The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association最新文献

{"title":"Phenotypic and Molecular Heterogeneity in Mandibulofacial Dysostoses: A Case Series From India.","authors":"Rathika D Shenoy,&nbsp;Vikram Shetty,&nbsp;Annelies Dheedene,&nbsp;Björn Menten,&nbsp;Dechamma Pandyanda Nanjappa,&nbsp;Gunimala Chakraborty,&nbsp;Patrick Sips,&nbsp;Anne de Paepe,&nbsp;Bert Callewaert,&nbsp;Anirban Chakraborty","doi":"10.1177/10556656211050006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10556656211050006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Facial dysostosis is a group of rare craniofacial congenital disabilities requiring multidisciplinary long-term care. This report presents the phenotypic and genotypic information from South India.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The study is a case series.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>This was an international collaborative study involving a tertiary craniofacial clinic and medical genetics unit.</p><p><strong>Patients, participants: </strong>The participants were 9 families with 17 affected individuals of facial dysostosis.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Exome analysis focused on known genes associated with acrofacial and mandibulofacial syndromes.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>The outcome measure was to report phenotyptic and genetic heterogeneity in affected individuals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A Tessier cleft was seen in 7 (41%), lower eyelid coloboma in 12 (65%), ear anomalies in 10 (59%), uniolateral or bilateral aural atresia in 4 (24%), and deafness in 6 (35%). The facial gestalt of Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) showed extensive phenotypic variations. Pathogenic variants in <i>TCOF1</i> (Treacher Collins syndrome) were seen in six families, <i>POLR1A</i> (acrofacial dysostosis, Cincinnati type) and <i>EFTUD2</i> (mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly) in one each. One family (11.1%) had no detectable variation. Five out of six probands with Treacher Collins syndrome had other affected family members (83.3%), including a non-penetrant mother, identified after sequencing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our report illustrates the molecular heterogeneity of mandibulofacial dysostosis in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":520794,"journal":{"name":"The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association","volume":" ","pages":"1346-1351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39677391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nasal Reconstruction of a Frontonasal Dysplasia via Septal L-Strut Reconstruction Using Costal Cartilage.","authors":"Yong Bae Kim,&nbsp;Seung Min Nam,&nbsp;Eun Soo Park,&nbsp;Chang Yong Choi,&nbsp;Han Gyu Cha,&nbsp;Jun Hyun Kim","doi":"10.1177/10556656211036614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10556656211036614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Frontonasal dysplasia (FND) is a rare congenital condition. Its major features include hypertelorism, a large and bifid nasal tip, and a broad nasal root. We present our technique of septal L-strut reconstruction using costal cartilage.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective review from June 2008 and August 2017.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Under general anesthesia, 6 patients with FND underwent septal reconstruction using costal cartilage via open rhinoplasty. We reconstructed the nasal and septal cartilaginous framework by placing columellar struts and cantilever-type grafts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patients ranged in age from 6 to 13 years old. All were female. The follow-up period ranged from 8 months to 2 years; we encountered no postoperative complications (infection, nasal obstruction, or recurrence). All patients were satisfied with their nasal appearance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the results were not entirely satisfactory from an esthetic point of view, we found that FND can be treated via septal reconstruction with costal cartilage and that the clinical outcomes are reliable and satisfactory. Our approach is a useful option for FND patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":520794,"journal":{"name":"The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association","volume":" ","pages":"1306-1313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39319430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Malocclusion Among Patients Undergoing Single-Stage Versus Two-Stage Cleft Palate Repair.","authors":"Hilary McCrary,&nbsp;Vanessa Torrecillas,&nbsp;Sarah Hatch Pollard,&nbsp;Dave S Collingridge,&nbsp;Duane Yamashiro,&nbsp;Jonathan R Skirko","doi":"10.1177/10556656211044944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10556656211044944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluate impact of single-stage versus staged palate repair on the risk of developing malocclusion among patients with cleft palate (CP).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study 2000-2016.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Academic, tertiary children's hospital.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>Patients undergoing CP repair between 1999-2015.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>CP repair, categorized as either single-stage or staged.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Time to development of Class III malocclusion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>967 patients were included; 60.1% had a two-stage CP repair, and 39.9% had single-stage. Malocclusion was diagnosed in 28.2% of patients. In the model examining all patients at ≤5 years (<i>n</i> = 659), patients who were not white had a higher risk of malocclusion (HR 2.46, <i>p</i> = 0.004) and staged repair was not protective against malocclusion (HR 0.98, <i>p</i> = 0.91). In all patients >5 years (<i>n</i> = 411), higher Veau classification and more recent year of birth were significantly associated with higher hazard rates (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Two-staged repair was not protective against developing malocclusion (HR 0.86, <i>p</i> = 0.60). In the model examining patients with staged repair ≤5 years old (<i>n</i> = 414), higher age at hard palate closure was associated with reduced malocclusion risk (HR 0.67, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and patients who were not white had increased risk (HR 2.56, <i>p</i> = 0.01). In patients with staged repair >5 years old, more recent birth year may be associated with a higher risk of malocclusion (HR 1.06, <i>p</i> = 0.06) while syndrome may be associated with lower risk of malocclusion diagnosis (HR 0.46, <i>p</i> = 0.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data suggests that staged CP repair is not protective against developing Class III malocclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":520794,"journal":{"name":"The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association","volume":" ","pages":"1271-1278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39872982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Stressful Life Events During the Periconceptional Period and Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Christina Tran, Andrew A Crawford, Alexander Hamilton, Clare E French, Yvonne Wren, Jonathan Sandy, Gemma Sharp","doi":"10.1177/10556656211045553","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10556656211045553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess whether women who experience stressful life events during the periconceptional period are at higher risk of giving birth to a baby with an orofacial cleft (OFC).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the proportion of babies born with OFC to mothers exposed and unexposed to population-level or personal-level stressful life events during the periconceptional period. Six electronic databases were searched from inception to August 2020. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Odds ratios (ORs) for the odds of OFC in babies of exposed mothers relative to unexposed controls were extracted and/or calculated. Random effects meta-analysis was undertaken, stratified by cleft subtype.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 12 eligible studies, 8 examined experience of personal events and 4 examined population-level events. Studies demonstrated low-moderate risk of bias and there was indication of publication bias. There was some evidence that personal stressful life events were associated with greater odds of cleft lip and/or palate (six studies, OR 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16, 2.30, <i>P</i> = 0.001) and cleft palate only (six studies, OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.02, 2.06, <i>P</i> = 0.04). Population-level events were associated with higher odds of OFC in studies that did not specify subtype (three studies, OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.19, 2.25, <i>P</i> = 0.002), but subtype stratified analyses were underpowered. Heterogeneity was high.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Limited evidence indicated a weak positive association between maternal stressful life events during the periconceptional period and risk of OFC in the offspring, but further studies with greater consistency in research design are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":520794,"journal":{"name":"The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association","volume":" ","pages":"1253-1263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39923638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tessier Number 3 and 4 Clefts: Clinical Presentation and Associated Clefts in a South African Population.","authors":"Abiola Omodan,&nbsp;Pamela Pillay,&nbsp;Lelika Lazarus,&nbsp;Kapil Satyapal,&nbsp;Anil Madaree","doi":"10.1177/10556656211036306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10556656211036306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The defects found in Tessier clefts number 3 and number 4 come in various forms in different patients. These variations have to a great extent affected not only documentation of these craniofacial defects but invariably their treatment and communication amongst craniofacial researchers. This study has not only documented the clinical presentation of these clefts in a South African population but has also incorporated the clinical presentation of Tessier clefts number 3 and 4 from different regions of the world.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The records of 8 patients, who had been treated for either Tessier clefts number 3 or 4, were reviewed and compared with 16 studies pulled from the literature systematically. The defects recorded as well as associated clefts and other congenital malformations were documented, and findings were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The anatomical and clinical presentation of the patients was compared to the reviewed literature and the different parameters were documented. In addition, associated clefts were also recorded in the study-it was noted that the association pattern recorded in Tessier cleft number 4 in this study did not conform to its traditional counterpart.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concluded that the clinical presentations of these clefts, however variable, seem to have a similar presentation worldwide. Additionally, associated clefts do not conform to the original Tessier classification system and therefore it is imperative for these patterns to be clearly mapped out.</p>","PeriodicalId":520794,"journal":{"name":"The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association","volume":" ","pages":"1299-1305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39329006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Study of Vocal Development and Language Environments in Infants With Cleft Palate.","authors":"Seunghee Ha,&nbsp;Kimbrough D Oller","doi":"10.1177/10556656211042513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10556656211042513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated vocalization and language environment longitudinally in infants with cleft palate (CP) based on day-long audio recordings collected in their natural environments.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Language Environment Analysis (LENA) data from all-day recordings at home were collected at 3-month intervals for infants from 4-6 to 16-18 months of age. The recordings were analyzed using experimentally blinded human coding as well as LENA automated analysis.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Ten infants with CP (± cleft lip) and 10 age-matched infants without CP.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Several measurements were obtained from the LENA automated analysis software. In addition, human coded measurements of vocalization and language environment, including the true canonical babbling ratio and the infant-directed speech ratio, were analyzed for each time point of data collection for each infant. Statistical analyses were performed to conduct group and age comparisons for each measure of vocalization and language environment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No group differences emerged in number of syllables produced. Infants with CP exhibited late onset and fewer productions of canonical syllables compared to infants without CP. Infants with CP did not show significant differences from infants without CP in measures related to language environment across ages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides detailed information through naturalistic all-day home recordings about vocal development and early language environments in infants with CP before and after palatal repair. Clinical implications for early intervention are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":520794,"journal":{"name":"The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association","volume":" ","pages":"1286-1298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39898505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infant with Clefts Observation Outcomes Instrument (iCOO): A New Outcome for Infants and Young Children with Orofacial Clefts.","authors":"Todd C Edwards,&nbsp;Carrie L Heike,&nbsp;Kathleen A Kapp-Simon,&nbsp;Salene M Jones,&nbsp;Brian G Leroux,&nbsp;Laura P Stueckle,&nbsp;Claudia Crilly Bellucci,&nbsp;Janine M Rosenberg,&nbsp;Meredith Albert,&nbsp;Cassandra L Aspinall,&nbsp;Donald L Patrick","doi":"10.1177/10556656211040307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10556656211040307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We evaluated the measurement properties for item and domain scores of the Infant with Clefts Observation Outcomes Instrument (iCOO).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional (before lip surgery) and longitudinal study (preoperative baseline and 2 days and 2 months after lip surgery).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Three academic craniofacial centers and national online advertisements.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Primary caregivers with an infant with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL  ±  P) scheduled to undergo primary lip repair. There were 133 primary caregivers at baseline, 115 at 2 days postsurgery, and 112 at 2 months postsurgery.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>Caregiver observation items (<i>n</i> = 61) and global impression of health and function items (<i>n</i> = 8) across eight health domains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age at surgery was 6.0 months (range 2.7-11.8 months). Five of eight iCOO domains have scale scores, with Cronbach's alphas ranging from 0.67 to 0.87. Except for the Facial Skin and Mouth domain, iCOO scales had acceptable intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranging from 0.76 to 0.84. The internal consistency of the Global Impression items across all domains was 0.90 and had acceptable ICCs (range 0.76-0.91). Sixteen out of 20 (nonscale) items had acceptable ICCs (range 0.66-0.96). As anticipated, iCOO scores 2 days postoperatively were generally lower than baseline and scores 2 months postsurgery were consistent with baseline or higher. The iCOO took approximately 10 min to complete.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The iCOO meets measurement standards and may be used for assessing the impact of cleft-related treatments in clinical research and care. More research is needed on its use in various treatment contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":520794,"journal":{"name":"The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association","volume":" ","pages":"1233-1245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8918060/pdf/nihms-1752301.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39411836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Early Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting Influence Need for Additional Maxillary Advancement Procedures in Cleft Lip and Palate?","authors":"Kathlyn K Powell,&nbsp;Paul Lewis,&nbsp;Rae Sesanto,&nbsp;Peter D Waite","doi":"10.1177/10556656211042789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10556656211042789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine if secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) timing in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) influences the future need for additional maxillary advancement procedures, particularly Le Fort I osteotomy with rigid external distraction (RED).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study. Groups were separated by SABG timing: early mixed dentition (ages 68 years) or late mixed dentition (ages 9-11 years). The criterion for RED was negative overjet ≥8 mm, and sufficient dental development for RED.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Single tertiary care institution.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>Patients with CLP that underwent SABG from 2010 to 2015. Exclusion criteria included syndromic conditions, SABG surgery at age >12 years, current age <12 years, and <2 years follow-up. 104 patients were included.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The number of RED candidates and treated patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no statistical difference in the number of RED candidates (<i>P</i>  =  .0718) nor treated patients (<i>P</i>  =  .2716) based on SABG timing; stratification by laterality was also insignificant. Early SABG is associated with higher odds of being a RED candidate (pooled, unilateral, bilateral) and treated patient (pooled and unilateral); however, there were no statistically significant associations between SABG timing and the number of RED candidates and treated patients as determined by logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is no statistically significant association between SABG timing and the odds of being a RED candidate or treated patient. Future prospective studies are recommended to assess the relationship between SABG timing and maxillary growth in patients with CLP.</p>","PeriodicalId":520794,"journal":{"name":"The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association","volume":" ","pages":"1279-1285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39429753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Psychosocial Problems in School-Age Children with Cleft Lip and Palate in Bandung, Indonesia Using CBCL/6-18.","authors":"Hardisiswo Soedjana,&nbsp;Kristaninta Bangun,&nbsp;Sitha Christine","doi":"10.1177/10556656211040703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10556656211040703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cleft lip with or without palate (CL  ±  P) may impact children's eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, and hearing. We aim to evaluate psychosocial problems in Indonesian cleft center school-age patients identified after one or more surgical interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study of parent report of patients with unilateral CL  ±  P who had cleft surgery from 2011 to 2016 in the Bandung Cleft Center using the Bahasa Indonesia version of CBCL/6-18 questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were completed based on measure norms and score ranges.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 104 participants (56.7% male) with a median age of 8 years old and 73.0% had unilateral cleft of lip, gum, and palate. We found that speech and appearance problems were not perceived by parents for 34.6% of participants after undergoing surgery. The majority of parents reported normal range scores for the Social scale (93.3%) and the School scale (92.3%). In contrast, largely due to the restrictions in the covid-19 pandemic, 78.8% of the patients had below normal range scores for the Activities scale. Borderline or Clinical range scores were reported for 6.7% of children on the Problem Items section and 15.4% of parents endorsed one or more Critical Items about their children, which indicate significant behavioral concerns.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we found 6.7% of the school-age children population with CL/P had psychosocial problems. The result of this study hopefully can shed some light in the long-term psychosocial conditions of the CL/P children post-operatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":520794,"journal":{"name":"The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association","volume":" ","pages":"1246-1252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39438067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Morphological Changes of the Velum and the Nasopharynx in Patients With Cleft Palate.","authors":"Takeshi Harada,&nbsp;Tadashi Yamanishi,&nbsp;Takayuki Kurimoto,&nbsp;Setsuko Uematsu,&nbsp;Yuri Yamamoto,&nbsp;Naoko Inoue,&nbsp;Juntaro Nishio","doi":"10.1177/10556656211045287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10556656211045287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate long-term morphological changes in the soft palate length and nasopharynx in patients with cleft palate. We hypothesized that there would be differences in the morphological development of the soft palate and nasopharynx between patients with and without cleft palate and that these developmental changes would negatively affect the soft palate length to pharyngeal depth ratio involved in velopharyngeal closure for patients with cleft palate.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective, case-control study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Institutional practice.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>Ninety-two patients (Group F) with unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate and 67 patients (Group CLA) with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus not requiring palatoplasty were included.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The soft palate length, nasopharyngeal size, and soft palate length to pharyngeal depth ratio were measured via lateral cephalograms obtained at three different periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group F showed a shorter soft palate length and smaller nasopharyngeal size than Group CLA at all periods. Both these parameters increased with age, but the increase in amount was significantly less in Group F compared with that in Group CLA. The soft palate length to pharyngeal depth ratio in Group F decreased with age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with cleft palate, the soft palate length to pharyngeal depth ratio, which is involved in velopharyngeal closure, can change with age. Less soft palate length growth and unfavorable relationship between the soft palate and nasopharynx may be masked in early childhood but can manifest later on with age.</p>","PeriodicalId":520794,"journal":{"name":"The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association","volume":" ","pages":"1264-1270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39528081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}