Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung最新文献

{"title":"Effects of resistance training on subjective sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and quality of life in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"José Ricardo Vieira de Almeida, Daniela Karina da Silva Ferreira, Victória Duarte de Arantes Lima, Enrique Nascimento Nazário Dos Santos, Nadja Sylmara Dos Santos de Oliveira Silva, José Lucas Porto Aguiar, Elton Carlos Felinto Dos Santos, Antônio Henrique Germano-Soares, Rodrigo Pinto Pedrosa, Andrea Maculano Esteves, Breno Quintella Farah, Ozeas de Lima Lins-Filho","doi":"10.1007/s11325-026-03842-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11325-026-03842-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to verify the effect of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) on subjective sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and quality of life in adults with OSA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 25 adults with moderate to severe OSA (age: 54.6 ± 7.2 years; BMI: 36.1 ± 7.9 kg/m²; apnea-hypopnea index: 52.2 ± 27.4 events/hour) were included. Participants were randomized into an RT group (three sessions per week) or a control group [CG (two sessions per week)]. Sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and quality of life were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), SF-36, respectively. Generalized estimated equations verified differences between groups over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Differences were observed in domains sleep latency (RT: Δ -1.0 ± 0.3 vs. CG: 0.2 ± 0.2; p = 0.018), sleep duration (RT: Δ -0.6 ± 0.3 vs. CG: -0.2 ± 0.2; p = 0.012), sleeping medication (RT: Δ -0.2 ± 0.1 vs. CG: 0.8 ± 0.3; p = 0.007), and overall PSQI score (RT: Δ -3.2 ± 0.6 vs. CG: 0.2 ± 0.8; p = 0.004). Regarding SF-36, differences were found in emotional aspects (RT: Δ 29.6 ± 14.8 vs. CG: -17.9 ± 10.0; p = 0.008) and global score (RT: Δ 10.8 ± 3.3 vs. CG: -3.4 ± 3.1; p = 0.002) were observed. No difference was observed in ESS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An eight-week RT program improves subjective sleep quality and quality of life in adults with moderate to severe OSA. Clinical trial registration (Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry [ReBec]): # RBR-2rg97kz. Date of registration: 01/17/2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":520777,"journal":{"name":"Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13683520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomography-derived cardiac parameters versus biochemical inflammatory indices for discriminating disease severity and identifying cardiovascular comorbidity in obstructive sleep apnoea: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Abdurrahman Koç, Abdullah Enes Ataş, Şebnem Yosunkaya, Hülya Vatansev","doi":"10.1007/s11325-026-03820-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-026-03820-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>It is unclear whether haematological inflammatory indices or CT-derived cardiac parameters add discriminative information beyond standard clinical variables in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). We compared both modalities, alone and combined, against age, sex and body mass index (BMI) for identifying severe OSAS and associated cardiovascular comorbidity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 401 participants (240 OSAS, 161 controls). Four nested logistic regression models were fitted in the OSAS cohort: M0 (age, sex, BMI); M1 (M0 plus biochemical indices CAR, NLR, PLR, SII); M2 (M0 plus CT-derived cardiac parameters: pulmonary artery [PA] diameter, PA/aorta ratio, RV/LV ratio, ventricular wall thicknesses); and M3 (M0 plus CT plus biochemical). We compared discrimination (AUC, DeLong), reclassification (continuous NRI, IDI) and model fit (likelihood ratio tests), with internal validation by 500-iteration bootstrap optimism correction and repeated tenfold cross-validation. Missing predictor data were handled by multiple imputation (MICE, m = 20) as the primary approach. Cardiovascular outcomes were defined from echocardiography to avoid predictor-outcome overlap.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For severe OSAS, M2 improved on M0 (AUC 0.755 vs 0.716; LR p = 0.005; NRI + 0.60 [95% CI 0.35-0.83]; IDI + 0.055 [0.027-0.083]), whereas M1 did not (LR p = 0.62). M3 added nothing over M2 (ΔAUC = 0.007; LR p = 0.63). Optimism-corrected AUCs were 0.705, 0.695, 0.721 and 0.716 for M0-M3, so the incremental gain was modest. Nocturnal hypoxaemia indices discriminated severe OSAS far better than CT (ODI AUC 0.888 vs PA diameter 0.699), and once ODI and T90 were available CT added little (ΔAUC < 0.01). CT parameters gave modest reclassification for hypertension, coronary artery disease and the composite cardiovascular outcome; biochemical indices did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CT-derived cardiac parameters, particularly PA diameter, added discrimination over age, sex and BMI for severe OSAS; haematological indices did not. When thoracic CT is already available for another indication, opportunistic measurement of PA dimensions may complement clinical risk stratification. These findings are exploratory and require prospective external validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520777,"journal":{"name":"Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel age-based physiological definition of adherence to pediatric long-term non-invasive ventilation: an exploratory study.","authors":"V Leske, M Dicembrino","doi":"10.1007/s11325-026-03843-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11325-026-03843-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The indications for pediatric long-term non-invasive ventilation (LT-NIV) have expanded. However, a standardized definition of pediatric adherence is lacking.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To propose a novel physiological definition of adherence to pediatric LT-NIV and compare it with the two commonly used adult-derived definitions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective cross-sectional study including all eligible children aged 0.15-18 years enrolled in the LT-NIV follow-up program at Hospital Garrahan, Argentina. Clinical data were obtained from medical records and adherence from device memory downloads. The proposed definition classified patients as \"adherent\" when LT-NIV use reached ≥ 70% of the minimum age-specific recommended sleep duration (American Academy of Sleep Medicine consensus) on ≥ 70% of nights, replacing a fixed threshold with one tailored to each child´s sleep needs. This was compared to the current(≥ 4 h/night on ≥ 70% of nights) and classic (≥ 4 h/night on ≥ 50% of nights) adult-derived definitions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty patients were included (median age 9.01years, IQR 5.96-14.09). The most frequent diagnoses were neuromuscular (31%) and genetic disorders (15%). LT-NIV was initiated electively in 91%, 75% reported sleep-disordered breathing symptoms, polysomnography was abnormal in 95.2%. Adherence rates were 66.25% (novel definition); 83.75% (classic definition) and 78.75% (current definition), p = 0.0005 and p = 0.0039 respectively. Poorer adherence was associated with younger age, developmental delay, absence of symptoms, earlier ventilation initiation and lower pressure settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results highlight an overestimation of adherence when adult definitions are used. This first study explores a novel pediatric adherence definition for LT-NIV. Our research calls for action to discuss new international pediatric adherence thresholds.</p>","PeriodicalId":520777,"journal":{"name":"Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of annual household income and insomnia symptoms based on work-life balance among Japanese female workers in older adult care services: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Kie Tanaka, Ai Ikeda, Setsuko Sato, Yuka Suzuki, Koutatsu Maruyama, Hadrien Charvat, Kiyohide Tomooka, Hiroo Wada, Yasunari Koyama, Takeshi Tanigawa","doi":"10.1007/s11325-026-03830-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11325-026-03830-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Socioeconomic status has been associated with sleep disturbance; however, the link between annual household income and insomnia symptoms, considering the additive association with work-life balance, has yet to be examined. Therefore, we investigated this association among Japanese female care workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2015 and 2016, 451 women aged 18-60 years who worked in older adult care services were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Insomnia symptoms were measured using the Athens Insomnia Scale. Categorized annual household income was divided into two categories (high/middle vs. low) based on the median annual household income from the national survey. Work-life balance was assessed by examining work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts. Exposure was defined as a combined category of income and work-life balance. Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires. Prevalence ratios (PRs) of insomnia symptoms were estimated using modified Poisson regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The multivariable-adjusted PR (95% confidence interval [CI]) of insomnia symptoms was 1.43 (1.01-2.01) in the low- compared with the high/middle-income group. Compared with the group with high/middle income and better work-life balance, the PR (95% CI) of insomnia symptoms was 1.27 (0.80-2.00) among those with low income and better work-life balance. Meanwhile, high PRs were observed for both income groups with a worse work-life balance (2.00 [1.45-2.74] for high/middle income and 3.02 [2.00-4.56] for low income).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Improving work-life balance may help mitigate insomnia symptoms regardless of income, while low income was associated with a higher prevalence of insomnia symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":520777,"journal":{"name":"Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Association of peripheral NLRP3 inflammasome activation with prevalent and incident chronic kidney disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a prospective study\".","authors":"Farhan Javaid, Kainat Fatima, Laiba Lateef","doi":"10.1007/s11325-026-03840-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11325-026-03840-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This correspondence comments on the study by Cai et al. examining circulating NLRP3 and prevalent and incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The inclusion of 648 participants, complementary cross-sectional and prospective analyses, and evaluation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria are important strengths. Nevertheless, several methodological considerations affect interpretation. Prevalent CKD appears to have been classified using baseline eGFR or urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio without consistent confirmation of chronicity. A single baseline NLRP3 measurement may not reflect long-term biological activity, while adjusted associations do not establish improved prediction beyond established risk factors. The possible causal roles of OSA severity, nocturnal hypoxemia, and inflammatory markers also merit explicit consideration. Building on these findings, future multicenter studies should confirm CKD with repeat renal measurements, assess serial NLRP3 reproducibility, prespecify causally informed models, and compare clinical prediction models with and without NLRP3 using discrimination, calibration, validation, and decision-curve analysis. These steps would help determine whether circulating NLRP3 offers meaningful incremental value for renal risk stratification in OSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":520777,"journal":{"name":"Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149208452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabinoids and sleep bruxism: mechanistic rationale, polysomnographic evidence, and future research directions.","authors":"Leonardo Brigido Metello Neves, Daniel Domingues Dos Santos, Mario Pereira Couto Neto, Francisco Jose Pereira, Paulo Henrique Laino, Bruno Luiz Baldessarini, Bernardo Correia Lima, Ricardo Grillo","doi":"10.1007/s11325-026-03827-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11325-026-03827-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Sleep bruxism (SB) is masticatory muscle activity during sleep, most often studied through its polysomnographic marker, rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA). Cannabinoids have attracted interest for their analgesic, anxiolytic and sleep-modulating properties, but whether they influence SB, and whether such modulation would benefit patients, remains unclear. This review examines cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabinol (CBN) in relation to sleep, arousal and masticatory muscle activity, and separates what has been demonstrated from what is inferred.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science for records published between 1 January 2004 and 14 June 2026, with searches last run on 14 June 2026. Cannabinoid terms were crossed with sleep terms and with bruxism terms, and searched independently for mechanistic literature. Seminal earlier work was retrieved by hand-searching reference lists. Each source was classified by level and directness of evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Meta-analytic evidence indicates that cannabis administration at therapeutic doses does not consistently alter total sleep time, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency or sleep staging. A randomised polysomnographic trial of CBN missed its primary endpoint (wake after sleep onset); in uncorrected secondary and tertiary analyses, 300 mg reduced the electroencephalographic arousal index and sleep onset latency and increased N2 sleep. Preclinical polysomnography supports a hypnotic action of CBN and of its brain-penetrant metabolite, with partial tolerance within two weeks. One randomised trial reported that topical CBD reduced a portable device bruxism index and masseter activity in patients with SB and painful temporomandibular disorders, through a proposed local mechanism involving myorelaxation and analgesia. The entire direct clinical evidence base comes from a single research group, and no study has measured RMMA by polysomnography under any cannabinoid.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Two distinct pathways could link cannabinoids to SB, one peripheral and one central, and neither has been demonstrated in patients with SB. The clinically relevant question is not whether a cannabinoid lowers a motor activity index, but whether it improves outcomes that matter in patients whose SB carries consequences. Trials combining polysomnography, masseter electromyography and patient-centred outcomes are required before any clinical recommendation.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not applicable (narrative review).</p>","PeriodicalId":520777,"journal":{"name":"Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149198852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor Regarding: \"Upper airway dimensions in pediatric obstructive sleep-disordered breathing: a systematic review and meta-analysis\".","authors":"Yusra Nawaz","doi":"10.1007/s11325-026-03837-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-026-03837-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520777,"journal":{"name":"Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149198851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear age-related differences in clinical profiles of obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional study of 1,508 Chinese patients.","authors":"Jieqiong Li, Rong Huang, Jinmei Luo, Yi Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s11325-026-03836-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11325-026-03836-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To characterize age-related clinical profiles and nonlinear age associations in treatment-naive Chinese patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study included 1,508 patients aged 18-88 years at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (2022-2025). Clinical and polysomnographic characteristics were compared across five age groups. Restricted cubic splines assessed continuous-age associations, with separate overall and nonlinearity tests and sex-adjusted sensitivity analyses. Sex-adjusted logistic models evaluated prevalent severity, sleepiness, and cardiometabolic comorbidities; age-quartile comparisons were supplementary.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1,840 participants undergoing PSG, OSA detection differed across ages, with a greater increase among women (age-by-sex interaction P = 0.031). Respiratory severity was broadly comparable across age groups. In unadjusted analyses, body mass index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores showed nonlinear age associations (both P < 0.001), as did lowest oxygen saturation (P = 0.018) and selected Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) components. Global PSQI was associated with age overall, without clear nonlinearity (P = 0.099). Sex adjustment attenuated nonlinearity for oxygen saturation and sleep latency. Older age was associated with higher prevalence odds of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Excessive daytime sleepiness showed a midlife elevation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OSA clinical profiles differ across ages, with nonlinearity in selected measures. Older patients have greater comorbidity burden and poorer reported sleep quality despite comparable respiratory severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":520777,"journal":{"name":"Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149187650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dynamic triad: why weight trajectory matters in pediatric obesity, sleep apnea, and metabolic risk.","authors":"Weerapong Lilitwat, Taryn E Lubbers, Yuttiwat Vorakunthada","doi":"10.1007/s11325-026-03838-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-026-03838-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520777,"journal":{"name":"Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149187641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring adult breathing pattern: devices, outcomes, and evidence-a scoping review.","authors":"Rodrigo Martins, Fátima Rodrigues, Ana Martins, Bruno Neves, Helena Silva, João Guerra, Susana Costa, Nélson Costa","doi":"10.1007/s11325-026-03834-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11325-026-03834-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To map instruments and protocols used to assess adult breathing pattern (BP), describe the outcomes they yield, appraise reported measurement properties, and identify whether any single modality is \"clinically ready.\" The review asks which instruments and protocols quantify adult BP, which outcomes are reported (e.g., rate, amplitude, I:E ratio, thoracoabdominal mobility), and what evidence exists for reliability, sensitivity, or specificity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review, guided by Joanna Briggs Institute methods and reported per PRISMA-ScR, was undertaken. Searches in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed were run to 27 Aug 2024 and updated on 21 Aug 2025 with identical strategies. Five reviewers screened records in three stages against predefined eligibility criteria (adult human samples; instrumented BP assessment). Data were charted for population, device and sampling, reference standards, tasks, outcomes, and clinimetric reporting. Thirty-one studies met eligibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evidence (1994-2025; 31 studies) clusters into contact and contactless families: optical/vision and motion capture, respiratory inductance plethysmography and other belts/pressure arrays, wearable inertial sensors, radar, and depth/thermal cameras. Outcomes concentrate on respiratory rate, tidal/volume proxies, and thoraco-abdominal contributions/coordination; fewer studies report event timing, displacement, or phase/asynchrony. Validation is chiefly against spirometry/pneumotachography; agreement for respiratory rate is generally high, while absolute volume agreement varies with calibration and posture. Reliability indices and diagnostic metrics are inconsistently reported. Most samples are small and posture-bound (laboratory or seated/supine), with heterogeneous preprocessing and reference-frame conventions limiting comparability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multiple modalities can quantify BP, but no single instrument currently satisfies validity, reliability, responsiveness, interpretability, feasibility, and equity across settings. Near-term use is strongest for respiratory-rate and trend-level expansion under controlled conditions. Progress depends on standardized reference frames for wearables, transparent breath-cycle definitions, cross-instrument calibration against common protocols, and larger real-world studies with systematic reporting.</p>","PeriodicalId":520777,"journal":{"name":"Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}