Rice (New York, N.Y.)最新文献

{"title":"Genomic Architecture of Yield Performance of an Elite Rice Hybrid Revealed by its Derived Recombinant Inbred Line and Their Backcross Hybrid Populations.","authors":"Fan Zhang,&nbsp;Conghe Zhang,&nbsp;Xiuqin Zhao,&nbsp;Shuangbing Zhu,&nbsp;Kai Chen,&nbsp;Guixiang Zhou,&nbsp;Zhichao Wu,&nbsp;Min Li,&nbsp;Tianqing Zheng,&nbsp;Wensheng Wang,&nbsp;Zhi Yan,&nbsp;Qinyong Fei,&nbsp;Zhikang Li,&nbsp;Jinjie Chen,&nbsp;Jianlong Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12284-022-00595-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-022-00595-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since its development and wide adoption in China, hybrid rice has reached the yield plateau for more than three decades. To understand the genetic basis of heterosis in rice and accelerate hybrid rice breeding, the yield performances of the elite rice hybrid, Quan-you-si-miao (QYSM) were genetically dissected by whole-genome sequencing, large-scale phenotyping of 1061 recombined inbred lines (RILs) and 1061 backcross F₁ (BCF₁) hybrids derived from QYSM's parents across three environments and gene-based analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genome-wide scanning of 13,847 segregating genes between the parents and linkage mapping based on 855 bins across the rice genome and phenotyping experiments across three environments resulted in identification of large numbers of genes, 639 main-effect QTLs (M-QTLs) and 2736 epistatic QTLs with significant additive or heterotic effects on the trait performances of the combined population consisting of RILs and BCF₁ hybrids, most of which were environment-specific. The 324 M-QTLs affecting yield components included 32.7% additive QTLs, 38.0% over-dominant or dominant ones with strong and positive effects and 29.3% under-dominant or incomplete recessive ones with significant negative heterotic effects. 63.6% of 1403 genes with allelic introgression from subspecies japonica/Geng in the parents of QYSM may have contributed significantly to the enhanced yield performance of QYSM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The parents of QYSM and related rice hybrids in China carry disproportionally more additive and under-dominant genes/QTLs affecting yield traits. Further focus in indica/Xian rice breeding should shift back to improving inbred varieties, while breaking yield ceiling of Xian hybrids can be achieved by one or combinations of the three strategies: (1) by pyramiding favorable alleles of additive genes, (2) by eliminating or minimizing under-dominant loci, and (3) by pyramiding overdominant/dominant genes polymorphic, particularly those underlying inter-subspecific heterosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520771,"journal":{"name":"Rice (New York, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9526777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40384960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Drought and Salt Tolerance by OsSKL2 and OsASR1 in Rice.","authors":"Yingli Jiang,&nbsp;Xiaojian Peng,&nbsp;Qin Zhang,&nbsp;Yuqing Liu,&nbsp;Aiqi Li,&nbsp;Beijiu Cheng,&nbsp;Jiandong Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12284-022-00592-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-022-00592-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought greatly impact the growth and production of crops worldwide. Here, a shikimate kinase-like 2 (SKL2) gene was cloned from rice and characterized for its regulatory function in salinity and drought tolerance. OsSKL2 was localized in the chloroplast, and its transcripts were significantly induced by drought and salinity stress as well as H₂O₂ and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Meanwhile, overexpression of OsSKL2 in rice increased tolerance to salinity, drought and oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, and reducing levels of H₂O₂, malondialdehyde, and relative electrolyte leakage. In contrast, RNAi-induced suppression of OsSKL2 increased sensitivity to stress treatment. Interestingly, overexpression of OsSKL2 also increased sensitivity to exogenous ABA, with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Moreover, OsSKL2 was found to physically interact with OsASR1, a well-known chaperone-like protein, which also exhibited positive roles in salt and drought tolerance. A reduction in ROS production was also observed in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana showing transient co-expression of OsSKL2 with OsASR1. Taken together, these findings suggest that OsSKL2 together with OsASR1 act as important regulatory factors that confer salt and drought tolerance in rice via ROS scavenging.</p>","PeriodicalId":520771,"journal":{"name":"Rice (New York, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9424430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33445034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DRR Dhan 58, a Seedling Stage Salinity Tolerant NIL of Improved Samba Mahsuri Shows Superior Performance in Multi-location Trials.","authors":"G Rekha,&nbsp;V Abhilash Kumar,&nbsp;C G Gokulan,&nbsp;M B V N Koushik,&nbsp;B Laxmi Prasanna,&nbsp;Swapnil Kulkarni,&nbsp;D Aleena,&nbsp;G Harika,&nbsp;S K Hajira,&nbsp;K Pranathi,&nbsp;E Punniakoti,&nbsp;R R Kale,&nbsp;T Dilip Kumar,&nbsp;D Ayyappa,&nbsp;M Anila,&nbsp;Pragya Sinha,&nbsp;K K Manohara,&nbsp;G Padmavathi,&nbsp;L V Subba Rao,&nbsp;G S Laha,&nbsp;M S Srinivas Prasad,&nbsp;R A Fiyaz,&nbsp;K Suneetha,&nbsp;S M Balachandran,&nbsp;Hitendra Kumar Patel,&nbsp;Ramesh V Sonti,&nbsp;P Senguttuvel,&nbsp;R M Sundaram","doi":"10.1186/s12284-022-00591-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-022-00591-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Improved Samba Mahsuri (ISM) is an elite, high-yielding, bacterial blight resistant, fine-grained rice variety with low glycaemic index. It is highly sensitive to salt stress, particularly at seedling stage, which significantly reduces its yield potential in coastal areas. A salinity tolerant QTL, Saltol, associated with seedling stage tolerance was previously mapped on chromosome 1 (10.6-11.5 Mb) from the Indian landrace, Pokkali and is effective in different genetic backgrounds. The objective of this study was to enhance salinity tolerance of ISM by incorporating the Saltol QTL through marker-assisted backcross breeding using the breeding line, FL478 (Pokkali/IR29).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Foreground selection was carried out at each generation using five Saltol-specific markers and three bacterial blight resistance genes, Xa21, xa13 and xa5. Background selection was conducted using 66 well distributed polymorphic SSR markers and at the BC₃F₂ generation, a single plant with maximum recurrent parent genome recovery (95.3%) was identified and advanced to the BC₃F₄ generation. Based on bacterial blight resistance, seedling stage salinity tolerance and resemblance to ISM, four advanced breeding lines were selected for testing in replicated experiments near Hyderabad, India. A promising near-isogenic line, DRR Dhan 58, was evaluated in multi-location trials-coastal salinity and it showed significant salinity tolerance, resistance to bacterial blight disease, high yield and excellent grain quality during the 2019 and 2020 trials. DRR Dhan 58 was 95.1% similar to ISM based on genotyping with the 90 K SNP chip. Whole genome resequencing analysis of Pokkali and FL478 which were salinity tolerant checks, ISM and DRR Dhan 58 showed a high degree of relatedness with respect to the candidate gene loci for Saltol and OsSKC1 (Shoot K⁺ Concentration 1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DRR Dhan 58, possessing Saltol and three bacterial blight resistance genes (Xa21, xa13 and xa5) in the genetic background of the Indian mega-variety of rice, Samba Mahsuri, was developed for potential cultivation in areas prone to seedling stage salinity, as well as areas with endemic bacterial blight disease. This entry had a 24% yield advantage over the recurrent parent ISM under coastal saline conditions in multi-location trials and was recently released for commercial cultivation in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":520771,"journal":{"name":"Rice (New York, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9385912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40420965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnaporthe oryzae Chloroplast Targeting Endo-β-1,4-Xylanase I MoXYL1A Regulates Conidiation, Appressorium Maturation and Virulence of the Rice Blast Fungus.","authors":"Ammarah Shabbir,&nbsp;Wajjiha Batool,&nbsp;Dan Yu,&nbsp;Lili Lin,&nbsp;Qiuli An,&nbsp;Chen Xiaomin,&nbsp;Hengyuan Guo,&nbsp;Shuangshuang Yuan,&nbsp;Sekete Malota,&nbsp;Zonghua Wang,&nbsp;Justice Norvienyeku","doi":"10.1186/s12284-022-00584-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-022-00584-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endo-β-1,4-Xylanases are a group of extracellular enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan, a principal constituent of the plant primary cell wall. The contribution of Endo-β-1,4-Xylanase I to both physiology and pathogenesis of the rice blast fungus M. oryzae is unknown. Here, we characterized the biological function of two endoxylanase I (MoXYL1A and MoXYL1B) genes in the development of M. oryzae using targeted gene deletion, biochemical analysis, and fluorescence microscopy. Phenotypic analysis of ∆Moxyl1A strains showed that MoXYL1A is required for the full virulence of M. oryzae but is dispensable for the vegetative growth of the rice blast fungus. MoXYL1B, in contrast, did not have a clear role in the infectious cycle but has a critical function in asexual reproduction of the fungus. The double deletion mutant was severely impaired in pathogenicity and virulence as well as asexual development. We found that MoXYL1A deletion compromised appressorium morphogenesis and function, leading to failure to penetrate host cells. Fluorescently tagged MoXYL1A and MoXYL1B displayed cytoplasmic localization in M. oryzae, while analysis of MoXYL1A-GFP and MoXYL1B-GFP in-planta revealed translocation and accumulation of these effector proteins into host cells. Meanwhile, sequence feature analysis showed that MoXYL1A possesses a transient chloroplast targeting signal peptide, and results from an Agrobacterium infiltration assay confirmed co-localization of MoXYL1A-GFP with ChCPN10C-RFP in the chloroplasts of host cells. MoXYL1B, accumulated to the cytoplasm of the host. Taken together, we conclude that MoXYL1A is a secreted effector protein that likely promotes the virulence of M. oryzae by interfering in the proper functioning of the host chloroplast, while the related xylanase MoXYL1B does not have a major role in virulence of M. oryzae.</p>","PeriodicalId":520771,"journal":{"name":"Rice (New York, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9374862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40624157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flavonoid Metabolic Profiles and Gene Mapping of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Purple Gradient Grain Hulls.","authors":"Fantao Zhang,&nbsp;Limin Yang,&nbsp;Wenxue Huang,&nbsp;Xiangdong Luo,&nbsp;Jiankun Xie,&nbsp;Biaolin Hu,&nbsp;Yaling Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12284-022-00589-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-022-00589-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain hull color is an easily observable trait and regarded as a crucial morphological marker in rice breeding. Here, a purple gradient grain hull mutant (pg) was found from natural mutations of a straw-white grain hull rice variety IARI 6184B (Orzya sativa L. subsp. indica). The color of the mutant grain hulls changed from straw-white to pink, then purple, and finally brownish-yellow. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) identified 217 flavonoids, including 18 anthocyanins, among which cyanidin O-syringic acid had the highest concentration in pink (66.2 × 10⁶) and purple (68.0 × 10⁶) grain hulls. The relative contents of hesperetin O-malonyl-hexoside, apigenin derivatives, genistein derivatives, and kaempferol 3-O derivatives were consistently downregulated during pg grain hull development. Conversely, 12 anthocyanins were upregulated in colored hulls, and cyanidin 3-O-malonylhexoside was abundant only in pink and purple grain hulls. Moreover, the candidate gene was mapped into a 1.38 Mb region on chromosome 4 through bulked segregant analysis based on deep sequencing (BSA-seq) and gene mapping approaches. These results increased our understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice grains, helping rice breeders to select new rice varieties with desirable grain traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":520771,"journal":{"name":"Rice (New York, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9357590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40699342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rice MPK17 Plays a Negative Role in the Xa21-Mediated Resistance Against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.","authors":"Zheng Zhu,&nbsp;Tianxingzi Wang,&nbsp;Jinping Lan,&nbsp;Jinjiao Ma,&nbsp;Haiqing Xu,&nbsp;Zexi Yang,&nbsp;Yalu Guo,&nbsp;Yue Chen,&nbsp;Jianshuo Zhang,&nbsp;Shijuan Dou,&nbsp;Ming Yang,&nbsp;Liyun Li,&nbsp;Guozhen Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12284-022-00590-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-022-00590-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rice bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is one of the most serious diseases affecting rice production worldwide. Xa21 was the first disease resistance gene cloned in rice, which encodes a receptor kinase and confers broad resistance against Xoo stains. Dozens of components in the Xa21-mediated pathway have been identified in the past decades, however, the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes in the pathway has not been well described. To identify MAPK involved in Xa21-mediated resistance, the level of MAPK proteins was profiled using Western blot analysis. The abundance of OsMPK17 (MPK17) was found decreased during the rice-Xoo interaction in the background of Xa21. To investigate the function of MPK17, MPK17-RNAi and over-expression (OX) transgenic lines were generated. The RNAi lines showed an enhanced resistance, while OX lines had impaired resistance against Xoo, indicating that MPK17 plays negative role in Xa21-mediated resistance. Furthermore, the abundance of transcription factor WRKY62 and pathogenesis-related proteins PR1A were changed in the MPK17 transgenic lines when inoculated with Xoo. We also observed that the MPK17-RNAi and -OX rice plants showed altered agronomic traits, indicating that MPK17 also plays roles in the growth and development. On the basis of the current study and published results, we propose a \"Xa21-MPK17-WRKY62-PR1A\" signaling that functions in the Xa21-mediated disease resistance pathway. The identification of MPK17 advances our understanding of the mechanism underlying Xa21-mediated immunity, specifically in the mid- and late-stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":520771,"journal":{"name":"Rice (New York, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9349333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40578068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salicylic Acid Acts Upstream of Auxin and Nitric Oxide (NO) in Cell Wall Phosphorus Remobilization in Phosphorus Deficient Rice.","authors":"Qi Wu,&nbsp;Huai-Kang Jing,&nbsp;Zhi-Hang Feng,&nbsp;Jing Huang,&nbsp;Ren-Fang Shen,&nbsp;Xiao-Fang Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s12284-022-00588-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-022-00588-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salicylic acid (SA) is thought to be involved in phosphorus (P) stress response in plants, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we showed that P deficiency significantly increased the endogenous SA content by inducing the SA synthesis pathway, especially for up-regulating the expression of PAL3. Furthermore, rice SA synthetic mutants pal3 exhibited the decreased root and shoot soluble P content, indicating that SA is involved in P homeostasis in plants. Subsequently, application of exogenous SA could increase the root and shoot soluble P content through regulating the root and shoot cell wall P reutilization. In addition, - P + SA treatment highly upregulated the expression of P transporters such as OsPT2 and OsPT6, together with the increased xylem P content, suggesting that SA also participates in the translocation of the P from the root to the shoot. Moreover, both signal molecular nitric oxide (NO) and auxin (IAA) production were enhanced when SA is applied while the addition of respective inhibitor c-PTIO (NO scavenger) and NPA (IAA transport inhibitor) significantly decreased the root and shoot cell wall P remobilization in response to P starvation. Taken together, here SA-IAA-NO-cell wall P reutilization pathway has been discovered in P-starved rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":520771,"journal":{"name":"Rice (New York, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9349334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40667147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"miR167d-ARFs Module Regulates Flower Opening and Stigma Size in Rice.","authors":"Zhi-Xue Zhao,&nbsp;Xiao-Xiao Yin,&nbsp;Sha Li,&nbsp;Yu-Ting Peng,&nbsp;Xiu-Lian Yan,&nbsp;Chen Chen,&nbsp;Beenish Hassan,&nbsp;Shi-Xin Zhou,&nbsp;Mei Pu,&nbsp;Jing-Hao Zhao,&nbsp;Xiao-Hong Hu,&nbsp;Guo-Bang Li,&nbsp;He Wang,&nbsp;Ji-Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Yan-Yan Huang,&nbsp;Jing Fan,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Wen-Ming Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12284-022-00587-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-022-00587-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flower opening and stigma exertion are two critical traits for cross-pollination during seed production of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, we demonstrate that the miR167d-ARFs module regulates stigma size and flower opening that is associated with the elongation of stamen filaments and the cell arrangement of lodicules. The overexpression of miR167d (OX167d) resulted in failed elongation of stamen filaments, increased stigma size, and morphological alteration of lodicule, resulting in cleistogamy. Blocking miR167d by target mimicry also led to a morphological alteration of the individual floral organs, including a reduction in stigma size and alteration of lodicule cell morphology, but did not show the cleistogamous phenotype. In addition, the four target genes of miR167d, namely ARF6, ARF12, ARF17, and ARF25, have overlapping functions in flower opening and stigma size. The loss-of-function of a single ARF gene did not influence the flower opening and stigma size, but arf12 single mutant showed a reduced plant height and aborted apical spikelets. However, mutation in ARF12 together with mutation in either ARF6, ARF17, or ARF25 led to the same defective phenotypes that were observed in OX167d, including the failed elongation of stamen filaments, increased stigma size, and morphological alteration of lodicule. These findings indicate that the appropriate expression of miR167d is crucial and the miR167d-ARFs module plays important roles in the regulation of flower opening and stigma size in rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":520771,"journal":{"name":"Rice (New York, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9314575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40646810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OsSNDP3 Functions for the Polar Tip Growth in Rice Pollen Together with OsSNDP2, a Paralog of OsSNDP3.","authors":"Sunok Moon,&nbsp;Yu-Jin Kim,&nbsp;Ha Eun Park,&nbsp;Junhyup Kim,&nbsp;Yun Shil Gho,&nbsp;Woo-Jong Hong,&nbsp;Eui-Jung Kim,&nbsp;Su Kyoung Lee,&nbsp;Byung-Chang Suh,&nbsp;Gynheung An,&nbsp;Ki-Hong Jung","doi":"10.1186/s12284-022-00586-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-022-00586-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding pollen tube growth is critical for crop yield maintenance. The pollen tube provides a path for sperm cells for fertilization with egg cells. Cells must be subdivided into functionally and structurally distinct compartments for polar tip growth, and phosphoinositides are thought to be one of the facilitators for polarization during pollen tube growth. OsSNDP3 encodes Sec14-nodulin domain-containing protein and localizes in the nucleus and the microdomains of the plasma membrane in tobacco leaf epidermis cells. OsSNDP3 is thought to bind with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate based on the data including the information of basic amino acids in the C-terminal and colocalization with 2X Pleckstrin homology domain of Phospholipase C delta-1. OsSNDP3 interacts with a protein that contains a class I nodulin domain. We discovered that OsSNDP3 plays a significant role in pollen tube germination using CRISPR/Cas9 systems, whereas another pollen-preferential Sec14-nodulin domain-containing protein, OsSNDP2, additively functions with OsSNDP3 during pollen tube germination. Gene Ontology analysis using downregulated genes in ossndp3 indicated that the expression of genes involved in the phosphatidylinositol metabolic process and tip growth was significantly altered in ossndp3. OsSNDP3 aids pollen polar tip growth by binding with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. We can better understand the roles of phosphoinositides during pollen tube growth by studying the functions of OsSNDP3 and OsSNDP2. And downregulated genes in ossndp3 might be useful targets for future research on polar tip growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":520771,"journal":{"name":"Rice (New York, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9300783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40524474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-Genome Sequencing of Rice Mutant Library Members Induced by N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Mutagenesis of Fertilized Egg Cells.","authors":"Takahiko Kubo,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Yamagata,&nbsp;Hiroaki Matsusaka,&nbsp;Atsushi Toyoda,&nbsp;Yutaka Sato,&nbsp;Toshihiro Kumamaru","doi":"10.1186/s12284-022-00585-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-022-00585-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although targeted genome editing technology has become a powerful reverse genetic approach for accelerating functional genomics, conventional mutant libraries induced by chemical mutagens remain valuable for plant studies. Plants containing chemically induced mutations are simple yet effective genetic tools that can be grown without regard for biosafety issues. Whole-genome sequencing of mutant individuals reduces the effort required for mutant screening, thereby increasing their utility. In this study, we sequenced members of a mutant library of Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare derived from treating single fertilized egg cells with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). By whole-genome sequencing 266 M₁ plants in this mutant library, we identified a total of 0.66 million induced point mutations. This result represented one mutation in every 146-kb of genome sequence in the 373 Mb assembled rice genome. These point mutations were uniformly distributed throughout the rice genome, and over 70,000 point mutations were located within coding sequences. Although this mutant library was a small population, nonsynonymous mutations were found in nearly 61% of all annotated rice genes, and 8.6% (3248 genes) had point mutations with large effects on gene function, such as gaining a stop codon or losing a start codon. WGS showed MNU-mutagenesis using rice fertilized egg cells induces mutations efficiently and is suitable for constructing mutant libraries for an in silico mutant screening system. Expanding this mutant library and its database will provide a useful in silico screening tool that facilitates functional genomics studies with a special emphasis on rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":520771,"journal":{"name":"Rice (New York, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9288566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40620826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}