Shmaila Saleem-Talib, Vincent J van Driel, Tanja Nikolic, Harry van Wessel, Hellen Louman, C Jan Willem Borleffs, Jeroen van der Heijden, Moniek Cox, Hemanth Ramanna
{"title":"The jugular approach for leadless pacing: A novel and safe alternative.","authors":"Shmaila Saleem-Talib, Vincent J van Driel, Tanja Nikolic, Harry van Wessel, Hellen Louman, C Jan Willem Borleffs, Jeroen van der Heijden, Moniek Cox, Hemanth Ramanna","doi":"10.1111/pace.14587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pace.14587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate safety of leadless pacemaker implantation through the internal jugular vein in a larger cohort with longer follow-up. Moreover, feasibility of non-apical pacing as well as relation between pacing site and QRS duration were assessed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty Two consecutive patients, who received a leadless pacemaker though the internal jugular vein, were included. Electrical parameters were measured at regular follow-up and any complications were registered. Paced QRS interval was compared for three pacing sites, RVOT, RV mid septum, and RV apical septum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all patients, the leadless pacemaker was implanted successfully. In 69 patients, the device was implanted in a non-apical position. In 71% of cases, the device could be deployed at first attempt. The median fluoroscopy time was 4.4 min (range 0.9-51) The paced QRS interval was significantly narrower for non-apical pacing sites compared to apical pacing si 156 vs. 179 ms. p = .04, respectively. During mean follow-up of 16 months (range 0-43 months), electrical parameters remained stable. Two complications occurred, which could be resolved during the implant procedure. There were no access site related complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The jugular approach for leadless pacemaker implantation is feasible and may avoid vascular complications. It facilitates non-apical positioning of leadless pacemakers leading to a narrower paced QRS interval. The jugular approach allows for immediate post procedural ambulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520740,"journal":{"name":"Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE","volume":" ","pages":"1248-1254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33441274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endocardial ablation at the mitral valve vestibule and its surroundings for the treatment of arrhythmias linked to the greater cardiac vasculature.","authors":"Maged F Nageh, Stephen Tang","doi":"10.1111/pace.14589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pace.14589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The role of the epicardial vasculature in supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias was described in clinical studies as well as its treatment by intravascular point ablation or alcohol injection. We report on a case series of patients with different arrhythmias linked to an epicardial site of origin with evidence supporting transmural extensions that were targeted for ablation with successful outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The records of patients who has catheter ablation for Supraventricular or Ventricular arrhythmias between 2015 and 2020 was searched for patients with (1) arrhythmias linked to the epicardial vasculature and (2) findings to support an endocardial connection to the epicardial vasculature by activation mapping, pace mapping, or differential pacing, and (3) were successfully ablated via an endocardial approach only.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the data searched, we identified five patients with the following arrhythmias left ventricular summit ectopy, peri-mitral atrial flutter, preexcitation with inducible atrioventricular reentry tachycardia (AVRT), and a concealed left side accessory pathway with inducible AVRT that were linked to the following vessels: Great Cardiac vein, persistent left superior vena cava, left coronary cusp, and left ventricular outflow tract. Endocardial connections were supported by a combination of electro anatomical activation mapping, pace-mapping, and differential pacing. Endocardial ablations performed in all patients were successful without complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This report highlights a subset of patients with arrhythmias linked to the greater cardiac vascular system that can be safely and effectively ablated endocardially, given the limitations and possible complications of epicardial ablation within or in the proximity of the epicardial vasculature.</p>","PeriodicalId":520740,"journal":{"name":"Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE","volume":" ","pages":"1263-1267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33454380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruhong Jiang, Minglong Chen, Jie Fan, Fu Yi, Anli Tang, Xingpeng Liu, Wenqing Zhu, Shaowen Liu, Xiaobo Huang, Qiang Liu, Weizhu Ju, Xi Zhang, Jie Li, Jiangui He, Liang Shi, Genqing Zhou, Yuegang Wang, Guosheng Fu, Chenyang Jiang
{"title":"Efficacy of ablation index-guided pulmonary vein isolation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.","authors":"Ruhong Jiang, Minglong Chen, Jie Fan, Fu Yi, Anli Tang, Xingpeng Liu, Wenqing Zhu, Shaowen Liu, Xiaobo Huang, Qiang Liu, Weizhu Ju, Xi Zhang, Jie Li, Jiangui He, Liang Shi, Genqing Zhou, Yuegang Wang, Guosheng Fu, Chenyang Jiang","doi":"10.1111/pace.14578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pace.14578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ablation index (AI) is a novel technology of ablation lesion quality to help improve homogeneity of lesion size and continuity. In this study, we aim to evaluate whether AI-guided PVI improves clinical outcomes compared to CF-guided PVI in patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients undergoing first-time radiofrequency ablation for PAF were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to two groups: AI-guided PVI and CF-guided PVI. In the AI group, AI ≥500 was recommended at the anterior/superior/inferior walls, 350-400 at the posterior wall, and inter-lesion distance ≤4 mm. The primary endpoint is the freedom from atrial arrhythmia recurrence during 12 months follow-up, without antiarrhythmic drug therapy (ADT). The key secondary endpoints include intra-procedural efficiency and peri-procedural complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred twenty five patients were randomized (AI group [n = 149] and CF group [n = 76]). First-pass isolation rate in AI group was significantly higher than that in CF group (58.3% vs. 43.4%, p = .035). After a median follow-up of 12.2 months, 154/225 (68.4%) of patients were free from atrial arrhythmia recurrence without ADT, which was higher in AI group compared with CF group, but without significant difference (71.1% vs. 63.2%, p = .253). The incidence of peri-procedural complications is low and without difference between two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI-guided ablation provided higher acute efficacy than CF-guided ablation in PV isolation for patients with paroxysmal AF. The long-term success rate in AI group was higher than CF group, but did not reach statistical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":520740,"journal":{"name":"Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE","volume":" ","pages":"1186-1193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40610087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current understanding of atrial fibrillation recurrence after atrial fibrillation ablation: From pulmonary vein to epicardium.","authors":"Yu Lu, Paul C Zei, Chenyang Jiang","doi":"10.1111/pace.14581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pace.14581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after catheter ablation is common, with pulmonary vein (PV) reconnection considered the most likely cause. However, technologies such as contact force-sensing, irrigated catheters, and ablation index (AI)-guided ablation strategies have resulted in more durable PV isolation. As a result, it is difficult to predict which patients will develop AF recurrence despite durable PV isolation, with evolving non-PV atrial substrates thought to be a key contributor to late recurrences. Deciphering the complex mechanisms of AF recurrence beyond the cornerstone of PV isolation therefore remains challenging. Recently, there have been several important advances that may lead to better understanding and treatment of this challenging clinical entity: percutaneous epicardial access and mapping, late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LGE-MRI), improvements in high-resolution electroanatomic mapping, and new ablation energy sources, specifically pulsed-field ablation. This review aims to synthesize the current literature in an effort to better understand arrhythmia mechanisms and treatment targets in patients with AF/Atrial tachycardia (AT) recurrence post-ablation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520740,"journal":{"name":"Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE","volume":" ","pages":"1216-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40413482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hans Römers, Max Liebregts, Zeliha Koyak, Jippe C Balt
{"title":"Loss of cardiac synchronization due to automatic sense testing.","authors":"Hans Römers, Max Liebregts, Zeliha Koyak, Jippe C Balt","doi":"10.1111/pace.14574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pace.14574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the latest generation Biotronik cardiac resynchronization devices, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be inadvertently interrupted due to automatic sense testing. This issue can easily be recognized during device interrogation by the \"CRT interrupt warning.\"To avoid CRT interruption, both understanding of the algorithm and correct device programming are critical. The automatic sense testing algorithm has no built-in protection to avoid CRT interrupted pacing. When implanting this generation of devices programming needs to be adequate to avoid the occurrence of this phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":520740,"journal":{"name":"Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE","volume":" ","pages":"1085-1089"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40585763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristian Herrera, Vanesa Bruña, Jose María Barrio, Gregorio Cuerpo, Francisco Fernández-Avilés, Antonio Bayés de Luna, Manuel Martínez-Sellés
{"title":"Atrial myxoma surgery and P-wave remodeling.","authors":"Cristian Herrera, Vanesa Bruña, Jose María Barrio, Gregorio Cuerpo, Francisco Fernández-Avilés, Antonio Bayés de Luna, Manuel Martínez-Sellés","doi":"10.1111/pace.14573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pace.14573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Data regarding atrial electrocardiographic parameters in patients with atrial myxomas are scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We aimed to study atrial electrocardiographic features in patients with atrial myxomas, before and after surgery. We also analyze the incidence of atrial fibrillation during follow-up and its correlation with different P-wave indexes. In total 32 patients in sinus rhythm that underwent atrial myxoma surgery were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 55.0 ± 12.6 years and 18 (56.3%) were women. Ten patients had left atrial enlargement (31.3%). Only one myxoma was located in the right atrium. At baseline seven cases of partial interatrial block (IAB) were detected (21.9%), two in the absence of left atrial enlargement. There were significant differences in atrial electrocardiographic indexes before and after surgery, including P-wave duration (108.9 ± 17.9 ms vs. 93.0 ± 12.4 ms; p < .001), partial IAB (21.9% vs. 3.1%; p = .012) and duration of P-wave terminal force in lead V1 negativity (-0.6 ± 0.3 vs. -0.5 ± 0.3 mm; p = .034). At a mean follow-up of 10.0 ± 5.5 years, 10 patients (31.3%) had experienced at least one episode of atrial fibrillation. Post-operative P-wave duration was associated with atrial fibrillation occurrence during follow-up (Hazard ratio: 0.90, 95% confidence interval: 0.83-0.98; p = .020).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Abnormalities in atrial electrocardiographic indexes are common in atrial myxomas and frequently improve after surgery. Post-operative P-wave duration is associated with atrial fibrillation occurrence during follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":520740,"journal":{"name":"Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE","volume":" ","pages":"1160-1164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40637533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unusual response to a ventricular extrastimulus during a narrow QRS tachycardia: What is the mechanism?","authors":"Chisato Ota, Satoshi Nagase, Yuko Inoue, Koji Miyamoto, Takeshi Aiba, Kengo Kusano","doi":"10.1111/pace.14575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pace.14575","url":null,"abstract":"F IGURE 1 (A) Ventricular extrastimulus (St.) from the right ventricular apex (RVA) during the tachycardia. Abbreviations: A, atrium; CS, coronary sinus; H, His; HBE, His bundle electrogram; HRA, high right atrium tachycardia with the earliest atrial activation site of coronary sinus ostium (CSos). During the tachycardia, atrio-His andHis-atrio intervals were 138 and 180 ms, respectively. A single ventricular extrastimulus applied from the right ventricular apex (RVA) during the tachycardia is shown in Figure 1. This finding appeared with reproducibility. What is themechanism of this tachycardia?","PeriodicalId":520740,"journal":{"name":"Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE","volume":" ","pages":"1090-1091"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40641593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long-term outcome of adenosine-induced atrial fibrillation after atrial fibrillation ablation: A propensity score matching analysis.","authors":"Masayuki Ishimura, Masashi Yamamoto, Toshiharu Himi, Yoshio Kobayashi","doi":"10.1111/pace.14557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pace.14557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nonpulmonary vein (non-PV) foci, in addition to pulmonary vein (PV), are considered important in initiating atrial fibrillation (AF).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a method for inducing non-PV ectopy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study cohort consisted of 1388 patients with AF (728 with paroxysmal AF, 650 with nonparoxysmal AF) who underwent catheter ablation. To confirm dormant PV conductions and non-PV foci, 20 or 40 mg ATP was administered intravenously at the end of the procedure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ATP test induced AF in 36 of 1388 (2.6%) patients, in whom two (6%) had ectopy arising from the both atria, 15 (42%) from the right atrium (RA), and five (14%) from left atrium (LA). Because of a lack of reproducibility, the accurate location of non-PV foci was unidentified in the remaining 11 (31%) patients. Additional radiofrequency ablation to non-PV foci induced ATP administration was not performed in 34 patients. Among all 1388 patients, 64 were assigned to the ATP-AF(+) and ATP-AF(-) groups using a propensity score matching analysis (32 patients in each group). During the follow-up period, recurrent AF was observed in 9 of 32 (28%) patients in the ATP-AF(+) group and in 10 of 32 (31%) patients in the ATP-AF(-) group (log-rank p = .84, hazard ratio 0.91 [95% confidence interval 0.36-2.27]). In the univariate analysis, AF induction by ATP test was not predictive of AF recurrence (p = .78).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ATP-induced AF was not associated with AF recurrence in the distant period.</p>","PeriodicalId":520740,"journal":{"name":"Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE","volume":" ","pages":"1172-1179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40404349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jana Bertels, Laura Rottner, Christian-Hendrik Heeger, Tilman Maurer, Bruno Reissmann, Feifan Ouyang, Shibu Mathew, Peter Wohlmuth, Michael Schlüter, Karl-Heinz Kuck, Andreas Metzner, Christine Lemeš
{"title":"Acute and long-term success of left atrial anterior line and mitral isthmus line ablation in patients after mitral valve surgery.","authors":"Jana Bertels, Laura Rottner, Christian-Hendrik Heeger, Tilman Maurer, Bruno Reissmann, Feifan Ouyang, Shibu Mathew, Peter Wohlmuth, Michael Schlüter, Karl-Heinz Kuck, Andreas Metzner, Christine Lemeš","doi":"10.1111/pace.14564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pace.14564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Perimitral flutter and atrial fibrillation may occur in patients with prior surgical mitral valve (MV) repair or replacement and can be challenging for percutaneous catheter ablation. This study sought to determine the feasibility, acute success and durability of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation or atrial tachycardia by way of a mitral isthmus line (MIL) or an anterior line (AL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 81 patients (49 males, mean age 62±11 years) with prior MV replacement (n = 30) or reconstruction (n = 51) underwent creation of a MIL (34) and/or an AL (72).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acute bidirectional block of the MIL was successfully achieved in 24/34 cases and of the AL in 64/72 patients. Patients of the control group without prior MV surgery were matched 1:1 with the valve group. In the AL control subgroup, acute bidirectional block was achieved in 65/72 patients. Acute blockage in the MIL control subgroup could be achieved in 31/34 patients. The MIL valve subgroup showed the worst results in terms of durability, whereas a similar trend emerged in the control group and the AL valve subgroup (probability of failure in MIL valve subgroup 2.224 vs. MIL control subgroup 0.605 [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.11-0.65), P = .004]; probability of failure in AL valve subgroup 0.844 vs. AL control subgroup 1.03 [HR = 1.22 (95% CI, 0.66-2.26), P = .523]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Percutaneous creation of MIL and AL is feasible and safe in patients with prior MV replacement/repair and associated with moderate acute and long-term success rates to achieve bidirectional block.</p>","PeriodicalId":520740,"journal":{"name":"Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE","volume":" ","pages":"1024-1031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40498821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abbasin Zegard, Osita Okafor, William Moody, Howard Marshall, Tian Qiu, Berthold Stegemann, Roger Beadle, Francisco Leyva
{"title":"Right ventricular function and long-term clinical outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy: A cardiovascular magnetic resonance study.","authors":"Abbasin Zegard, Osita Okafor, William Moody, Howard Marshall, Tian Qiu, Berthold Stegemann, Roger Beadle, Francisco Leyva","doi":"10.1111/pace.14572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pace.14572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction has been linked to a poor response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We sought to determine whether cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived measures of RV function influence clinical outcomes after CRT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, we used CMR to assess pre-implant RV volumes and RV ejection fraction (RVEF) in relation to clinical outcomes after CRT implantation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 243 patients (age: 70.3 ± 10.8 years [mean ± SD]; 68.7% male; 121 [49.8%]) with ischemic cardiomyopathy and 122 (50.2%) with nonischemic cardiomyopathy, 141 (58%) after CRT-defibrillation (CRT-D) and 102 (42%) after CRT-pacing (CRT-P), 101 (41.6.0%) patients died, 61 (25.1%) from cardiac causes and 24 (9.88%) from noncardiac causes, over 5.87 years (median; interquartile range: 4.35-7.73). Two (0.82%) patients underwent cardiac transplantation and four (1.64%) had a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). A total of 41 (16.9%) met the composite endpoint of sudden cardiac death (SCD), ventricular tachycardia, or ventricular fibrillation. In univariate analyses, no measure of RV function was associated with total mortality or the arrhythmic endpoint. RVEF was associated with cardiac mortality on univariate analyses (HR per 10%: 0.82, 95% CI 0.70-0.96), but not on multivariate analyses that included left ventricular ejection fraction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is no relationship between measures of RV function, such as RV volumes and RVEF, and the long-term clinical outcome of CRT. These findings indicate that such measures should not be considered in patient selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":520740,"journal":{"name":"Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE","volume":" ","pages":"1075-1084"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40555083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}