Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry最新文献

{"title":"Case series: A possible association of relative peripheral refraction and lattice degeneration in patients with high myopia.","authors":"Megha Antony, Brijesh Takkar, Ritesh Narula, Pavan K Verkicharla","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70019","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ovs2.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This case series aims to assess the potential relationship between relative peripheral hyperopia and the presence of lattice degeneration in individuals with myopia.</p><p><strong>Case reports: </strong>We present three cases of individuals with high myopia, aged 11 and 52 years, who were diagnosed with lattice degeneration. The areas of relative peripheral hyperopia were found to correlate with the quadratic location of lattice degeneration lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These observations suggest a potential association between relative peripheral refraction and the development of lattice degeneration in the retina. Relative peripheral hyperopia may serve as a potential marker to detect early pathological changes associated with myopia, particularly lattice degeneration. Longitudinal studies are warranted to validate these findings and further explore their clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 3","pages":"e70019"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interocular mismatches of high-order wavefront aberrations impair stereoacuity following refractive surgeries by reducing the disparity signal quality.","authors":"Jingyi Tang, Shrikant R Bharadwaj, Clifton M Schor, Samrat Sarkar, Pravin K Vaddavalli, Sangeetha Metlapally","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ovs2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>(1) To investigate if binocular cross-correlation metrics derived from the aberrated monocular retinal images can explain the deterioration of stereoacuity following keratorefractive surgeries. (2) To investigate if the quality of binocular metrics improves with improved monocular retinal image quality and pupil miosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>High-order aberrations (HOAs) were obtained over 6 mm pupil diameter from 99 young adults undergoing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) (n = 26), laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) (n = 38), and ReLEx small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE; n = 35) for myopia correction. Point spread functions derived from HOAs were convolved with random-dot stereo pairs and cross-correlated to obtain four binocular metrics-signal width, signal height, signal-to-noise ratio, and height-to-width ratio-that signified the quality of the disparity signal. These metrics were derived pre-operatively and at 1-week, 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month after surgeries, and correlated with the subject's stereoacuity for 6 mm pupil diameters. Binocular metrics were also derived for 4 mm pupil diameters and compared with the 6 mm data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Larger interocular differences in retinal image quality led to reduced disparity signal quality and less optimal values of the binocular metrics. These trends were strongly correlated with the subject's stereoacuity across refractive surgeries (ρ ≥ 0.71; p < 0.001). Relative to pre-operative values, post-operative metrics worsened at 1-week followed by a recovery period (p < 0.001). All post-operative metrics for PRK and LASIK surgeries were similar (p ≥ 0.67), but worse than SMILE surgery (p < 0.001). The binocular metrics derived for the 4 mm pupil diameters were superior to those of the 6 mm pupil diameters (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Binocular cross-correlation metrics derived from the aberrated monocular retinal images signify the strength of the disparity signal, and capture much of the stereoacuity losses following keratorefractive surgeries for myopia. Binocularity may be better preserved after SMILE surgery owing to the smaller interocular mismatches in optical quality, relative to PRK and LASIK surgeries for comparable pupil diameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 3","pages":"e70021"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioptic driving: Historical milestones, current landscape, and future directions.","authors":"Rebecca A Deffler, Thomas W Raasch, Bradley E Dougherty","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ovs2.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A bioptic telescope is a small telescope mounted in the upper portion of a pair of eyeglasses that, when used for driving, allows a driver with central vision loss to briefly spot through the telescope to gain a magnified view of the roadway scene ahead. This paper summarizes the various ways bioptic driving has been studied, provides an update on bioptic driving research, and suggests future areas of work related to bioptic drivers. As the number of jurisdictions permitting bioptic driving increases, this review provides context regarding the history of bioptic driving, characteristics of bioptic drivers, and the safety of these drivers with vision impairment. Recent research has incorporated naturalistic recording methods that allow for study of specific safety events, the measurement of collision and near collision behavior on open roads, and adjustment for driving exposure in ways not previously possible. Still, studies of bioptic driving safety have been limited to North America, and small sample sizes and inadequate control groups remain challenges to interpretation, and more work should be done to determine what characteristics of bioptic drivers and other factors are related to safety. Suggestions for future research include study of the effects of newer advanced driver assistance systems on bioptic driving and development of evidence-based training programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 3","pages":"e70022"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflex maintenance of vergence eye alignment to small natural images is at risk for adults and young children.","authors":"Alyssa Bentz, Clara Mestre, Bhagya L Marella, T Rowan Candy","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ovs2.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Typical human adults make reflex eye movements and computations to support stable binocular vision in milliseconds. The current project was designed to determine the impact of visual field extent on reflex vergence performance of adults and six- to eight-year-old children for images of natural scenes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two typical adults (23-55 years) and 12 typical six- to eight-year-old children were presented with dichoptic natural scenes in continuous tracking and step disparity formats while vergence realignment responses were recorded. The images had radii varying from 1° to 16° and either moved smoothly at random disparity velocities (≥30 s) or stepped in disparity to 0-6° in 1.5 s trials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Peak correlations and latencies between stimulus and vergence velocities were computed for continuous tracking trials, and response amplitudes after 1.25 s were computed for step trials. Continuous tracking responses of both adults and children were unaffected by reductions in image radii from 16° to 3°, but their vergence response amplitudes to step changes and the range of disparities over which a stimulus-driven response was generated decreased with decrease in stimulus radius. The participants moved to their dissociated heterophoria position for disparity stimuli that exceeded their reflex vergence response range for these limited duration stimuli.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with peripheral visual field loss needing to align their eyes to a new depth plane and patients provided with virtual binocular images in clinical therapy or assistive devices must use disparity over a limited field extent to realign their eyes. Performance to natural image content here suggests that reflex maintenance of eye alignment is at risk for moderate disparities when the stimulus radius falls below approximately eight degrees. This is of particular concern for patients with limited binocular function resulting from amblyopia or strabismus, for example.</p>","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 2","pages":"e70031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147611574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular misalignment and unmet eye care needs among students with special education needs in Hong Kong.","authors":"Kin Hei Lau, Kin Wan, Tsz Wing Leung","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ovs2.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the prevalence of ocular misalignment among students with special educational needs (SEN) in Hong Kong and to investigate their access to eye care services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2023 and 2024 in three special education schools. Students with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities received vision screenings evaluating ocular alignment, visual acuity, and stereopsis. A questionnaire collected data on eye care history, caregiver awareness of vision problems, and access to financial support of eye care services.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 334 students (mean age 13.5 ± 5.0 years; 73.7% male) participated. The prevalence of tropia (strabismus) was 8.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.6%-11.5%), with exotropia being the predominant type (6.3%). Clinically significant phoria was present in 10.5% (95% CI: 7.6%-14.3%). Tropia was associated with significantly worse visual acuity (p < 0.01) and stereoacuity (p < 0.01) compared to phoria and orthophoria. Alarmingly, major gaps in care were identified: 24% of students with tropia had never received a vision assessment, and 32% of their caregivers were unaware or unsure of their child's condition. Although vision screenings were the most common source of care, 80.6% of families reported receiving no financial support for comprehensive eye examinations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Strabismus is common and functionally impactful in Hong Kong students with SEN, yet significant systemic barriers, including limited caregiver awareness and inadequate support, prevent access to essential care. These findings highlight an urgent need for public health reforms, including the implementation of integrated, 'closed-loop' referral systems and enhanced collaboration across health and education sectors, linking schools with eye care providers, to ensure timely and equitable eye care for this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 2","pages":"e70026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147611457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test-retest reliability of clinical accommodative measures in adolescents.","authors":"Angela M Chen, Chris Koutures, Loraine T Sinnott, Ann Morrison, Carissa Wu, Caitlyn Lew, Matthew Vaughn, Emily K Wiecek, Mitchell Scheiman, Lisa A Jordan, Tawna L Roberts","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ovs2.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine long-term (3 months) test-retest reliability of accommodative testing in adolescents with normal accommodative amplitude.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants aged 12 years to <17.5 years with normal accommodative amplitude (minimum of 11 diopters [D]) and binocular vision were enrolled. Three trials of monocular accommodative amplitude using the push-up method and one trial of monocular accommodative facility with ±2.00 D flipper lenses were performed at the initial and 90-day retest visits. Bland-Altman analyses of within-participant differences between initial and 90-day retest visits were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-three participants (mean age 14.3 ± 1.6 years; 51% female) were enrolled, and 91 of 93 (98%) participants completed both visits. At the initial visit, the mean accommodative amplitude was 13.95 D and 14.32 D in the right and left eyes, respectively, and the mean accommodative facility was 10.16 and 10.19 cycles per minute (cpm) in the right and left eyes, respectively. Although no significant difference was observed in accommodative amplitude between the initial and retest visits, a significant but clinically small difference was observed in facility. The 95% limits of agreement were large for amplitude (right eye -3.96 to 3.63 D and left eye -4.92 to 4.13 D), particularly in those with initial amplitude exceeding 14 D, and for facility (right eye -6.43 to 9.44 cpm and left eye -7.54 to 10.8 cpm).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In adolescents with normal accommodative amplitude and binocular vision, test-retest differences in accommodative amplitude and facility were small; however, the variability was high, especially for accommodative facility.</p>","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 2","pages":"e70012"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and accuracy of school-led vision screening in primary and secondary school students within the United Kingdom.","authors":"Cheralynn Saunders, Christopher J Davey, Neema Ghorbani-Mojarrad, Brendan T Barrett","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ovs2.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Vision screening occurs once in United Kingdom (UK) children on school entry, but has recently been withdrawn in some areas. Consequently, significant refractive error and/or vision problems may go undetected. School-led vision checking, where school staff assess vision, is increasingly advocated by the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness. This study investigates the accuracy of school-led vision checking in UK school students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>School personnel were trained to conduct vision checks on their students. These involved external observation of the eyes for obvious abnormalities, as well as monocular distance (3 m) and near vision assessments (33 cm), equivalent to 0.2 logMAR. Equipment required to complete the checks was provided to schools. Optometrists repeated the assessments on average within 3 weeks to determine the accuracy of the school-led checks. Failure criteria were habitual vision >0.20 logMAR (<4 of 5 letters correct) in one or both eyes, at distance or near, and/or the presence of any ocular abnormality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One thousand and one children (45.7% female) from eight primary (6-8 years n = 233) and three secondary (11-13 years n = 768) schools participated. Overall sensitivity and specificity of distance vision and ocular abnormality checks were 87.2% and 88.9%, respectively. Corresponding values for sensitivity and specificity were 95.8% and 88.1% for primary schoolchildren and 84.3% and 89.2% for secondary schoolchildren. High negative predictive values in both primary (99.3%) and secondary (97.4%) schools indicate school staff correctly identified most children with distance vision problems. With near vision results included, sensitivity and specificity reduced to 80.6% and 82.2%, respectively, in the whole cohort (87.1% and 83.2% in primary schoolchildren and 78.5% and 81.6% for secondary schoolchildren) because of an increase in false positives.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The vision screening assessment battery utilized within this study requires refinement; however, school-led vision screening is feasible and can correctly identify UK school children with and without vision problems with sensitivity and specificity of >80%.</p>","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 2","pages":"e70020"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147611163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: The limitations of centile curves for evaluating myopic eye growth.","authors":"Daniel Ian Flitcroft, Gareth Lingham, Sander Kneepkens, Jan Roelof Polling, Caroline Klaver, James Loughman","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ovs2.70034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 2","pages":"e70034"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of peripheral refractive correction on retinal sensitivity in phakic and pseudophakic glaucoma patients and healthy subjects.","authors":"Catarina A R João, Lorenzo Scanferla, Nomdo M Jansonius","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ovs2.70033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 2","pages":"e70033"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147611140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delays in publication of 2026 papers.","authors":"David B Elliott","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ovs2.70056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 2","pages":"e70056"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147725487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}