Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry最新文献

{"title":"Radioactive lysozyme deposition on rigid corneal lenses with or without use of a contact lens care solution.","authors":"Alex Hui, Miriam Heynen, Parisa Mirzapour, Daryl Enstone, Melanie George, William Ngo, Lyndon Jones","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ovs2.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the quantity of radioactive lysozyme deposited on various rigid corneal lenses, and the impact of using a care solution containing a surfactant.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven rigid corneal lens materials were investigated in this study. Lenses were soaked in an artificial tear solution (ATS), containing, among other components, radioactively labelled ¹²⁵I-lysozyme, for 18 h at 37°C, followed by a soak for 6 h in saline. Alternatively, a one-step peroxide-based disinfection solution, which contains a poloxamer as a surfactant, was used in place of saline to determine the impact of use of a care solution on deposition. This process of soaking in the ATS followed by soaking in saline or the care solution was repeated for 30 cycles to simulate one month of lens wear. The amount of radioactive lysozyme remaining on the different lenses after 30 cycles was then quantified through gamma radiation counts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Use of radioactively labelled ¹²⁵I-lysozyme allowed for quantification of protein down to 0.19 μg/lens. Five of the seven contact lens materials tested showed a significant reduction in the amount of radioactive lysozyme remaining after using the care solution (range 1.33 ± 0.11-2.47 ± 0.13 μg/lens) compared to if only saline was used (range 1.25 ± 0.18-3.21 ± 0.66 μg/lens) after 30 simulated cycles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The small amounts of lysozyme deposited on rigid contact lenses can be quantified using radioactively labelled ¹²⁵I-lysozyme. Use of a care solution leads to lower amounts of lysozyme remaining on the lenses compared to saline, however, some lysozyme still remains and is not removed.</p>","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 10","pages":"e70108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing the need for improved safety monitoring of red light therapy for myopia control in children.","authors":"Sandra Wagner, Linda Lundström, Christine F Wildsoet","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ovs2.70109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 10","pages":"e70109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual difficulty with internet-enabled devices among older adults with low vision.","authors":"Alexis G Malkin, Micaela Gobeille, Nicole C Ross, John E Kaminski, Jeffrey Ho, John D Shepherd, Kayla E Gan, Patrick D Yoshinaga, Ashley Deemer, Ava K Bittner","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ovs2.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Vision rehabilitation practitioners provide support for visual difficulty with internet devices by prescribing optical aids and/or help with accessibility features (e.g., enlarged text or enhanced contrast), but it is unknown which patients continue to experience significant difficulty with various internet devices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical trial participants who received training with magnification devices or visual assistive applications (apps) (n = 231; ages 55+ with mean distance visual acuity [VA] 0.64 logMAR; range 0-2 logMAR) self-reported which internet-enabled devices they had upon enrollment, their level of visual difficulty with them, and use of accessibility features. These factors were analyzed in relation to visual and demographic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At enrollment, the vast majority had a smartphone (90.5%), and 82% of them used smartphone accessibility features, but 68% self-reported moderate or extreme visual difficulty with smartphones. Odds of moderate or extreme visual difficulty with smartphones were significantly greater for those who did not use accessibility features (OR 3.0; p = 0.03) or had worse VA (OR 6.0; p < 0.001). Increased age was associated with significantly reduced odds of using smartphone accessibility features (OR 0.94; p = 0.008), whereas better cognitive status was associated with significantly greater odds of using smartphone accessibility features (OR 1.13; p = 0.003). Less than half (42%) had a desktop computer, and the majority of them (67%) reported visual difficulty with desktop computers. Odds of moderate or extreme visual difficulty with desktop computers were significantly greater for those who self-reported worse vision over the past year (OR 4.2; p = 0.004). For comparisons of subjects with two types of internet devices, significantly fewer people reported moderate or extreme visual difficulty with tablets (38%-45%) than with smartphones (66%), laptops (69%), or desktop computers (64%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Moderate to extreme visual difficulty with internet devices was commonly reported by older adults with magnification devices or visual assistive apps, especially for those with worse vision, which could be addressed with novel intervention development and/or vision rehabilitation to help with device accessibility features.</p>","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 10","pages":"e70103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should we measure repeatability, reliability, or reproducibility with correlation coefficients?","authors":"David B Elliott","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ovs2.70111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 10","pages":"e70111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149187736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macular microvascular assessment in glaucoma: Tool output comparison and intersession reliability.","authors":"Kowsigan Magesan, Vanessa T S Tang, Siavash Salmanzadeh, William H Morgan, Geoffrey Chan, Allison M McKendrick","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ovs2.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare outputs and evaluate the intersession reliability of macular vascular metrics from the Erlangen-Angio (EA)-tool and the optical coherence tomography angiography vascular analyser (OCTAVA) Tool in glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-three participants with open-angle glaucoma from the Individualised Perimetry Progression Observations in Glaucoma study were included. Macular 10° × 10° OCTA scans from the first two visits (113 ± 26 days apart) and central visual field sensitivities from the first visit were analyzed. Macular vessel density (VD) in four sectors (superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, and circularity were quantified using the EA and OCTAVA tools using the same set of OCTA images. Linear mixed-effects models assessed tool-related differences across sectors and visits; reliability was assessed with repeatability coefficient (CRw), intraclass correlation (ICC), and coefficient of variation (CV); and linear regression examined associations between central visual field sensitivity and average VD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OCTAVA reported higher VD estimates than the EA-tool overall, with a mean difference of 8.42% (p < 0.001). The CRw values for sectoral VD and FAZ metrics ranged from 0.09 to 7.65 for EA and 0.11-9.53 for OCTAVA, with overlapping ICC confidence intervals and comparable CV values between the two tools. Higher average VD was associated with better central visual field sensitivity (EA: β = 0.38; OCTAVA: β = 0.57; p < 0.001), where β denotes the regression coefficient.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OCTAVA consistently produced higher VD estimates than EA across macular sectors. VD showed good repeatability and strong structure-function associations, supporting its use for longitudinal monitoring. FAZ area demonstrated acceptable reliability. In contrast, FAZ circularity did not meet reliability criteria and should not be used for progression assessment with either tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 10","pages":"e70099"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149208446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interocular symmetry of ocular rigidity and related ocular parameters in isometropia.","authors":"Jonathan Medina-Cornejo, Kelly Lam, Yasaman Adel, Nimesh B Patel, Diane N Sayah","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ovs2.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Driven by scleral stiffness, ocular rigidity (OR) is emerging as a critical factor in refractive development. Although a common assumption is that OR is symmetric in a healthy individual's eyes, empirical data remains scarce. This study directly tests this assumption by quantifying intereye OR differences in healthy, isometropic subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Isometropia was defined as intereye differences in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of <0.50 diopters (D) and axial length (AL) of <0.15 mm. OR was measured using a validated method based on video-rate optical coherence tomography imaging and dynamic contour tonometry. A neural network approach was used to segment the choroid and obtain the pulsatile choroidal thickness (CT) and the volume (ΔV) change. OR was estimated based on Friedenwald's pressure-volume relationship using the ΔV and the ocular pulse amplitude. In addition to OR, other acquired measurements included the aqueous depth (AD), central corneal thickness, Pascal intraocular pressure (IOP), Goldmann-correlated IOP, corneal-compensated IOP, corneal hysteresis, and corneal resistance factor (CRF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-six subjects aged 17 ± 6 years were enrolled, 33% of whom had isomyopia. Mean (SD) SER was -0.69 (1.48) D in OD and -0.68 (1.41) D in OS (p = 0.88), and mean AL was 23.79 (0.94) mm in OD and 23.78 (0.94) mm in OS (p = 0.36). No difference in OR was found between the right 0.017 (0.011)/μL and left 0.018 (0.012)/μL eyes (p = 0.74; mean difference = -0.0003/μL). No significant intereye differences were observed for most parameters, although right eyes had slightly higher values for AD (0.03 mm, p < 0.001), CRF (0.3 mmHg, p = 0.006), and subfoveal CT (11.5 μm, p = 0.010).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings primarily show that OR displays strong interocular symmetry in healthy individuals with isometropia. Establishing normative symmetry of OR in living human eyes lays the groundwork for the biomechanical basis of refractive development and myopia, indicating that intereye differences in OR may reflect pathological change.</p>","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 10","pages":"e70107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient ocular effects of common near tasks in children.","authors":"Mays Salman, Manoj K Manoharan, Lisa A Ostrin","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70101","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ovs2.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To quantify transient changes in axial length and choroidal thickness in children after near work and determine whether responses differ between printed and digital tasks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective, randomized, crossover study, 26 children, ages 13.2 ± 2.2 years (16 nonmyopes, 10 myopes) completed two 30-min near tasks at 20 cm, reading printed text and digital viewing, separated by a 30-min distance-viewing interval. Axial length (LenStar) and choroidal thickness (optical coherence tomography, Spectralis) were measured at baseline and after 10, 20, and 30 min of each task. Accommodative stimulus response functions (2-5 D) were measured objectively. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following near work, axial length demonstrated a significant increase (p < 0.001), evident after 10 min and sustained through 30 min, independent of task type and with no differences between refractive groups. For choroidal thickness, there was no main effect of time or refractive group, but a significant main effect of task (p = 0.002), with 3 ± 1 μm more thinning following the printed task than the digital task. Furthermore, post hoc analysis showed a significant decrease of -3 ± 1 μm after 10 min of near work (p = 0.03). Myopic children showed a greater lag in the stimulus response function (p < 0.03), with a significant difference at 2 and 5 D.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Near work induced acute axial elongation and choroidal thinning in children, detectable within 10 min. Responses were similar between printed and digital tasks. This study adds to growing evidence that visual behavior may influence early ocular growth signals relevant to myopia development.</p>","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 10","pages":"e70101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual function and symptom provocation in children and young adults with vestibular disorders: A prospective controlled study.","authors":"Alice Yun, Carissa Wu, Sophia Marusic, Neerali Vyas, Megan Herlihy, Jacob R Brodsky, Aparna Raghuram","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70094","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ovs2.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To understand if visual function tests with moving stimuli were harder to process and caused more symptom provocation in persistent postural perceptual dizziness (PPPD) patients compared with those with other vestibular diagnoses or without any vestibular symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>61 patients aged 8-23 years participated in a prospective study with three groups: PPPD (n = 21); at least one vestibular disorder without PPPD (n = 20); control-without vestibular or vision symptoms (n = 20). Subjects underwent visual function tests with moving stimuli: near point of convergence (NPC), amplitude of accommodation (AA), radial (r), and translational (t) motion coherence (MC). Somatic (headache, dizziness, nausea, fogginess) and eye symptom provocation (eyestrain, eye discomfort, pressure around the eyes) were assessed at baseline and after each visual function test using a Likert scale. Chi-squared tests compared rates of failure and Kruskal-Wallis tests compared measures between groups. Symptom provocation between groups and baseline versus postvisual function tests were compared using one-way ANCOVA and two-way repeated measures ANOVA, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with PPPD (median 10.0 Diopters (D) IQR [8.8-11.6]) had the lowest mean AA measures relative to those with other vestibular disorders (median 13.3D IQR [10.4-15.8], p = 0.01) and controls (median 13.5D IQR [12.2-17.0], p < 0.001). Between groups, somatic symptom provocation of PPPD patients was significantly higher than those with other vestibular disorders and control groups at baseline and following each visual function test (p < 0.05). Only patients with PPPD demonstrated consistently elevated eye symptom provocation following each visual function test (NPC mean difference [MD] = 4.1, 95% CI 2.4-5.8, p < 0.001; AA MD = 3.5, 95% CI 1.6-5.3, p < 0.001; rMC MD = 5.0, 95% CI 3.2-6.8, p < 0.001; tMC MD = 5.3, 95% CI 3.3-7.3, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with PPPD had significantly lower AA and considerably elevated eye symptom provocation at baseline and after visual function tests compared to those with other vestibular disorders and controls. These findings may improve understanding of the pathophysiology of PPPD and its effective diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 9","pages":"e70094"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148836017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slowing of myopia progression by spectacles with highly aspherical lenslets-A narrative review.","authors":"Olga Prenat, Mark A Bullimore","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70096","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ovs2.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>A new generation of myopia control spectacles has emerged, including spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslet technology (HAL lenses). To date, HAL lenses have only been thoroughly evaluated in a single site randomized clinical trial in China and a recently published, multicenter, North American clinical trial. The goal of this review is to explore and summarize additional studies of HAL lenses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search of both PubMed and Scopus was conducted in December 2025 using the terms: (myopi*) AND (child* OR adolescen*) AND (aspherical lenslets OR Stellest OR high aspherical lenticule). All abstracts were reviewed and, when appropriate and available, full papers were evaluated. Data extracted included study duration, mean age, mean myopia progression, and mean axial elongation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 78 papers identified that discuss HAL lenses, many reported vision or choroidal changes, or were review articles. Overall, 26 independent studies reported myopia progression, axial elongation, or both for children wearing HAL lenses for at least 6 months, of which 17 were conducted in China. Collectively, the 26 papers report data on 4079 children wearing HAL lenses and all but two report axial length data. There were four randomized clinical trials, six prospective studies, and 16 retrospective studies. Eleven studies included a single vision comparison group, eight compared HAL lens wearers to children wearing other myopia control spectacles, 10 compared HAL lenses to overnight orthokeratology, and five studies reported on HAL lenses used in combination with atropine. All mean axial elongations values for children wearing HAL lenses were below those for untreated children. Among studies with a single vision comparison group (mean age 10.2 years), median 1-year axial elongation for HAL wearers was 0.12 mm compared with 0.32 mm in the single vision group. Among studies comparing HAL lenses to overnight orthokeratology, six showed slower axial elongation for HAL lenses in at least one subgroup. Atropine increased the effectiveness of HAL lenses and vice versa.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regardless of study design and location, evidence suggests that axial elongation in children wearing HAL lenses is lower than those wearing single vision lenses.</p>","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 9","pages":"e70096"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148907943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Compensation for axial elongation during multifocal soft contact lens wear: Results from the BLINK study\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ovs2.70104","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ovs2.70104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520732,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry","volume":"103 9","pages":"e70104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149013542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}