Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition最新文献

{"title":"Cognitive reserve and resilience as protective factors against physical health issues, anxiety and stress in older adults.","authors":"Giulia Picciotto, Lucia Natolo, Rosa Angela Fabio","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2026.2745811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2026.2745811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is associated with physical, cognitive, and emotional changes, with substantial interindividual variability in mental and physical health outcomes. This study investigates the role of cognitive reserve (CR) and resilience as protective factors against perceived stress, anxiety, and physical health issues (PHI) in older adults. CR was operationalized using the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq), treated as a lifestyle-based proxy of the neural construct. A total of 108 participants (aged 65-87 years) completed standardized assessments: CRIq, Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y2), PHI scale, and Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS). Data were analyzed using multiple linear regressions and moderation models. Higher CRIq scores were associated with lower exposure to stressful life events, lower anxiety, and fewer PHI. Resilience moderated these associations, particularly those between CRIq and exposure to stressful life events and anxiety. These findings indicate that lifestyle-based CR proxies (CRIq) and resilience appear to act synergistically to support psychological and physical well-being in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":520721,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metacognition and executive functioning as predictors of functional independence in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review with bibliometric mapping.","authors":"Daniel Landinez Martinez, Diana Marcela Montoya Londoño, Antonio Partida Gutierrez de Blume","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2026.2727870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2026.2727870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional independence in older adulthood requires cognitive capacity and the ability to monitor, regulate, and adapt behavior in everyday contexts. To synthesize evidence on associations between executive-function and metacognitive or self-regulatory processes and functional independence in cognitively healthy, community-dwelling older adults, and to use bibliometric mapping as a secondary method to examine whether these research traditions have developed in an integrated or fragmented manner. A PRISMA 2020 systematic review with secondary bibliometric mapping was conducted. Forty studies were charted; after an eligibility and measurement-classification re-audit, 30 were retained in the core synthesis. Study characteristics, constructs, outcomes, and assessment modalities were extracted. Five studies contributed executive-function evidence without a metacognitive or self-regulatory measure, 16 examined executive functioning with a metacognitive or self-regulatory indicator, and nine examined executive functioning alongside an adjacent functional-cognitive construct. No study examined a metacognitive or self-regulatory predictor without an executive-function measure. Executive-function measures were frequently associated with instrumental activities of daily living, functional capacity, everyday cognition, adherence, and simulated everyday-task outcomes. Metacognitive and self-regulatory evidence was smaller and more heterogeneous, involving self-appraisal, awareness, error monitoring, checking behavior, and strategy use. Evidence was predominantly cross-sectional and associative. Bibliometric mapping indicated partially separate intellectual traditions. Executive functioning is the more consistently studied correlate of functional independence in healthy aging. Metacognitive and self-regulatory processes may contribute to functional adaptation, but their independent contribution remains insufficiently established. Future longitudinal, experimental, and multimodal research should integrate executive-function assessment, direct metacognitive measures, contextual determinants, and everyday-life functional outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":520721,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148892644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural encoding of symbolic, non-symbolic, and embodied non-symbolic numerical information in young and older adults.","authors":"Beniamina Mercante, Federico Zorzi, Carla Meloni, Rachele Fanari, Franco Delogu, Paolo Enrico","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2026.2719436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2026.2719436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numeracy has important implications across the lifespan, and age-related decline in this ability represents a vulnerability factor for older adults in managing everyday tasks, yet its mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study employed a parity judgment task to examine age-related differences in basic numerical representation in younger and older adults using three stimulus types: Arabic digits (symbolic), dot arrays (non-symbolic), and finger configurations (embodied non-symbolic), to capture the multiple representational formats supporting numeracy. Sixty healthy participants (31 young adults, 25.3 ± 4.83 years; 29 older adults, 69.8 ± 4.53 years) completed the task while EEG was recorded. Response latency and accuracy were measured, and neural correlates of numerical processing were analyzed, focusing on P1 and N1 components at parieto-occipital sites. Multivariate pattern analysis assessed differences in EEG responses across numerical formats. Accuracy was high and did not differ reliably by age or stimulus type, whereas reaction times were influenced by both age and stimulus type. Early ERP components were sensitive to stimulus format, with dot arrays eliciting longer N1 latency and lower P1 amplitude. Age further prolonged N1 latency and interacted with stimulus format on N1 amplitude, with reduced responses to finger configurations in young adults. MVPA analyses showed that the neural correlates supporting symbolic, non-symbolic, and embodied non-symbolic numerical representations are distinct, suggesting reliance on separate neural processes. Overall, this study offers a comprehensive account of how different forms of numerical information are represented in the aging brain, highlighting the multifaceted and age-sensitive nature of numerical reasoning.</p>","PeriodicalId":520721,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148805317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive control supports memory performance via internal strategy use in aging.","authors":"Coline Grégoire, Lina Guerrero, Laurence Taconnat","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2026.2691118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2026.2691118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Control processes can be considered a cognitive resource that supports efficient memory functioning. They are primarily involved in the strategic aspects of memory. In the present study, we aimed to examine the role of both control processes and strategy use in the memory performance of older adults. More specifically, we sought to determine whether the influence of control processes on memory performance is better explained by a mediation or a moderation model involving strategy use. To precisely determine whether this relationship is better explained by a mediator or a moderator model, we used the precision and robustness of Bayesian process modeling to better understand these effects. We tested over 92 participants with cognitive control tasks (Stroop, 2-back), a metamemory questionnaire (MIA), and an episodic recall task. Bayesian analyses indicated that the mediation model provided the best fit to explain the contribution of internal strategy use to the relationship between control processes and memory performance. These findings suggest that control strategy use constitutes a key functional component linking cognitive control to memory outcomes. Overall, the results highlight the importance of cognitive control in supporting effective memory strategy use and suggest that interventions targeting cognitive control may help improve memory performance in aging populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":520721,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-cultural differences in social and self-referential memory are magnified with age.","authors":"Iva Dujmic, Isu Cho, Angela Gutchess, Yu-Ling Chang","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2026.2691113","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2026.2691113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social content and thinking about information in relation to the self may attenuate age-related declines in associative memory. However, it's unclear whether these strategies are similarly effective across cultures due to potential differences in the prioritization of social and self-relevant information. The present study compared Taiwanese and American younger and older adults on associative memory for social information across two encoding conditions. Specifically, they related object-scene image pairs containing varying levels of social information (i.e. none, low and high) to themselves (i.e. self-referencing) or to a distant-other (i.e. other-referencing). We replicated a prior finding in a new sample of Taiwanese participants in which other-referencing (vs self-referencing) enhanced older adults' memory for high social trials, relative to younger adults. In contrast, this pattern did not emerge for Americans; older American participants' memory performance was relatively consistent across self- vs. other-referencing and the level of social information, and there was no interaction with age. These findings suggest that cultural differences in memory for high social (relative to low and nonsocial) information emerge for older, but not younger, adults, particularly when participants are asked to think about another person. Therefore, culture may influence the effectiveness of strategies to reduce age-related associative memory impairments.</p>","PeriodicalId":520721,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13333165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148285093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Counterfactual thinking and Aging: the role of executive function.","authors":"Clare R Walsh, Catherine Deeprose, Raluca Briazu, Alison M Bacon","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2026.2689110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2026.2689110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People frequently think about how events in the past might have happened differently and these thoughts play a central role in their cognitive, emotional and social functioning. Our study examined how these processes change with age. A group of 56 younger (mean age 22.34) and 50 older (mean age 71.96) adults completed tasks measuring the spontaneous generation of counterfactual thoughts, the generation of counterfactual thoughts when cued and the Counterfactual Inference Test which taps into the ease with which salient counterfactual thoughts come to mind. They also completed a Counterfactual Seeking Task to measure their motivation to seek out counterfactual outcomes of unchosen events. In addition, participants completed measures of executive functioning and working memory capacity. Older adults generated fewer counterfactual thoughts across all measures and were marginally less likely to seek counterfactual information. Our performance measures of counterfactual thinking were independent suggesting that they tap into different processes. Age related changes in executive functioning were associated with a reduction in cued counterfactual thinking but not with our other measures of counterfactual thinking which may be more automatic. The results have important implications for cognition, emotion and well-being in older age.</p>","PeriodicalId":520721,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148274520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Popular songs evoke autobiographical memories in younger and older adults: specifying the source.","authors":"Khalil Husein, Myra Fernandes","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2026.2687482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2026.2687482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Music holds a unique capacity to involuntarily and rapidly evoke autobiographical memories (AMs), yet the source of its cueing ability is unspecified. It is also unclear how well music continues to serve as a memory cue across the lifespan. In experiment 1, we examined what components of music are most beneficial in evoking AMs. Young adults (<i>M</i>_age = 19.13) were presented with 24 short 15-sec clips of popular songs from their youth as memory cues that were either unmodified, instrumental versions, lyrics-only, or a visual presentation of the song and artist name, intermixed within subjects. If they experienced a memory, they wrote a description of it. Unmodified song clips were most effective at evoking memories, and the number recalled was enhanced in those high in trait music-related reward sensitivity. Given the powerful cueing effect of music on AMs, in experiment 2, we examined whether the findings would generalize to an older adult population and whether music could serve to reduce age-related episodic memory deficits. Strikingly, song cues evoked more AMs in older than in younger adults. In both experiments, we observed a temporal alignment between the year of popularity of the song cue and the time frame of the evoked memory. We propose that songs are particularly effective memory cues because they set a temporal context, constraining the search for AMs to a specific point in time and facilitating access. Songs are powerful memory cues, particularly for older adults who may have difficulty spontaneously recreating context.</p>","PeriodicalId":520721,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148255549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Executive-linguistic coordination in aging: the impact of education on alternating and constrained verbal fluency.","authors":"Joël Macoir, Carol Hudon","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2026.2662239","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2026.2662239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Verbal fluency tasks provide a sensitive measure of lexical retrieval and executive control. Beyond classical semantic and phonemic paradigms, complex variants such as the Alternating Fluency Task (EAF) and the Orthographic Constrained Semantic Fluency Task (EOCSF) impose higher demands on cognitive flexibility, inhibition, and strategic regulation. A total of 122 French-speaking adults were divided into two age groups (50-60 years, <i>n</i> = 61; 75+ years, <i>n</i> = 61). Participants completed both the EAF and EOCSF, each lasting 90 s. Linear regression and mixed-effects models with robust standard errors examined the effects of age, education, and time interval on productivity, clustering, switching, and error measures. Age-group differences were observed in overall performance, with older adults producing fewer correct words, particularly during early retrieval phases. This pattern supports a reduction in initiation speed and strategic control in older participants. Performance was lower in the EOCSF than in the EAF, reflecting higher inhibitory and monitoring demands. Education positively predicted total output and strategic efficiency - especially clustering - and attenuated age-group differences across both tasks. Age-group differences were most evident in initiation and flexibility, whereas education enhanced compensatory control and monitoring, consistent with a cognitive-reserve framework. The EAF and EOCSF thus offer complementary indices of executive - linguistic coordination and may increase the sensitivity of fluency assessment to early age-related changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":520721,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition","volume":" ","pages":"279-295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147725475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending the future in older adults: how temporal distance and health reassurance shape memory, emotion regulation, and time perspective.","authors":"Laetitia Bruno, Aurélia Bugaïska","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2026.2648247","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2026.2648247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While future-oriented thinking is central to psychological adaptation in later life, little is known about the most effective ways to support future self-projection in older adults. This study investigated whether manipulating the temporal distance of future projection and the presence of health-related reassurance could differentially enhance episodic memory, emotion regulation, and future time perspective (FTP). Healthy older adults (<i>N</i> = 118) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: imagining themselves five years in the future, imagining themselves living five more years in good health, imagining themselves living twenty more years in good health, or a control condition. Episodic memory was assessed through free recall, and emotion regulation and FTP were measured using validated self-report scales. Results revealed two main findings and one trend. First, memory performance was significantly higher in the 20 year projection with health reassurance than in any other condition. Second, FTP and cognitive reappraisal increased across all experimental conditions compared to the control. The 5 year projection with health reassurance produced the strongest effects: it significantly exceeded the 5 year condition on cognitive reappraisal, and showed the strongest effect on FTP, with significantly higher unlimited than limited scores, though not differing significantly from the other experimental conditions. No group differences emerged for emotional suppression. These findings suggest that distinct forms of future self-projection can differentially influence cognitive performance and motivational orientations, underscoring functional links between episodic simulation and psychological adaptation in later life.</p>","PeriodicalId":520721,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition","volume":" ","pages":"258-278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147518266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Now, what were we talking about? Effects of topic reminders on discourse coherence in young and older adults.","authors":"Paul Hoffman","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2026.2679769","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2026.2679769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coherent discourse remains focused on the topic at hand, avoiding irrelevant or tangential comments. Discourse coherence often declines with age and this has been linked to declines in cognitive control processes that regulate activation of knowledge and ideas. The present study tested whether external topic reminders could improve coherence by reducing reliance on internal control processes. Seventy-seven young and older adults produced spoken discourse in response to topic prompts. In the baseline condition, the topic prompt was removed when the participant began speaking. This was compared with conditions where a reminder was presented on screen, either throughout their response or only during the last 30 seconds. Both age groups produced more coherent, topic-focused responses when they had access to a topic reminder. Late reminders had an additional proactive impact on participants' language, increasing its coherence even before the reminder appeared. This proactive effect was short-lived in the older group but more sustained in the young group. I propose that topic reminders boost activation of the current discourse goal (i.e. intended topic), reducing the need to maintain this through internal cognitive control. In addition to this extrinsic effect, anticipating a later reminder encourages people to proactively strengthen goal activation, though older people were less effective at maintaining this proactive focus. Together, these results suggest that internal maintenance of discourse goals is less effective in older people, though they do benefit from external cues that support topic maintenance.</p>","PeriodicalId":520721,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition","volume":" ","pages":"317-335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148039213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}