Journal of sports science & medicine最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Sand-Based Plyometric-Jump Training in Combination with Endurance Running on Outdoor or Treadmill Surface on Physical Fitness in Young Adult Males.","authors":"Gaurav Singh,&nbsp;Gaurav Singh Kushwah,&nbsp;Tanvi Singh,&nbsp;Rohit Kumar Thapa,&nbsp;Urs Granacher,&nbsp;Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2022.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2022.277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed at examining the effects of nine weeks of sand-based plyometric-jump training (PJT) combined with endurance running on either outdoor or treadmill surface on measures of physical fitness. Male participants (age, 20.1 ± 1.7 years) were randomly assigned to a sand-based PJT combined with endurance running on outdoor surface (OT, n = 25) or treadmill surface (TT, n = 25). The endurance running intervention comprised a mixed training method, i.e., long slow distance, tempo, and interval running drills. A control group was additionally included in this study (CG, n = 25). Participants in CG followed their regular physical activity as OT and TT but did not receive any specific intervention. Individuals were assessed for their 50-m linear sprint time, standing long jump (SLJ) distance, cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., Cooper test), forced vital capacity (FVC), calf girth, and resting heart rate (RHR). A three (groups: OT, TT, CG) by two (time: pre, post) ANOVA for repeated measures was used to analyze the exercise-specific effects. In case of significant group-by-time interactions, Bonferroni adjusted paired (within-group) and independent (between-group comparisons at post) t-tests were used for post-hoc analyses. Significant group-by-time interactions were found for all dependent variables (<i>p</i> < 0.001 - 0.002, ɳ_p² = 0.16 - 0.78). Group-specific post-hoc tests showed improvements for all variables after OT (<i>p</i> < 0.001, Hedges'g effect size [<i>g</i>] = 0.05 - 1.94) and TT (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>g</i> = 0.04 - 2.73), but not in the CG (<i>p</i> = 0.058 - 1.000, <i>g</i> = 0.00 - 0.34). Compared to CG, OT showed larger SLJ (p = 0.001), cardiorespiratory fitness (<i>p</i> = 0.004), FVC (<i>p</i> = 0.008), and RHR (<i>p</i> < 0.001) improvements. TT showed larger improvements in SLJ (<i>p</i> = 0.036), cardiorespiratory fitness (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and RHR (<i>p</i> < 0.001) compared with CG. Compared to OT, TT showed larger improvements for SLJ (<i>p</i> = 0.018). In conclusion, sand-based PJT combined with either OT or TT similarly improved most measures of physical fitness, with greater SLJ improvement after TT. Coaches may use both concurrent exercise regimes based on preferences and logistical constrains (e.g., weather; access to treadmill equipment).</p>","PeriodicalId":520691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sports science & medicine","volume":" ","pages":"277-286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9157518/pdf/jssm-21-277.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39999879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjusted Landing Technique Reduces the Load on the Achilles Tendon in Badminton Players.","authors":"Niels Christian Kaldau,&nbsp;Niels Jensby Nedergaard,&nbsp;Per Hölmich,&nbsp;Jesper Bencke","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2022.224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2022.224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Achilles tendon (AT) rupture is common among recreational male badminton players. We hypothesize that a landing technique following forehand jump strokes with the landing foot in a neutral position often performed by recreational players and occasionally by elite players may expose the AT to higher loads than a scissor kick jump (SKJ) technique with the leg/foot externally rotated. The study aimed to investigate if recreational players could reduce the load in the AT when adopting the SKJ technique compared to their habitual landing technique with the foot in a neutral position and secondarily to compare the AT force between recreational players and elite players. Ten recreational male players performed simulated jump strokes in a biomechanical laboratory using both their original technique and the SKJ technique traditionally used by elite players. For comparison reasons ten elite players performed SKJs. Landing kinematics and AT forces were captured and calculated using 3D movement analysis. The landing leg was more externally rotated in the recreational players' adjusted technique (78 ± 10 degrees, p < 0.001) compared to 22 ± 21 degrees in recreational players' original technique. The peak AT force of the recreational players was significantly higher for the original technique compared to the adjusted technique (68 ± 19 N/kg vs. 50 ± 14 N/kg, p = 0.005). Additionally, the peak AT forces observed during the recreational players' original technique was higher, though not significantly, than those observed for elite players (55 ± 11 N/kg, p = 0.017). / = 0.016 due to a Bonferroni correction. These findings indicate that recreational badminton players that normally land with the foot in a neutral position, may reduce their AT load by 25% when adopting the SKJ technique of elite players and land with the leg/foot in an externally rotated position.</p>","PeriodicalId":520691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sports science & medicine","volume":" ","pages":"224-232"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9157523/pdf/jssm-21-224.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39999925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Upper Body Eccentric versus Concentric Strength Training and Detraining on Maximal Force, Muscle Activation, Hypertrophy and Serum Hormones in Women.","authors":"Keijo Häkkinen,&nbsp;Robert U Newton,&nbsp;Simon Walker,&nbsp;Arja Häkkinen,&nbsp;Sonja Krapi,&nbsp;Rebekka Rekola,&nbsp;Päivi Koponen,&nbsp;William J Kraemer,&nbsp;G Gregory Haff,&nbsp;Anthony J Blazevich,&nbsp;Kazunori Nosaka,&nbsp;Juha Ahtiainen","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2022.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2022.200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effects of eccentric (ECC) versus concentric (CON) strength training of the upper body performed twice a week for 10 weeks followed by detraining for five weeks on maximal force, muscle activation, muscle mass and serum hormone concentrations were investigated in young women (n = 11 and n = 12). One-repetition bench press (1RM), maximal isometric force and surface electromyography (EMG) of triceps brachii (TB), anterior deltoid (AD) and pectoralis major (PM), cross-sectional area (CSA) of TB (Long (LoH) and Lateral Head (LaH)) and thickness of PM, as well as serum concentrations of free testosterone, cortisol, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured. ECC and CON training led to increases of 17.2 ± 11.3% (p < 0.001) and 13.1 ± 5.7% (p < 0.001) in 1RM followed by decreases of -6.6 ± 3.6% (p < 0.01) and -8.0 ± 4.5% (p < 0.001<b>)</b> during detraining, respectively. Isometric force increased in ECC by 11.4 ± 9.6 % (p < 0.05) from week 5 to 10, while the change in CON by 3.9±6.8% was not significant and a between group difference was noted (p < 0.05). Maximal total integrated EMG of trained muscles increased only in the whole subject group (p < 0.05). CSA of TB (LoH) increased in ECC by 8.7 ± 8.0% (p < 0.001) and in CON by 3.4 ± 1.6% (p < 0.01) and differed between groups (p < 0.05), and CSA of TB (LaH) in ECC by 15.7 ± 8.0% (p < 0.001) and CON by 9.7 ± 6.6% (p < 0.001). PM thickness increased in ECC by 17.7 ± 10.9% (p < 0.001) and CON by 14.0 ± 5.9% (p < 0.001). Total muscle sum value (LoH + LaH + PM) increased in ECC by 12.4 ± 6.9% (p < 0.001) and in CON by 7.1 ± 2.9% (p < 0.001) differing between groups (p < 0.05) and decreased during detraining in ECC by -6.5 ± 4.3% (p < 0.001) and CON by -6.1 ± 2.8% (p < 0.001). The post detraining combined sum value of CSA and thickness was in ECC higher (p < 0.05) than at pre training. No changes were detected in serum hormone concentrations, but baseline free testosterone levels in the ECC and CON group combined correlated with changes in 1RM (r = 0.520, p < 0.016) during training. Large neuromuscular adaptations of the upper body occurred in women during ECC, and CON training in 10 weeks. Isometric force increased only in response to ECC, and total muscle sum value increased more during ECC than CON training. However, no changes occurred in serum hormones, but individual serum-free testosterone baseline concentrations correlated with changes in 1RM during strength training in the entire group. Both groups showed significant decreases in neuromuscular performance and muscle mass during detraining, while post detraining muscle sum value was only in ECC significantly higher than at pre training.</p>","PeriodicalId":520691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sports science & medicine","volume":" ","pages":"200-213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9157521/pdf/jssm-21-200.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39999927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of High-Intensity Stretch with Moderate Pain and Maximal Intensity Stretch without Pain on Flexibility.","authors":"Genki Hatano,&nbsp;Shingo Matsuo,&nbsp;Yuji Asai,&nbsp;Shigeyuki Suzuki,&nbsp;Masahiro Iwata","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2022.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2022.171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we aimed to identify the time course effects of different intensities of static stretch (SST) (maximal intensity without pain vs. high-intensity with moderate pain) on flexibility. This study included 16 healthy students (8 men and 8 women) who performed 1) 5-minute SST at 100%, 2) 110%, and 3) 120% intensity, as well as 4) no stretching (control) in a random sequence on four separate days. Static passive torque (SPT), hamstring electromyography (EMG), and pain intensity were continuously recorded during SST. We assessed markers of stiffness, range of motion (ROM), and maximal dynamic passive torque (DPTmax) before SST and 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes after SST. Stiffness decreased and ROM and DPTmax increased significantly immediately after SST at the three different intensity levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The effects of SST at 120% intensity were stronger and lasted longer than the effects of SST at 110% and 100% intensity (stiffness: -17%, -9%, and -7%, respectively; ROM: 14%, 10%, and 6%, respectively; DPTmax: 15%, 15%, and 9%, respectively). SPT decreased after SST at all intensities (<i>p</i> < 0.05). SST at 120% intensity caused a significantly greater reduction in SPT than SST at 100% intensity (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Pain intensity and EMG activity increased immediately after the onset of SST at 120% intensity (<i>p</i> < 0.05), although these responses were attenuated over time. Stretching intensity significantly correlated with the degree of change in ROM and stiffness (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These results support our hypothesis that stretch-induced flexibility is amplified and prolonged with an increase in stretch intensity beyond the pain threshold. Additional studies with more participants and different demographics are necessary to examine the generalizability of these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":520691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sports science & medicine","volume":" ","pages":"171-181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9157514/pdf/jssm-21-171.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39999929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lack of Evidence for Crossover Fatigue with Plantar Flexor Muscles.","authors":"Saman Hadjizadeh Anvar,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Kordi,&nbsp;Shahab Alizadeh,&nbsp;Emma Ramsay,&nbsp;Fatemeh Shabkhiz,&nbsp;David G Behm","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2022.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2022.214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The occurrence and mechanisms underlying non-local or crossover muscle fatigue is an ongoing issue. This study aimed to investigate crossover fatigue of the plantar flexor muscles. Sixteen recreationally active males (n = 6) and females (n = 10) visited the laboratory for four sessions and performed a single 5-s pre-test maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) with each plantar flexors muscle. Thereafter, the fatigue intervention involved two 100-s MVICs (60-s recovery) with their dominant plantar flexors or rested for 260-s (control). Subsequently, in two separate sessions, Hoffman reflexes (H-reflex) were evoked in the non-dominant, non-exercised, leg before and following the dominant leg fatigue or control intervention (Fatigue-Reflex and Control-Reflex conditions). MVIC forces and volitional (V)-waves were monitored in the non-dominant leg in the other two sessions (Fatigue-MVIC and Control-MVIC) before and after the intervention (fatigue or control) as well as during 12 repeated MVICs and immediately thereafter. Despite the force reduction in the dominant leg (42.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.002), no crossover force deficit with single (F_(1,9) = 0.02, <i>p</i> = 0.88, <i>pƞ²</i> = 0.003) or repeated (F_(1,9) = 0.006, <i>p = 0.93, pƞ² = 0.001</i>) MVIC testing were observed. The H-reflex did not change after the fatigue (F_(1,7) = 0.51; <i>p</i> = 0.49; <i>pƞ² =</i> 0.06) or repeated MVICs (F_(1,8) = 0.27; <i>p</i> = 0.61; <i>pƞ² =</i> 0.03). There were also no crossover effects of fatigue on the V-wave with single (F_(1,8) = 3.71, <i>p = 0.09, pƞ² = 0.31</i>) or repeated MVICs (F_(1,6) = 1.45, <i>p = 0.27, pƞ² = 0.19</i>). Crossover fatigue was not evident with the plantar flexors nor any significant changes in H-reflex and V-waves in the soleus muscle. This finding suggests that crossover fatigue may not necessarily occur in slow-twitch predominant muscle groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":520691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sports science & medicine","volume":" ","pages":"214-223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9157513/pdf/jssm-21-214.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39999877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Responses and Technical-Tactical Performance of Youth Basketball Players: A Brief Comparison between 3x3 and 5x5 Basketball.","authors":"Bruno Figueira,&nbsp;Nuno Mateus,&nbsp;Pedro Esteves,&nbsp;Rūta Dadelienė,&nbsp;Rūtenis Paulauskas","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2022.332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2022.332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to examine youth players' physiological responses and technical-tactical performance when playing simulated 3x3 and 5x5 basketball games. Fifteen well-trained male basketball players (16.6 ± 0.2 years old) participated in scrimmage basketball games under two different conditions: 3x3 (half-court) and 5x5 (full-court). The players' heart rate, muscle oxygen saturation and total hemoglobin data were collected and computed to describe physiological responses, while video analysis was used to characterize their technical-tactical performance. A Bayesian one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to quantify the predictive influence of both game conditions on the physiological and the technical-tactical variables. The results indicated that different game conditions influenced the players' physiological responses slightly, as only hemoglobin sample entropy increased between the 3x3 and 5x5 game scenarios. Conversely, statistical differences in most of the technical-tactical variables were moderate and decisive in favour of the game condition model. Overall, this study emphasizes that playing 3x3 and 5x5 basketball games lead to relatively negligible differences in the players' physiological response but pronounced variations in their technical-tactical performance. Therefore, important implications may be drawn to the applied field as the specificity of technical-tactical adaptations when playing 3x3 or 5x5 formats should be considered by basketball coaches to better design the training sessions for players that fall within our sample age category.</p>","PeriodicalId":520691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sports science & medicine","volume":" ","pages":"332-340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9157511/pdf/jssm-21-332.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39999928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Co-Ingestion of Carbohydrate with Milk after Exercise in Healthy Women: Study Considering the Menstrual Cycle.","authors":"Tomoka Matsuda,&nbsp;Akira Ishikawa,&nbsp;Moe Kanno,&nbsp;Hazuki Ogata,&nbsp;Hyunjun Gam,&nbsp;Akiko Funaki,&nbsp;Nodoka Ikegami,&nbsp;Mizuki Yamada,&nbsp;Mikako Sakamaki-Sunaga","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2022.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2022.191","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess the effects of co-ingestion of carbohydrate with milk (MILK) and isocaloric carbohydrate beverage (CHO) on post-exercise recovery and subsequent exercise capacity, considering the menstrual cycle. This study included 12 women with regular menstrual cycles who completed four test days, which started with glycogen-depleting exercise using a cycle ergometer in the early follicular phase (EF) and late follicular phase (LF), followed by 240 min of recovery from the ingestion of 200 mL of CHO or MILK every 30 min immediately after the exercise (POST0) until 210 min post-exercise. After 240 min, participants performed an exercise capacity test. Blood samples and breathing gas samples were collected before the exercise (PRE), POST0, and 120 (POST120) and 240 min after the end of exercise (POST240) to determine the concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, blood glucose, blood lactate, free fatty acid (FFA), and insulin and the respiratory exchange ratio, fat oxidation, and carbohydrate oxidation. The exercise time at exercise capacity test was not significantly different in terms of menstrual cycle phases and recovery beverages ingested. However, there was a significant positive correlation between the exercise capacity test and area under the curve (AUC) of FFA concentrations from POST0 to POST240 in each group (EF + CHO, p < 0.05; LF + CHO, p < 0.05; EF + MILK, p < 0.01; and LF + MILK, p < 0.05). The AUC of FFA from POST120 to POST240 showed no difference between EF (CHO and MILK) and LF (CHO and MILK). However, the AUC of FFA concentrations from POST120 to POST240 was significantly greater in MILK (EF and LF) than that in CHO (EF and LF) (p < 0.05). In active women, circulating substrates and hormone concentrations during short recovery post-exercise are not affected by the menstrual cycle. However, MILK may affect circulating substrates during recovery and the exercise capacity after recovery.","PeriodicalId":520691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sports science & medicine","volume":" ","pages":"191-199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9157526/pdf/jssm-21-191.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39999880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RMSSD Is More Sensitive to Artifacts Than Frequency-Domain Parameters: Implication in Athletes' Monitoring.","authors":"Nicolas Bourdillon,&nbsp;Sasan Yazdani,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Vesin,&nbsp;Laurent Schmitt,&nbsp;Grégoire P Millet","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2022.260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2022.260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Easy-to-use and accurate heart rate variability (HRV) assessments are essential in athletes' follow-up, but artifacts may lead to erroneous analysis. Artifact detection and correction are the purpose of extensive literature and implemented in dedicated analysis programs. However, the effects of number and/or magnitude of artifacts on various time- or frequency-domain parameters remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of artifacts on HRV parameters. Root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD), standard deviation of the normal to normal inter beat intervals (SDNN), power in the low- (LF) and high-frequency band (HF) were computed from two 4-min RR recordings in 178 participants in both supine and standing positions, respectively. RRs were modified by (1) randomly adding or subtracting 10, 30, 50 or 100 ms to the successive RRs; (2) a single artifact was manually inserted; (3) artifacts were automatically corrected from signal naturally containing artifacts. Finally, RR recordings were analyzed before and after automatic detection-correction of artifacts. Modifying each RR by 10, 30, 50 and 100 ms randomly did not significantly change HRV parameters (range -6%, +6%, supine). In contrast, by adding a single artifact, RMSSD increased by 413% and 269%, SDNN by 54% and 47% in supine and standing positions, respectively. LF and HF changed only between -3% and +8% (supine and standing) in the artifact condition. When more than 0.9% of the signal contained artifacts, RMSSD was significantly biased, whilst when more than 1.4% of the signal contained artifacts LF and HF were significantly biased. RMSSD and SDNN were more sensitive to a single artifact than LF and HF. This indicates that, when using RMSSD only, a single artifact may induce erroneous interpretation of HRV. Therefore, we recommend using both time- and frequency-domain parameters to minimize the errors in the diagnoses of health status or fatigue in athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":520691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sports science & medicine","volume":" ","pages":"260-266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9157524/pdf/jssm-21-260.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39999881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Start Fast, Swim Faster, Turn Fastest: Section Analyses and Normative Data for Individual Medley.","authors":"Dennis-Peter Born,&nbsp;Michael Romann,&nbsp;Thomas Stöggl","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2022.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2022.233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aims of the study were to provide benchmarks and normative data for 100 m, 200 m, and 400 m short-course individual medley (IM) races, investigate differences between the various swimming strokes and turns involved in IM, and quantify the effect and contribution of various race sections on swimming performance. All IM races (n = 320) at the 2019 European Short-Course Swimming Championships were video monitored and digitized with interrater reliability described by a mean intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.968. Normative data were provided for the eight finalists of each event (FINA points = 886 ± 37) and the eight slowest swimmers from each event (FINA points = 688 ± 53). Contribution and effects of race sections on swimming performance were investigated using stepwise regression analysis based on all races of each event. Regression analysis explained 97-100% of total variance in race time and revealed turn time (<i>β</i> ≥ 0.53) as distinguishing factor in short-course IM races in addition to swim velocity (<i>β</i> ≥ -0.28). Start time only affected 100 m (<i>β</i> ≥ 0.14) and 200 m (<i>β</i> ≥ 0.04) events. Fastest turn times were found for the butterfly/backstroke turn. Breaststroke showed slowest swim velocities and no difference between fastest and slowest 100 m IM swimmers. Therefore, breaststroke may provide largest potential for future development in IM race times. Correlation analyses revealed that distance per stroke (<i>r</i> ≥ -0.39, <i>P</i> < 0.05) rather than stroke rate (<i>r</i> ≤ -0.18, <i>P</i> > 0.05) is a performance indicator and may be used by coaches and performance analysts to evaluate stroke mechanics in male IM swimmers despite its more complex assessment. Performance analysts, coaches, and swimmers may use the present normative data to establish minimal and maximal requirements for European Championship participation and to create specific drills in practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":520691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sports science & medicine","volume":" ","pages":"233-244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9157519/pdf/jssm-21-233.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39999926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Immediate Effect of Adding Lumbar Mobilization to A Static Stretching Program on Hamstrings Range of Motion: An Exploratory Study.","authors":"James Villers,&nbsp;Andrew Cardenas,&nbsp;Travis Gipson,&nbsp;Emily Man","doi":"10.52082/jssm.2022.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2022.253","url":null,"abstract":"A contributing risk factor and a byproduct of a hamstrings strain is limited hamstrings range of motion (ROM). Some evidence supports static stretching (SS) and lumbar spinal mobilization therapy (LSMT) as an effective means for increasing hamstrings ROM. However, the efficacy of combining LSMT and SS for increasing hamstrings ROM is unknown. The objective of the study is to quantify the immediate effects of the combination of LSMT and SS compared to LSMT and SS on hamstrings ROM in a healthy population. Thirty participants were randomized by block allocation into one of three intervention groups: (1) LSMT (unilateral lumbar PA mobilization at L-4); (2) SS; or (3) combination of LSMT and SS. Hamstrings ROM was measured pre- and post-intervention by the active knee extension test (AKET). There was no group-by-time interaction effect (p = 0.871). Within group analysis revealed a significant statistical change and a large effect size: LSMT (p = .037, RCI = 3.36, d = 0.771); SS (p = 0.035, RCI = 2.94, d = 0.781); combination (p = .005, RCI = 4.21, d = 1.186. The findings suggest that the combination of LSMT and SS does not have a further effect on hamstrings ROM compared to the individual results of LSMT or SS.","PeriodicalId":520691,"journal":{"name":"Journal of sports science & medicine","volume":" ","pages":"253-259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9157527/pdf/jssm-21-253.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39999923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}