Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Long-term exposure to ambient air pollutant mixture and metabolic obesity phenotypes: Results from a nationwide Korean study (2007-2019).","authors":"Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00789-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-025-00789-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Academic interest in the health impacts of air pollutant mixtures has increased in past years. Studies indicated that air pollutants exposure is linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the association of air pollutant mixture with metabolic obesity phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide sample of 68,675 adults was analyzed in our cross-sectional study. Participants were linked to modeled air pollution data from 2007 to 2019. The concentrations of PM_2.5-10, PM_2.5, NO₂, CO, SO₂, and O₃ were estimated for 2-year moving averages. Metabolic obesity phenotypes were classified into metabolically healthy obesity (MHO; body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m²; without metabolic abnormality) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO; BMI ≥25 kg/m²; with metabolic abnormality). The quantile g-computation was used to determine the association of air pollutant mixture with MHO and MOU.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 46,061 individuals were classified as non-obese, 2724 individuals were classified as MHO, and 19,890 individuals were classified as MUO. In the quantile g-computation, one quartile increase in the concentration of air pollutant mixture was positively associated with MUO (OR [odds ratio]: 1.12, 95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.05-1.19) but not with MHO (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.87-1.15). O₃, CO, and PM_2.5-10 accounted for 37.6%, 21.6%, and 21.3% of the positive association of air pollutant mixture with MUO, respectively.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Mounting evidence shows that outdoor air pollution is linked to obesity. We explored the association between long-term exposure to air pollutant mixture and metabolic obesity phenotypes. Obesity phenotypes were classified as metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). A mixture analysis showed that quartile increase in the concentration of the air pollutant mixture is associated with 1.12-fold increase in the odds of MUO, but not with MHO. Our novel findings suggest that long-term exposure to air pollutants may affect both metabolic abnormalities and obesity, contributing to a shift towards a metabolically unfavorable obesity profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":520670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a set of reference standards for non-targeted analysis of polymer additives extracted from medical devices.","authors":"Byeong Hwa Yun, Amali Herath, Ying Jin, Jamie Kim, Kerry Belton, Echoleah Rufer, Omar Rivera Betancourt","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00788-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-025-00788-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The accurate analysis of extractables and leachables (E&L) from medical devices is crucial for the reliable safety risk assessment of substances to which patients and users may be exposed. The extractable profile of medical devices is often complex and unpredictable, thus improper selection of reference standards can lead to irreproducible chemical analyses between laboratories. ISO 10993-18, the international consensus standard for chemical characterization of medical devices, does not specify a process for selection of appropriate chemical reference standards for non-targeted analysis of E&L, leading to a variety of approaches being used.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study seeks to set out requirements for building a comprehensive list of chemical reference standards for non-targeted analysis of E&L and propose suggestions for selecting appropriate standards to enhance the consistency of chemical analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Criteria for selecting reference standards for non-targeted analysis of E&L in medical devices were developed using relevant polymer additives as a model system. The Relative Response Factor (RRF) values of the selected reference standards were determined using GC-MS and LC-MS analysis across three different concentrations. A system was developed to rank the toxicological hazards of the selected reference standards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A list of 106 reference standards of polymer additives was compiled, encompassing a wide range of physicochemical properties and broad toxicological coverage. Statistical analyses of these chemicals revealed there was no significant correlation between their six physicochemical properties and the corresponding relative response factors measured by GC-MS and LC-MS techniques.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Accurate chemical identification and quantification of extractable substances from medical devices is important for chemical characterization of medical devices. The accurate quantitation of extractable chemicals in medical devices through non-targeted analysis is dependent on the proper selection of reference standards. We have proposed a set of reference standards intended to enhance the confidence in quantitation of device extractables, covering a broad range of structural and physicochemical diversity. This set of reference standards may assist chemistry laboratories in developing robust screening methods for extractables in medical devices, supporting the accurate characterization of medical devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":520670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six principles of exposure science: inspiring solutions that foster healthy environments.","authors":"Elaine A Cohen Hubal","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00791-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-025-00791-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phthalates and bisphenols early-life exposure, and childhood allergic conditions: a pooled analysis of cohort studies.","authors":"Thomas Boissiere-O'Neill, Nina Lazarevic, Peter D Sly, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Aimin Chen, Meghan B Azad, Joseph M Braun, Jeffrey R Brook, David Burgner, Bruce P Lanphear, Theo J Moraes, Richard Saffery, Padmaja Subbarao, Stuart E Turvey, Kimberly Yolton, Dwan Vilcins","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00790-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-025-00790-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to plastic additives, such as phthalates and bisphenols, has been associated with a higher risk of allergic conditions, but the evidence is inconsistent for children younger than five.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the association between pre- and postnatal urinary phthalates and bisphenols, and allergic conditions, and potential effect modification by sex, in pre-school children, through a pooled analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We pooled data from the Barwon Infant Study (Australia), the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development Study (Canada), the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (United States) and the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes-wide cohorts (United States). Urinary phthalates and bisphenols were measured during pregnancy and early childhood. We estimated daily intakes from urinary concentrations, except for mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP). Outcomes, including asthma, wheeze, eczema, and rhinitis, were assessed up to five years of age through questionnaires and clinical assessments. We used generalised estimating equations for single compounds and quantile G-computation for the chemical mixtures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>5306 children were included. A two-fold increase in prenatal dibutyl phthalates (DBP; risk ratio [RR] = 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.16) and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBzP; RR = 1.06; 95%CI: 1.00-1.12) increased the risk of asthma in children under five. Prenatal MCPP levels were associated with rhinitis (RR = 1.05; 95%CI: 1.01-1.09). Postnatal BBzP levels increased the risk of wheezing (RR = 1.05; 95%CI 1.01-1.09), as well as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP; RR = 1.06; 95%CI: 1.01-1.11) and MCPP (RR = 1.09; 95%CI: 1.04-1.14). These were also inversely associated with eczema. A one-quartile increase in the postnatal chemical mixture increased the risk of wheezing (RR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.02-1.26). There was limited evidence of effect modification by sex.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Phthalates and bisphenols are widespread and may contribute to allergic conditions in children. We pooled data from 5000 children across multiple birth cohorts, suggesting that early-life exposure to these chemicals is associated with increased risks of asthma, wheezing, and rhinitis by age five. We further investigated the timing of exposure, non-linear dose-response relationships, and effect measure modification by sex. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of early-life exposure to phthalates and bisphenols and strengthens the evidence for their role in the development of childhood allergic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":520670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal melamine, aromatic amine, and psychosocial stress exposures and their association with gestational diabetes mellitus in a San Francisco pregnancy cohort.","authors":"Emily Lasher, Jessica Trowbridge, Alison Gemmill, Rachel Morello-Frosch, Erin DeMicco, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Jessie P Buckley, Tracey J Woodruff","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00787-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-025-00787-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research suggests exposure to chemical and non-chemical stressors may increase the risk of pregnancy complications, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Exposure to melamine and aromatic amines (AAs) is ubiquitous among pregnant people. However, studies investigating the maternal and fetal health effects of prenatal exposure are limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This cross-sectional study aimed to (1) evaluate relationships between exposure to aromatic amines, melamine and its derivatives, and gestational diabetes in a pregnancy cohort in San Francisco, California, USA, (2) explore if non-chemical stressors modify these relationships, and (3) assess fetal sex differences using stratification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured 36 AAs, melamine, and three of its derivatives in second-trimester urine samples (n = 607). Financial strain and psychosocial stress were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. GDM status was abstracted from medical records. We used unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models to calculate the odds of GDM associated with an interquartile range increase in urinary concentrations of melamine and AAs or higher levels of non-chemical stress, overall and stratified by infant sex. Interaction terms between each chemical and non-chemical stressor were used to test for effect modification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight analytes were detected in >65% of participants, with 100% detection of melamine and cyanuric acid. Among male infants, summed urinary concentrations of melamine and its analogs and o-Anisidine were associated with increased odds of GDM (OR: 1.08 [1.00, 1.17], OR: 1.18 [1.03, 1.36], respectively). Higher levels of perceived stress and discrimination were also associated with increased odds of GDM (OR: 1.41 [0.73, 2.70], OR: 2.33 [1.16, 4.67], respectively). We found limited evidence of interaction between chemical and non-chemical stressors.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>This study revealed positive associations between melamine and its analogs, some aromatic amines, and gestational diabetes, especially among pregnant women carrying male fetuses. We also found that levels of perceived stress and discrimination were associated with gestational diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":520670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing sources of strontium exposure in pregnant individuals living near unconventional oil and gas wells using urinary ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope ratios.","authors":"Karel Houessionon, Bruna Saar de Almeida, David Widory, Michèle Bouchard, Vikki Ho, Coreen Daley, Élyse Caron-Beaudoin, Delphine Bosson-Rieutort, Marc-André Verner","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00784-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00784-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the Exposures in the Peace River Valley (EXPERIVA) study, pregnant individuals living in a region of natural gas exploitation had higher biological concentrations of certain trace elements, including strontium (Sr), than the general population. However, sources remained unidentified.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To measure urinary ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope ratio in EXPERIVA participants, assess its reliability, and explore how its variance fluctuates based on Sr concentrations in biological (urine, hair, nails) and environmental (tap water) samples, as well as the density/proximity of unconventional oil and gas wells around participants' residence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants provided urine daily over seven consecutive days. We measured ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr in each urine sample from 7 participants and in pooled daily samples for all 75 participants. We used serial measurements to determine the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We calculated the density/proximity of unconventional oil and gas wells around participants' homes using inverse distance weighting (IDW). We assessed the variance of urinary ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr based on Sr concentrations in biological/environmental samples and IDW through visual inspection and Levene's test. We also performed unsupervised clustering to explore whether certain characteristics of the participants may be associated with a specific ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr signature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Urinary ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ranged from 0.70798 to 0.71437. The ICC was 0.797 (95% CI: 0.574-0.953), indicating moderate to excellent reliability. Increasing Sr concentrations in hair were marginally associated with a decrease in urinary ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr variance (p = 0.066). A similar but less consistent association was observed with increasing IDW. We observed no association between Sr concentrations in water and variance in urinary ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr. No clear pattern was found using unsupervised clustering.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore the use of urinary ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope ratios to investigate sources of Sr exposure. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that a predominant source contributes to Sr exposure in most exposed EXPERIVA participants, but the contribution of unconventional oil and gas wells around participants' residences remains unclear. Findings should be considered as exploratory given the many limitations of this study. Our effort will hopefully benefit future studies aimed at identifying the sources of exposure in human populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":520670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of vinyl acetate monomer in consumer products and modeled estimates of consumer exposure.","authors":"Alison Gauthier, William Behymer, Jennifer Bare, Mandie Kramer, Wade T Barranco, Joseph P Longtin, Susan Borghoff, Andrew Jaques","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00786-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-025-00786-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) (CAS 108-05-4) is employed in the creation of an array of polymers and copolymers used in the manufacture of consumer products. There is no direct use of VAM in consumer products. However, residual amounts of unreacted VAM in (co)polymer products have been identified as a possible general population exposure concern.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this evaluation was to provide a contemporary review of exposure to VAM via residual VAM (co)polymer in a range of consumer products in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study authors conducted a market-basket sampling of residual VAM levels in 71 consumer products purchased in the United States that met the selection criteria. Subsequently, exposure assessments were conducted using ConsExpo (version 1.1.1) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Consumer Exposure Model (CEM; version 2.1) on a subset of those identified products.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the products analyzed, 40 had VAM concentrations below the lowest detection limits (0.1-2 ppmw), 19 were non-detectable but the product materials demonstrated atypical or nonlinear calibration behavior, four had detectable VAM in the 2-10 ppmw range, and eight had detectable VAM from 10 to 648 ppmw. Eleven use scenarios were developed based on seven categories of consumer products from the evaluation. Resulting exposure estimates were all less than both acute and chronic non-cancer human health thresholds.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>This study presents an analytical detection methodology for residual VAM present in a variety of consumer products. The information presented herein can inform future studies of VAM exposure and facilitate exposure estimates of VAM in similar products by providing measured concentrations. This study also demonstrates that, for the products evaluated, potential VAM exposure is less than acute and chronic health thresholds for the general public based on modeled exposure estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":520670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive review of intake fraction methods for assessing traffic-related air pollution exposure: insights, variations, and future directions.","authors":"Shuyan Meng, Ling Qi, Pengpeng Wu, Suzhen Cao, Kai Zhang, Zongshuang Wang, Xiaoli Duan","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00775-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-025-00775-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) poses significant risks to human health, particularly in urban areas with high traffic volumes. Intake fraction (iF) quantifies the relationship between emissions and exposure, defined as the ratio of the total inhalation increment of all exposed individuals in a target population to the emissions from specific pollution sources over a certain period.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The overarching objective of this study is to unravel the underlying value and significance of the iF method in evaluating TRAP exposure risks, while also exploring its future development trajectories and potential avenues for application.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive review of iF to assess TRAP exposure. We employed a search strategy to identify and analyze literature on iF methods related to TRAP exposure across academic databases covering the period from 2002 to 2024. After deduplication, title and abstract screening, and full-text review, we ultimately included 25 studies on iF related to TRAP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We classified the measurement methods of iF into four types: simple estimation method, dispersion simulation method, numerical simulation method, and exposure monitoring method. We found orders of magnitude of differences in iF among studies. Population density, pollutant concentration, and breathing rate explain a significant portion of the variations. iF values of nitrogen oxides (NO_x), carbon monoxide (CO), and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) are higher than those of diesel particulate matter (DPM), ultrafine particles (UFP), and benzene. Compared to power plants, TRAP has higher iF values, emphasizing the control priority of TRAP. Future research should expand to under-researched regions, strengthen investigations on UFP and secondary pollutants, and refine iF calculation methods using high-resolution and mobility data.</p>","PeriodicalId":520670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis of perfluoroalkyl substances and kidney function.","authors":"A Eklund, T Taj, L Dunder, P M Lind, L Lind, S Salihovic","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00785-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-025-00785-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a diverse group of chemical compounds used in various consumer products. While the associations between PFAS and certain adverse human health effects are well-documented, their impact on kidney function remains less known.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The main aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between PFAS levels and kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) utilizing a longitudinal design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The population-based Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study included 997 individuals at baseline (all aged 70 years, 50% females). Follow-up investigations were performed at 75 and 80 years of age. Seven major PFAS were determined in plasma using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Longitudinal and cross-sectional associations between PFAS and eGFR were analyzed using linear regression and mixed effects models following adjustment for sex, HDL and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, BMI, statin use and smoking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Longitudinal models demonstrated statistically significant positive associations between perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA)and eGFR (all P < 0.001). The associations between linear perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) followed a similar trend. In contrast, an inverse relationship between perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) and perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA) with eGFR was observed. The findings were largely corroborated by cross-sectional analyses.</p><p><strong>Impact statement: </strong>This longitudinal study found that changes in certain PFAS concentrations were positively associated with the change in kidney function, though the direction of association varied across PFAS. These findings were further supported by cross-sectional analysis. The complexity of associations remains incompletely understood as some PFAS showed positive associations while others were inverse. Further longitudinal studies with repeated measures are needed to better elucidate the relationship between PFAS exposure and kidney function.</p>","PeriodicalId":520670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental exposure scenarios: development, challenges and possible solutions.","authors":"Andreas Ahrens,&nbsp;Theo P Traas","doi":"10.1038/sj.jes.7500602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jes.7500602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Under the new REACH system, companies importing, producing and marketing chemical substances will be obliged to register the single substances and to carry out a safety assessment for all identified uses during the life cycle of the substance. This duty will apply to about 10,000 existing substances in the EU market exceeding an annual production or import volume of 10 t per company. If the substance is already known to be dangerous or turns out to be dangerous(1) during the hazard assessment, the registrant is obliged to carry out an exposure assessment and a risk characterisation for all identified uses. The goal of the safety assessment is to define the conditions of use that allow for adequate control of risk with regard to health and safety at the work place, consumer safety and protection of the environment. Once the registrant has established and documented these conditions in the Chemicals Safety Report (CSR), that information is to be communicated down the supply chain by means of the Extended Safety Data Sheet (eSDS). The ultimate aim of the new legislation is to establish duties and mechanisms that systematically prevent or limit exposure to dangerous industrial chemicals. The current paper explains this concept with regard to environmental exposure and highlights the challenges and possible solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"S7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1038/sj.jes.7500602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41030225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}