International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group最新文献

{"title":"Microwave treatment of human papillomavirus-positive in vitro grown epithelial tissues results in a rapid stress-related transcriptional response and induction of innate immunity.","authors":"Anna Kirk, Andrew Stevenson, Quan Gu, Sheila V Graham","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2026.2692406","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02656736.2026.2692406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hyperthermia is a well-documented adjunct to cancer therapy. Recently, it has begun to gain traction in the treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven pathologies. Microwaves offer a precise and targeted approach to deliver hyperthermia and are already in use in the clinic for the treatment of plantar and common warts: non-oncogenic HPV-driven cutaneous lesions.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine if microwave-delivered hyperthermia may be applicable for the treatment of oncogenic HPV-positive anogenital mucosal lesions and to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying microwave-delivered hyperthermia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three-dimensional in vitro grown HPV16-infected epithelial tissues were subject to hyperthermia using microwave treatment. RNA sequencing was used to examine changes to the transcriptome following microwave treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microwave treatment rapidly altered the transcriptome, with 59 genes differentially expressed at 4 h post-treatment. Of these genes, three were downregulated and 56 upregulated. At later time points post-treatment, 150 genes were differentially expressed, and all of these were upregulated. Microwave treatment triggered a heat shock response, with many chaperones and co-chaperones upregulated, which are important in preventing proteolysis following temperature rises. Significant upregulation of many of these genes has previously been reported in transcriptomic studies that used other methods of delivering hyperthermia. Microwave hyperthermia increased expression of genes involved in immune pathways, including interleukins (<i>IL8, IL20, IL24</i>), interferons (<i>IFNĸ</i>) and chemokines (<i>CCL24</i>, <i>CCL26</i>).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data have important implications for the recurrence of HPV-driven pathology following microwave treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520653,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group","volume":"43 1","pages":"2692406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified tumor uptake and biodistribution of nanoparticles coated with small extracellular vesicle membranes derived from distinct tumor cell lines.","authors":"Samir V Jenkins, Hayden Carlton, Bree Scott, Shelbie D Stahr, Whit Vinson, Gabriel Fletcher, Azemat Jamshidi-Parsian, Ping-Ching Hsu, Ruud P M Dings, David Huitink, Robert J Griffin","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2026.2624448","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02656736.2026.2624448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Targeting tumors with nanoparticles can significantly improve the anti-tumor effect of thermal treatments while sparing normal tissue from nonspecific effects. The surface coating is essential to driving the biological fate of nanomaterials. Exosomes, a type of long-circulating secreted vesicle, are capable of specific cell targeting and present a variety of molecules on the surface.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Differences among physiochemical properties and protein expression of the exosome isolates were quantified based on the origin of the exosomes. Extrusion through polycarbonate membranes was used to coat nanoparticles with these membranes. TEM was used to visualize cell uptake <i>in vitro</i>, and biodistribution was quantified using ICP-MS following intravenous injection in mice bearing 4T1 breast tumors. Alternating magnetic field was used to heat cells after incubation with nanoparticles <i>in vitro</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vivo The exosome coating promoted particle immunoevasion and accumulation in different organs, though it limited extravasation within the tumor as well, independent of the source cell line. TEM of individual tumor cells showed that particles with exosome coating are taken up more rapidly than uncoated particles and these particles accumulate in multivesicular bodies. Particles were incubated <i>in vitro</i> with 4T1 tumor cells and heat treated. The exosome-coated particles combined with magnetic heating led to a greater decrease in tumor cell viability than with uncoated particles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant changes in biodistribution, cellular uptake, and heating induced by alternating magnetic field were observed with these formulations. Studies are ongoing to identify the proteins needed to maximize tumor accumulation and efficacy of thermal therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520653,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group","volume":"43 1","pages":"2624448"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13004575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146145737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of combined GnRH-a, hysteroscopic surgery, and LNG-IUS for adenomyosis with suboptimal HIFU ablation: a retrospective study.","authors":"Yan Peng, Ning Zhang, Yu Dai, Yun Long, Guiyuan Yu, Junhong Yue, Jinyun Chen, Ping Jin","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2026.2706037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2026.2706037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of sequential combination therapy comprising gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a), hysteroscopic surgery (residual lesion resection plus endometrial ablation), and levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) insertion in patients with adenomyosis who exhibited suboptimal response to high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation (non-perfused volume (NPV) ratio < 50%).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study enrolled 71 patients with adenomyosis who underwent HIFU ablation with an NPV ratio < 50% and subsequently received three doses of GnRH-a, followed by hysteroscopic surgery (residual lesion resection plus endometrial ablation) with concurrent LNG-IUS insertion (HIFU-GHL regimen). All patients completed a minimum follow-up of 24 months. Clinical efficacy was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) for dysmenorrhea and the sensation quantity scale (SQS) for menstrual blood volume at baseline and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median follow-up duration was 39 months (IQR: 29-53 months). The median NPV ratio following HIFU ablation was 22.2% (IQR: 12.0%-36.2%). Compared with baseline, significant reductions in both VAS and SQS scores were observed at all post-treatment time points (all <i>p</i> < 0.05), with no significant differences among the four follow-up intervals (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Only two patients (2.8%) required re-intervention for recurrent dysmenorrhea.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The sequential regimen of GnRH-a, hysteroscopic surgery (lesion resection plus endometrial ablation), and LNG-IUS insertion is a safe and effective uterine-preserving salvage strategy for adenomyosis patients with suboptimal HIFU ablation (NPV ratio < 50%). Prospective randomized trials with extended follow-up are warranted to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":520653,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group","volume":"43 1","pages":"2706037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148633285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective multicenter study of thermal ablation outcomes in subcapsular versus intraparenchymal papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.","authors":"Haoyu Jing, Qiyang Chen, Mingbo Zhang, Zixin Wang, Ruifang Xu, Hui Wang, Yukun Luo, Yujiang Liu","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2026.2639806","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02656736.2026.2639806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the clinical outcomes of thermal ablation (TA) for subcapsular papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) and compared them with those of intraparenchymal PTMC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with unifocal, clinical node-negative PTMC who underwent TA at three institutions between July 2015 and December 2021 were enrolled. Patients were divided into the subcapsular group (PTMC ≤ 2 mm from the capsule) and the intraparenchymal group (PTMC > 2 mm from the capsule). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance between-group confounders. Primary outcomes were disease progression and disease-free survival (DFS); secondary outcomes included post-ablation lesion volume, volume reduction rate (VRR), cumulative tumor disappearance rate, and complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 209 and 288 patients were included in the subcapsular and intraparenchymal groups, respectively. During a mean follow-up of 48.4 months, the overall disease progression was 3.4%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed no association between subcapsular location and disease progression after adjusting for tumor volume, thyroid-stimulating hormone level, and ablation modality (HR = 1.3 [0.5, 3.5], <i>p</i> = 0.59). After 1:1 PSM, no significant differences between the subcapsular and intraparenchymal groups were observed in primary outcomes (disease progression: 4.3% vs. 3.8%; 5-year DFS rate: 93.2% vs. 93.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.82) or secondary outcomes (complication rate: 1.6% vs. 1.1%; latest volume: 0 mm³ vs. 0 mm³; latest VRR: 99.8% vs. 99.9%; cumulative tumor disappearance rate: 98.9% vs. 99.5%) (all <i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For eligible subcapsular PTMC patients, TA achieves 4-year clinical outcomes comparable to those of intraparenchymal PTMC cases, warranting further prospective investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":520653,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group","volume":"43 1","pages":"2639806"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147439075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal ablation vs. conventional neck dissection for recurrent low-burden lymph node metastasis in thyroid cancer: a dual-center retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Xiaojian Ye, Lei Yan, Jinshu Zeng, Jianchuan Yang, Lingpeng Tang, Xiaoying Lin, Yuqi Hong, Xueqing Lin, Qi Zhong, Songsong Wu","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2025.2602514","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02656736.2025.2602514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare ultrasound-guided thermal ablation (TA) with conventional neck dissection (CND) for recurrent low-burden lymph node metastasis (≤3 lesions, <2 cm) in regional recurrences of thyroid papillary carcinoma, and to guide risk-adaptive therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A dual-center retrospective study (2016-2022) analyzed 230 patients with recurrent lymph node metastasis, stratified into TA (<i>n</i> = 115) and reoperation groups (<i>n</i> = 115). Endpoints included recurrence-free survival, complications, thyroglobulin (Tg) dynamics, quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30), and healthcare costs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Oncological Outcomes: No significant difference in 36-month recurrence rates (Log-rank <i>p</i> = 0.54; Bonferroni-corrected <i>p</i> = 1.00).Safety: Similar complication rates (nerve injury, hypocalcemia, hematoma, infection; all <i>p</i> > 0.7).TA Advantages: Shorter operative time, less blood loss, faster recovery, shorter hospital stays, and lower costs. Nearly 50% of TA-treated patients achieved complete lymph node volume reduction (100% VRR) within 36 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TA demonstrates non-inferior oncological efficacy compared to CND for strictly selected patients with recurrent low-burden lymph node metastasis, offering minimally invasive, risk-adaptive therapeutic strategies with superior procedural efficiency and quality-of-life benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":520653,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group","volume":"43 1","pages":"2602514"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147518209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of graphene-coated and uncoated gold nanostars for enhanced photothermal therapy: experimental and simulation.","authors":"Mohanna Etemadi, Saeed Golmohammadi, Seyed Hossein Rasta, Iraj Ahadzadeh, Hassan Nasiri Mardangom","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2026.2722157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2026.2722157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This study aims to evaluate and compare the photothermal responses of gold nanostars (AuNSs) and graphene-coated gold nanostars (G-AuNSs), which are considered promising photothermal agents due to their high plasmonic absorption and efficient light-to-heat conversion.<b>Method:</b> A combined experimental and numerical approach was employed to assess the photothermal behavior of AuNSs and G-AuNSs under tissue-mimicking phantom conditions. A three-dimensional finite element method (FEM)-based optical-thermal model was developed and validated using a multilayer liver-mimicking phantom. Star-shaped AuNSs and G-AuNSs with sizes of approximately 80-250 nm were synthesized via seed-mediated growth and subsequent graphite oxide coating. Each nanoparticle system was examined at its respective plasmon-matched excitation wavelengths: 810 nm for AuNSs and 1064 nm for G-AuNSs.<b>Results:</b> The FEM predictions were found to be in good agreement with infrared thermography measurements, with maximum temperature differences below 2 °C under the tested conditions. Under the irradiation conditions (1 W·cm-2 for 700 seconds), AuNSs achieved peak temperatures of approximately 44-45 °C, while G-AuNSs produced temperature elevations of approximately 57-58 °C. Cumulative thermal dose (CEM43) analysis indicated significantly higher thermal dose accumulation for G-AuNSs compared to AuNSs. Additionally, cooling-curve analysis revealed higher photothermal conversion efficiencies for G-AuNSs (67.8% experimentally and 71.1% from phantom-matched FEM estimation) in contrast to AuNSs (51.2% experimentally and 55.4% from FEM estimation).<b>Conclusion:</b> The findings of this study demonstrate that G-AuNSs exhibit superior photothermal heating performance compared to AuNSs under the investigated NIR-I and NIR-II irradiation conditions. This highlights the potential of graphene-coated gold nanostars for improved photothermal applications in the NIR-II range, while also acknowledging the limitations associated with phantom-based validation and wavelength-dependent excitation effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":520653,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group","volume":"43 1","pages":"2722157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148901825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave temperature imaging with microwave ablation - phantom experiments.","authors":"Paul M Meaney, Keith D Paulsen, William Park","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2026.2715591","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02656736.2026.2715591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To perform a series of microwave ablation phantom heating experiments while monitoring the temperature with microwave tomography and to assess whether the heating patterns differ when the HeatSYNC gel is positioned close to the microwave ablation device.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The heating proceeded over 10 minutes with a cooling period of 5 minutes afterwards. Data was acquired at 10 second intervals in 0.5 second snap shots. The images were reconstructed off-line using our fast, discrete dipole approximation-based algorithm. The study was repeated for the case with just the microwave ablation antenna embedded in an agar gel and afterwards in a similar gel but with two thin cylinders of HeatSYNC^TM gel positioned next to the antenna. The HeatSYNC^TM gel is a protein-based formulation that is designed to absorb electromagnetic energy. The gel is developed to enhance the performance of thermal ablation of large tumors. its high conductivity acts to direct more of the heating towards it and away from the opposite side of the ablation antenna. The purpose of the gel is to enable the technician to tailor the heating and ablation patterns to larger and specific tumor configurations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show good correlation between the recovered microwave images and the associated temperature rises. It also shows expected changes to the heating patterns for the case when the HeatSYNC gel is placed close to the microwave ablation device.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These pilot results demonstrate that the microwave imaging is capable of recovering accurate property distributions that reflect the heating patterns. It also shows that the HeatSYNC^TM gel has the desired effect on the heating pattern and the results are consistent with previous simulation investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":520653,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group","volume":"43 1","pages":"2715591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148724225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung cryoablation: morphological evolution and CT patterns of the ablation zone.","authors":"Rémi Grange, Antonin Chemin, Nicolas Magand, Noémie Lutz, Elisabeth Daguenet, Sylvain Grange","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2026.2733212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2026.2733212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The morphological evolution of lung ablation zones following cryoablation (CA) remains incompletely characterized. This study aimed to describe CT pattern evolution up to 18 months and evaluate the 1-month pattern as an early marker of long-term morphological trajectory.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective single-center study included 58 lesions in 28 patients treated with CT-guided CA (triple-freeze protocol, 2020-2024). Non-contrast CT was performed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. Ablation zones were classified into five patterns: cavity, nodular, fibrosis, atelectasis, and reversed halo sign (RHS). Univariate analyses explored factors associated with each pattern at 1 and 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 1 month, cavity predominated (47%), followed by nodular (31%), fibrosis (10%), atelectasis (7%), and RHS (5%). By 6 months, fibrosis became the predominant pattern (43%); by 18 months (<i>n</i> = 34), it reached 65% and cavity disappeared. Median major axis decreased from 29 [22-34] mm to 17 [0-23] mm at 6 months (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Atelectasis at 1 month were associated with persistent atelectasis at 6 months (100%, 7/7 vs. 12/51, 24%; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and pleural contact (<i>p</i> = 0.016). The nodular pattern showed a non-significant trend toward fibrotic resolution (61% vs. 35%, <i>p</i> = 0.087). No procedural variable was associated with CT pattern.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 1-month CT pattern may serve as an imaging marker of long-term ablation zone evolution. Atelectasis and RHS were associated with atelectasis, whereas fibrosis became the predominant pattern and cavity disappeared over time. These exploratory findings require prospective validation in larger cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":520653,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group","volume":"43 1","pages":"2733212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149019489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning-based segmentation of non-perfused volume after magnetic resonance guided high-intensity focused ultrasound therapies: a retrospective evaluation on clinical patient data.","authors":"Chenchen Bing, Teija Sainio, Ari Partanen, Simon Köttgen, Roberto Blanco Sequeiros","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2026.2711102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2026.2711102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Non-perfused volume (NPV) is a key imaging biomarker for treatment efficacy in MR -guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU). In uterine fibroids therapies, the NPV ratio is strongly associated with clinical outcomes and long-term efficacy. We developed and clinically evaluated a deep learning-based automatic NPV segmentation model to facilitate standardized and efficient post-treatment assessment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images from 79 patients treated with MR-HIFU were retrospectively analyzed, with NPVs manually delineated as the reference. A 2D U-Net convolutional neural network was optimized using a Tversky loss function (α = 0.7) to prioritize volumetric robustness. Performance was evaluated using similarity metrics (Dice coefficient [DC], 95th percentile Hausdorff distance [HD95]) and clinically relevant measures, including Bland-Altman analysis of volumetric quantification error, precision, recall, slice-level missing rate, and processing time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the independent test cohort (<i>n</i> = 12), the model achieved a median DC of 0.900 (IQR: 0.841-0.920) and a median HD95 of 0.42 (IQR: 0.32-0.60) mm. Median absolute NPV quantification error was 4.3 mL (IQR: 2.6-8.4 mL), corresponding to a median relative error of 2.3% (IQR: -2.4% - 10.5%). Precision and recall were 0.909 (IQR: 0.843-0.940) and 0.912 (IQR: 0.881-0.931), respectively, with 2.8% of ground truth-positive slices missed. Average processing time per patient (∼384 slices) was 1-2 min.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed 2D U-Net provides accurate and time-efficient automatic NPV segmentation. Quantitative and clinically oriented evaluation demonstrates reliable volumetric assessment with minimal slice-level omission, supporting integration into routine MR-HIFU treatment workflows.</p>","PeriodicalId":520653,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group","volume":"43 1","pages":"2711102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149122721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of the biological effects on U87 and FaDu 3D spheroids after their exposure to different hyperthermia modes.","authors":"Rogier van Oossanen, Robin A Nadar, Gerarda van de Kamp, Maayke M P Kuijten, Ioannis Androulakis, Jérémy Godart, Antonia G Denkova, Gerard C van Rhoon, Jeroen Essers, Kristina Djanashvili","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2026.2740826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2026.2740826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically compare the impact of four hyperthermia (HT) modalities, water bath (WB), amplitude-modulated and non-modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (AMRF and RF), and magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) in 3D tumor spheroid models, and to evaluate how different thermal doses influence treatment outcomes and translational relevance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>3D spheroids of U87 glioblastoma and FaDu squamous carcinoma cells were exposed to thermal doses of 15, 30 and 120 CEM43 corresponding to 42 °C (60 min), 43 °C (30 min), and 45 °C (30 min), accounting for modality-dependent heating rates. Cell viability was assessed immediately after treatment and seven days later. Morphological changes, TUNEL staining, and apoptosis were evaluated in FaDu spheroids, while BRCA2 protein levels were analyzed in both spheroid types to investigate potential effects on homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immediately after treatment, U87 spheroids showed up to a 40% reduction in viability, while FaDu spheroids exhibited moderate sensitivity. By day 7, viability had largely recovered across most heating modalities and doses. However, U87 spheroids treated with MNP heating at 45 °C displayed sustained cytotoxicity, with viability reduced to 29%. In FaDu spheroids, morphological alterations, TUNEL positivity, and apoptosis correlated with increasing thermal dose. Reduced BRCA2 protein levels suggested possible impairment of homologous recombination repair, though functional validation was not conducted. At moderate thermal doses, all modalities produced comparable biological effects, whereas high-dose MNP heating resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that at moderate thermal doses, all tested HT-modalities produced comparable biological responses in both 3D spheroid models, while high-dose MNP-mediated heating markedly enhanced cytotoxicity, likely due to combined nanoparticle-specific and thermal effects. These results highlight the usefulness of 3D spheroid models for assessing modality-dependent HT responses and may help guide the design of clinically relevant thermal therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520653,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group","volume":"43 1","pages":"2740826"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}