Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Lesson from the continuing 21st century motor vehicle success.","authors":"David Hemenway,&nbsp;Lois K Lee","doi":"10.1136/ip-2022-044635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2022-044635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1999, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention proclaimed the reduction in motor vehicle fatalities to be one of the great public health achievements of the 20th century. That motor vehicle success story has had enormous intellectual impact on the injury prevention field, providing many guiding lessons. Can we learn any lessons from what has happened to motor vehicle safety in the 21st century? A key lesson may come from the fact that the great injury achievement of reducing the motor vehicle death rate did not stop in 2000-it continued. We believe that is largely due to the 20th century creation of the conditions that promote continuous declines in injury. By contrast, in the firearms area, these conditions do not exist, and rates of death have not fallen, but have increased. As the idea of continuous quality improvement has become a staple in medicine, we should similarly have a focus on how to continuously reduce injuries. An important lesson from the 21st century motor vehicle success story for the injury prevention field is that we should put more strategic emphasis on creating the conditions that will lead to continuous reductions in injuries. But first we need a much better understanding of what those conditions are.</p>","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"480-482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40473260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is in the name? What is our game?","authors":"Rakhi Dandona","doi":"10.1136/ip-2022-044673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2022-044673","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"395"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40372151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governance and injury prevention.","authors":"Martha Híjar","doi":"10.1136/ip-2022-044669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2022-044669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urban governance implies that state authorities and other actors (including private and social sectors) work together with authentic community participation as needed to meet the challenges to achieve urban health. In this context, addressing the problem of injury is critical. In urban space, injuries can occur for various external causes (falls, burns, even interpersonal violence, etc). This paper includes a discussion and analysis of governance mechanisms on urban areas, in terms of the implementation of the safe system approach which has been proposed as the best preventive strategy, to assure road safety, mostly at urban spaces, for injury prevention. The existence of governance mechanisms needs to be considered as a primary issue to be included on injury research to evaluate the implementation for preventive programmes on the injury field in general, especially those occurred at urban spaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"299-300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40495735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of an intersection conflict warning system at two-way stop-controlled rural intersections: difference-in-differences and triple-difference analytical approaches.","authors":"Disi Tian,&nbsp;Susan G Gerberich,&nbsp;Hyun Kim,&nbsp;Andrew D Ryan,&nbsp;Darin J Erickson,&nbsp;Nichole L Morris","doi":"10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Intersection conflict warning systems (ICWSs) have been implemented at high-risk two-way stop-controlled intersections to prevent right-angle crashes and associated injuries. This study involved investigation of the impacts of ICWSs on crash reductions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study used a quasi-experimental design to analyse the potential causal relations between Minnesota's ICWSs and various crash rate outcomes (including total, injury, non-injury, targeted right-angle and non-right-angle crashes) in pre-post analyses. A restricted randomisation method enabled identification of three controls to each ICWS treatment intersection, and included as many comparable intersection characteristics as possible. Annual crash rates (per year per intersection) were analysed over the same periods before and after system activation for treatment and control intersections in each matched group. Pre-crash data for 3 years and post-crash data for up to 5 years were included, ranging from 2010 to 2018. Negative binomial regression models with generalised estimating equations were applied to estimate the average, immediate and continuing treatment effects of ICWSs, through the difference-in-differences and difference-in-difference-in-difference approaches, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ICWS treatment was significantly associated with a decreasing trend for targeted right-angle crash rates posttreatment. Although not statistically significant, most crash rate outcomes appeared to be elevated immediately after treatment (statistically significant for sideswipe crashes only). Pre-post differences in average crash rates (over entire periods), except for incapacitating injury-related crashes, were not statistically significant between treatment and control intersections.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study provided important insight into potential causal associations between intersection safety countermeasures and crashes at high-risk rural two-way stop-controlled intersections.</p>","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"204-210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39575102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot study to evaluate school safety zone built environment interventions.","authors":"Linda Rothman,&nbsp;Rebecca Ling,&nbsp;Brent E Hagel,&nbsp;Colin Macarthur,&nbsp;Alison K Macpherson,&nbsp;Ron Buliung,&nbsp;Pamela Fuselli,&nbsp;Andrew William Howard","doi":"10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>School safety zones were created in 2017 under the City of Toronto's Vision Zero Road Safety Plan. This pilot study examined the effect of built environment interventions on driver speeds, active school transportation (AST) and dangerous driving.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Interventions were implemented at 34 schools and 45 matched controls (2017-2019). Drivers travelling over the speed limit of >30 km/hour and 85th percentile speeds were measured using pneumatic speed tubes at school frontages. Observers examined AST and dangerous driving at school arrival times. Repeated measures beta and multiple regression analyses were used to study the intervention effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most schools had posted speed limits of 40 km/hour (58%) or ≥50 km/hour (23%). A decrease in drivers travelling over the speed limit was observed at intervention schools post-intervention (from 44% to 40%; OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.96). Seventy-one per cent of drivers travelled >30 km/hour and the 85th percentile speed was 47 km/hour at intervention schools, with no change in either postintervention. There were no changes in speed metrics in the controls. AST increased by 5% (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.54) at intervention schools. Reductions in dangerous driving were observed at all schools.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Posted speed limits were >30 km/hour at most schools and high proportions of drivers were travelling above the speed limits. There were reductions in drivers exceeding the speed limit and in dangerous driving, and modest increased AST post intervention. Bolder interventions to slow traffic are required to effectively reduce speeding around schools, which may increase safe AST.</p>","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"243-248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/20/injuryprev-2021-044299.PMC9132849.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39368658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did attending P.A.R.T.Y. change youth perceptions? Results from 148 Queensland schools participating in the Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth Program, 2018-2019.","authors":"Cate M Cameron,&nbsp;Rob Eley,&nbsp;Chantelle Judge,&nbsp;Roisin O'Neill,&nbsp;Michael Handy","doi":"10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y.) is an immersive 1 day in-hospital injury awareness and prevention programme designed to educate high-school students on the consequences of a variety of risk-taking behaviours. This multisite contemporary analysis examined differences in programme effect and temporal changes on participant knowledge and attitudes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Metropolitan and rural schools were invited to attend the programme at one of the 11 hospital sites throughout Queensland, Australia. Pre-post study design with participant questionnaires provided at three time periods: immediately preprogramme and postprogramme, and 4 months later. The questionnaire used scenarios to determine a participant's opinion on the safety of drugs/alcohol, driving and risk-taking activities, using Likert scales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5999 students participated in the programme between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2019. Responses to all questions related to safety, harm or risk followed a similar pattern. The immediate postcourse responses demonstrated significant increased awareness of risk or change in action, followed by a decay at 4 months to within 10% of preprogramme levels. Public school students, males and students from Central and North Queensland demonstrated lower risk-aversion (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated across more than 100 school sites, the positive change in knowledge and student participant attitudes towards risk-taking behaviours after attending the P.A.R.T.Y. programme. The need to address the significant decay at the 4-month follow-up was identified. Findings offered potential for tailoring of messaging to target key demographic groups/topics where the decay was greatest.</p>","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"218-224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39532003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol-impaired driving among adults-USA, 2014-2018.","authors":"Vaughn Barry, Amy Schumacher, Erin Sauber-Schatz","doi":"10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044382","DOIUrl":"10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alcohol-impaired driving (AID) crashes accounted for 10 511 deaths in the USA in 2018, or 29% of all motor vehicle-related crash deaths. This study describes self-reported AID in the USA during 2014, 2016 and 2018 and determines AID-related demographic and behavioural characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from the nationally representative Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Adults were asked 'During the past 30 days, how many times have you driven when you have had perhaps too much to drink?' AID prevalence, episode counts and rates per 1000 population were estimated using annualised individual AID episodes and weighted survey population estimates. Results were stratified by characteristics including gender, binge drinking, seatbelt use and healthcare engagement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nationally, 1.7% of adults engaged in AID during the preceding 30 days in 2014, 2.1% in 2016 and 1.7% in 2018. Estimated annual number of AID episodes varied across year (2014: 111 million, 2016: 186 million, 2018: 147 million) and represented 3.7 million, 4.9 million and 4.0 million adults, respectively. Corresponding yearly episode rates (95% CIs) were 452 (412-492) in 2014, 741 (676-806) in 2016 and 574 (491-657) in 2018 per 1000 population. Among those reporting AID in 2018, 80% were men, 86% reported binge drinking, 47% did not always use seatbelts and 60% saw physicians for routine check-ups within the past year.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although AID episodes declined from 2016 to 2018, AID was still prevalent and more common among men and those who binge drink. Most reporting AID received routine healthcare. Proven AID-reducing strategies exist.</p>","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"211-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/13/df/injuryprev-2021-044382.PMC9068825.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39699913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-fatal gunshot injuries during criminal acts in Mexico, 2013-2019.","authors":"Eugenio Weigend Vargas,&nbsp;Carlos Perez Ricart","doi":"10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As the volume of firearms (legal and illegal) in Mexico grows, gun violence has become a major public health challenge. While studies have focused on gun-related homicides and robberies, there is a dearth of research addressing non-fatal gunshot injuries. At the same time, official government sources report limited information and undercount these injuries.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this article is threefold. First, to provide data of non-fatal gunshot injuries sustained during crimes in Mexico; second, to estimate their initial individual healthcare costs; finally, to compare those costs to those resulting from other forms of injuries. This article contributes to discussions on gun violence in Mexico and its impact on public health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed Mexico's National Crime Victimization Survey from 2014 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We estimated that there were approximately 150 415 non-fatal gunshot injuries during crimes perpetrated from 2013 to 2019. We found that most non-fatal criminal gunshot injuries occur during a robbery and that victims tend to be men and young people between 18 and 35 years of age. Most of these injuries occur in urban areas and public spaces. While non-fatal gun-related injuries are not as common during crimes as other non-fatal injuries, their initial individual healthcare expenses are significantly higher. Crimes involving gun-related injuries reported an average expense of 16 643 pesos and crimes involving other forms of injuries reported an average of 1281 pesos. This discrepancy highlights the health burden associated with gun violence.</p>","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"238-242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39822403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traffic safety lessons ignored in confronting COVID-19.","authors":"Leonard Evans","doi":"10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044484","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39591525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Home as the first site for suicide prevention: a Hong Kong experience.","authors":"Cheuk Yui Yeung,&nbsp;Yu Men,&nbsp;Yu-Chih Chen,&nbsp;Paul Siu Fai Yip","doi":"10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There has been little research into at-home suicide cases globally, and particularly in Asian regions. This study aimed to investigate the differences in characteristics between suicide cases in Hong Kong that occurred at home and elsewhere; identify at-home suicide hotspots in the community and compare the differences in area-level characteristics between suicide hotspots and other areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Suicide cases (2013-2017) were identified from Hong Kong Coroner's Court reports. Area-level socioeconomic data were retrieved from the 2016 Hong Kong census. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, χ² tests and multiple logistic regression models were applied to compare differences in characteristics between people committing suicide at home and elsewhere. Global hotspot tests (Moran's I and Getis-Ord General G) and local analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) identified at-home suicide community hotspots. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare differences in area-level characteristics between at-home suicide hotspots and non-hotspots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 60% of suicide cases in Hong Kong occurred at home. Being female, widowed and/or living alone were significant predictors of at-home suicide cases. A U-shaped association between age and at-home suicide was identified, with 32 years of age being the critical turning point. An at-home suicide hotspot was identified in the north-western region of Hong Kong, which had lower median household income, higher income inequality and higher percentages of households with single elderly people, and new arrivals, compared with other areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Suicide prevention should start at home by restricting access to suicide methods. Community-based suicide prevention interventions with improvement of social services should target vulnerable members in identified suicide hotspots.</p>","PeriodicalId":520647,"journal":{"name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"225-230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39575103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}