European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Influence of molar incisor hypomineralization on oral health-related quality of life in 8-10-year-old children: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"H Samha, T Walia, R M Shetty, K Baroudi, R Hashim, E D Berdouses","doi":"10.1007/s40368-025-01099-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-025-01099-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study used the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) to compare the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of children with and without molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and to evaluate the effect of MIH severity on OHRQoL in children 8-10 years of age.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The sample consisted of 272 children (132 males, 48.5% and 140 females, 51.5%) 8-10-year-old, treated in a postgraduate paediatric dental clinic and undergraduate clinics at the Dental College, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Participants were evaluated for their dental caries and plaque status as well as the presence and severity of MIH. A CPQ8-10 was given to the children to complete by a single interviewer. SPSS v30 was used to do statistical analysis at a level of α ≤ 0.05. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the two groups and regression analysis to model the relationship between variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (SD) age of the sample was 9.0 (SD = 0.87). Of the 272 children, 159 had MIH and 113 were in the comparison group. The CPQ8-10 mean overall score and the scores of all domains in MIH-affected children were significantly higher than in children in the comparison group 42.5 (SD = 24.34) vs. 12.0 (SD = 10.96); p < .001, showing that MIH could have a negative impact on OHRQoL. Similar trends were seen in all four subdomains. Regarding severity, CPQ8-10 mean scores increased from mild to severe forms of MIH, while males showed higher CPQ8-10 scores than females.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to children without MIH, children with MIH exhibit a lower OHRQoL; the impairment increases with severity in all four domains of oral health, functional limitations, emotional and social well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence mapping and quality assessment of randomised trials related to molar incisor hypomineralisation.","authors":"J Garima, E Wadhwani, N Tewari, K Bekes, V Mathur, M Rahul","doi":"10.1007/s40368-025-01100-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-025-01100-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) as an oral health condition has been known for the past 25 years. Several randomised clinical trials (RCTs) have been conducted pertaining to the management of different manifestations of MIH. This study aims to identify these RCTs, distribute them in domains and subdomains, describe their characteristics, and analyse their quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The systematic search strategy was formulated based on the key elements of the research question and performed electronically on six databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Sciences, and LILACS on February 28, 2025. Any study that is a RCT related to any domain of MIH was included. The data was extracted and analysed, and their quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB 2.0) tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 39 RCTs were included. The majority of them were in the domain of Therapeutics-General followed by Therapeutics-Molar and Therapeutics-Incisor. More than half of the RCTs followed the CONSORT guidelines and displayed methodological variability. Amongst the included studies, 20 had low risk of bias (ROB), 13 had some concerns, and six studies had high ROB.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study may serve as a roadmap for MIH researchers for identifying the areas where new, high-quality trials are urgently needed, such as pulp therapy, prognostic severity, extraction of MIH affected molars, caries risk, oral health related quality of life, health economics evaluation, and complications. The researchers may also take note of methodological characteristics of existing RCTs and improve future trials. Moreover, the study can help identify areas ready for systematic reviews or their updates, ultimately guiding evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enamel thickness and density of primary teeth with and without early childhood caries: a micro-computer tomography assessment.","authors":"R M Shetty, T Walia, M S Muthu, A Luke, E Berdouses, S S Yadadi, N Zahoor, A Saikia","doi":"10.1007/s40368-025-01098-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-025-01098-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Differences in enamel density and thickness influence caries risk, emphasising their role in targeted early childhood caries (ECC) prevention. This study aims to compare the enamel thickness and density of unaffected enamel in primary teeth with ECC to that of caries-free (non-ECC) primary teeth using micro-computed tomography.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 128 primary teeth were analysed and divided into two groups: Group I (unaffected surface of the enamel of primary teeth with ECC) and Group II (healthy teeth). Enamel thickness and density of healthy surfaces of both groups were measured using a μCT 100 system, and differences between groups were statistically evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Enamel thickness was significantly higher in Group I (0.973 mg HA/ccm) compared to Group II (0.553 mg HA/ccm), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001). The mean enamel density in Group I was 2255.75 µm compared to 2294.71 µm in Group II (p = 0.001). In both the maxilla and mandible, Group II (healthy teeth) surfaces had higher enamel density (p = 0.001), whilst enamel thickness showed no significant difference. Amongst anterior teeth, Group II teeth surfaces exhibited significantly higher enamel density (p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Enamel density, more than enamel thickness, emerges as a key indicator of ECC risk, enabling paediatric dentists to more accurately predict and identify vulnerable tooth surfaces before the onset of visible caries.</p>","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and oral health in children and adolescents: a systematic review.","authors":"M Chatti, N Chebbi, A Baaziz","doi":"10.1007/s40368-025-01096-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-025-01096-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This systematic review investigates ADHD's impact on oral health, comprised of dental caries, periodontal status, oral health-related behaviors and traumatic dental injuries, in children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search strategy was conducted on 6 electronic databases: PubMed, COCHRANE, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, WebOfScience and Virtual Health Library. Studies investigating oral health outcomes (caries, periodontal health, oral hygiene behaviors, traumatic dental injuries) in subjects aged 6-18 years old and diagnosed with or screened positively for ADHD were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies (sample sizes: 34 to 851) were reviewed. Four of fourteen studies reported significantly higher caries (DMFT scores or prevalence) in children with ADHD (e.g., <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.001</mn></mrow> </math> ). Poorer oral hygiene was noted in 2 of 5 studies (significant plaque index differences, <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.022</mn></mrow> </math> , 0.012). Children with ADHD were also less likely to brush daily (63.3% vs. 83.3%; OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.18-0.91). Dental trauma incidence was higher in 4 of 7 studies ( <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.022</mn></mrow> </math> - <math><mrow><mo><</mo> <mn>0.001</mn></mrow> </math> ). Periodontal health results were mixed. Overall, children with ADHD showed poorer oral health outcomes compared to controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although trends suggest that children with ADHD may be at increased risk for dental caries, trauma, and suboptimal oral hygiene, current evidence remains inconclusive due to methodological limitations and variability across studies. These findings nonetheless highlight the need of heightened awareness and tailored dental care strategies from clinicians and parents. Given the prevalence of ADHD, practitioners must recognize its impact on oral health and adapt their preventive and management approaches to provide inclusive, effective care.</p>","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144986300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chewing efficiency in children with motor speech disorders.","authors":"H Björelius, G Tsilingaridis, F Johansson, J Trang, A Grigoriadis, R Thorman, H Terband","doi":"10.1007/s40368-025-01095-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-025-01095-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate chewing efficiency in children with speech sound disorders (SSD). With a focus on those with motor speech disorders (MSD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A clinical sample of 101 children with SSDs (78 with MSD), aged 4-9 years, and a control group of 76 typically developing (TD) children participated. Chewing efficiency was assessed using the two-colour Hue-Check^© chewing gum test. A computer-based image analysis measured colour mixing after 20 chewing cycles, generating the outcome variable SDHue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An independent samples t-test showed that children with SSD chewed less efficiently than TD children. A one-way ANOVA revealed that children with MSD + (i.e., all children with MSD who also had concomitant language-oriented diagnoses [LD] and/or oral motor developmental delay [ODD]) aged 7-9 years had significantly lower chewing efficiency than age-matched TD peers (p < 0.001, η² = 0.305).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with MSD demonstrated reduced chewing efficiency compared to their TD peers. Possibly reflecting a broader, not yet fully understood, symptom complex. Oral motor developmental delay (ODD) was common across the entire SSD group. These findings underline the importance of future research exploring symptom interrelations and guiding targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144986258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical insights into dental care for siblings with Jamuar syndrome: a rare genetic dual case report.","authors":"Rahul Bhandary, Saumya Shekhar Jamuar, Srikala Bhandary, Geethu Venugopalan, Dhvani Abhijit Tanna","doi":"10.1007/s40368-025-01097-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40368-025-01097-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Jamuar syndrome, caused by a mutation in a protein-coding gene called the UGDH (UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase), is an extremely rare genetic condition that presents with craniofacial dysmorphisms, developmental delay and epileptic encephalopathy. Despite its rarity, a proper diagnosis and management depends on the knowledge of its oral clinical presentation and genetic foundation to ensure thorough oral rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The clinical characteristics of Jamuar disease described in this report are of two siblings, 20- and 13-year-old sisters, who both displayed a constellation of symptoms consistent with the disease. Both the children displayed unique physical phenotypes, such as developmental delays and craniofacial dysmorphism, along with distinct physical impairments and intellectual difficulties. The older sibling presented with early onset chronic localized periodontitis and comprehensive dental treatment was carried out under general anaesthesia, while the younger sibling had generalized gingivitis and an enamel fracture with upper left central incisor.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Multiple affected siblings and the rare occurrence of Jamuar syndrome emphasize the hereditary and familial basis of the condition. This instance emphasizes how crucial it is to take uncommon genetic abnormalities into account when making a differential diagnosis for children who exhibit complicated clinical presentations. Future treatment approaches for Jamuar syndrome may be guided by more research that clarifies its pathophysiology, and the formulation of an oral care plan.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The discovery that these siblings have Jamuar syndrome adds to the expanding amount of information about this uncommon condition and highlights the need for dental practitioners to be more cognizant of it. Genetic testing and family history analysis are essential for diagnosing and understanding the implications of rare genetic conditions like Jamuar syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral health-related quality of life and factors associated with sleep bruxism in Brazilian preschool children: comparative cross-sectional study.","authors":"A G Pereira, M A Rodrigues, C L Drumond, F Vargas-Ferreira, J M Serra-Negra, L C Silva-Freire, M O Guimarães, R G Vieira-Andrade","doi":"10.1007/s40368-025-01092-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-025-01092-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of the present study was to investigate oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and factors associated with sleep bruxism (SB) in preschool children through a comparative cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred thirty-five preschool children (27 with SB and 108 without SB) were randomly selected from primary care units in the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The groups were matched for age, sex, and family income at a proportion of 1:4. Parents/guardians answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic and gestational characteristics as well as information on the child's health, and breastfeeding. The Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) was used to investigate the impact of oral problems on the OHRQoL of the preschool children, for which higher scores denote a greater negative impact. Oral clinical examinations were performed for the diagnosis of dental caries (dmft index), traumatic dental injuries, and malocclusion. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics as well as unadjusted and adjusted conditional logistic regression models (95%CI, p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final adjusted logistic regression model revealed that children who resided in rural areas (OR = 3.75; 95%CI: 1.41-9.95; p = 0.008), those with cohabitating parents (OR = 3.99; 95%CI: 1.21-13.20; p = 0.023), and those with a Baume type II lower arch (OR = 3.35; 95%CI: 1.25-8.98; p = 0.016) were more likely to have SB.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The occurrence of SB was greater in children who resided in rural areas, those with cohabitating parents, and those with a Baume type II lower arch. OHRQoL was not associated with the outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severity and extent of hypomineralised defects located on working and balancing cusps: a comparative study between primary and permanent teeth.","authors":"T C de Almeida Dos Santos, L M Marubayashi, M J D Gallo, F W G de Paula E Silva, A M de Queiroz, F K de Carvalho","doi":"10.1007/s40368-025-01094-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-025-01094-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess whether defects related to Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and Hypomineralised Second Primary Molar (HSPM), located on working cusps, exhibit greater extent and severity than those on balancing cusps.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 605 children aged 6 to 12 years were evaluated, of whom 110 presented with MIH/HSPM, comprising 268 molars (65 primary and 203 permanent). The molars were divided into two groups based on defect location: G1 (n = 170) with defects on working cusps, and G2 (n = 98) with defects on balancing cusps. Comparative assessments of defect location, extent, and severity were performed using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests, with a significance level of 5%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the overall sample, including both primary and permanent molars, no statistically significant differences were observed between G1 and G2 regarding extent (p = 0.15) or severity (p = 0.46). However, in primary molars only, significant differences were found for extent (p = 0.008), with greater lesion extension on working cusps, while severity showed no significant difference (p = 0.568).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypomineralisation-related defects located on working cusps of primary molars exhibited greater extent than those on balancing cusps.</p>","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An eye tracking analysis for the assessment of visual attention and preferences of children related to the dentist and dental operatory-a cross-sectional pilot study.","authors":"Pavithra Devi Karthikeyan, V P Mathur, K P Kochhar, K Bansal, N Tewari, R Morankar, S Jangra, S Sharma, A K Lokade","doi":"10.1007/s40368-025-01089-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-025-01089-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study aimed to use eye tracking technology to assess children's visual attention and preferences towards paediatric dentists and dental operatory. The secondary objective was to determine the stress levels associated with it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A pilot study included 40 children aged 4-12 years. Eye movements were tracked using the View-Point eye tracker, measuring mean dwell time, total fixations, time to first fixation (TTFF), and total fixation time (TFT). Respiratory and heart rates were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and paired t-test (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While no significant differences were observed in overall dwell times, TTFF, or TFT among image pairs, male children showed significantly higher dwell times and fixations for male dentist images (p = 0.02; 0.002), with similar results for female children viewing female dentist images (p = 0.007). TFT was longer for images of dentists in white coats (p = 0.008) and yellow dental chairs (p = 0.04). Stress levels did not significantly differ by gender or age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eye tracking proves to be a valuable tool in pediatric dentistry for assessing children's preferences. Children of a certain gender preferred dentists of the same gender, while most favoured dentists in white coats and yellow dental chairs. Further research with advanced technology can better explore children's dental preferences in paediatric dental settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to the letter to the editor by C. Jayam et al. entitled 'Request for consideration of methodological discrepancies in published article by Garot et al.' related to the paper \"Garot E, Rouas P, Somani C, Taylor GD, Wong F, Lygidakis NA. An update of the aetiological factors involved in molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2022;23(1):23-38. doi:10.1007/s40368-021-00646-x. PMID: 34164793\".","authors":"Elsa Garot","doi":"10.1007/s40368-025-01093-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-025-01093-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}