European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Salivary sialic acid as a diagnostic biomarker for periodontal health in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study.","authors":"Shruti Shukla, Bhojraj Nandlal, Subbarao Mvsst, Rashmi N","doi":"10.1007/s40368-026-01218-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-026-01218-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune condition that alters salivary composition due to metabolic disturbances. Saliva provides a non-invasive means of detecting systemic changes. This pilot study compared salivary pH, sialic acid concentration, antioxidant capacity, and oral health indicators between children with and without T1DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 40 children aged 6-15 years (20 with T1DM, 20 healthy controls). Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and unstimulated saliva was analysed for pH, sialic acid, and antioxidant capacity. Oral examinations included salivary flow rate, plaque index, and gingival index. Statistical analyses were performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. As several variables demonstrated non-normal distributions and subgroup sample sizes were small, non-parametric statistical methods were applied for between-group comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with T1DM demonstrated significantly lower salivary pH (6.70 ± 0.93 vs. 7.65 ± 0.27) and flow rate (3.93 ± 0.99 ml vs. 6.03 ± 1.18 ml), and higher sialic acid levels (78.13 ± 49.67 µg/ml vs. 36.84 ± 17.33 µg/ml) than controls. Plaque and gingival indices were also elevated in T1DM (p < 0.01). Antioxidant capacity was slightly higher but not statistically significant. Age-based analysis showed younger diabetic children (8-10 years) had elevated sialic acid and lower antioxidants, whereas older children (11-15 years) exhibited reduced flow rates and higher plaque/gingival indices, suggesting progressive oral changes with age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>T1DM significantly affects salivary composition and oral health in children, with age-specific variations. Salivary biomarkers, particularly sialic acid and pH, show potential as non-invasive tools for monitoring metabolic and periodontal changes in pediatric diabetes. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal and birth-related risk factors for hypomineralised second primary molars: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"K Yupanqui, D F Rojas-Gualdrón, P L Silva, A L de Farias, Manuel Restrepo, P H C Rondó, D G Bussaneli, Lourdes Santos-Pinto","doi":"10.1007/s40368-026-01213-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-026-01213-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Hypomineralised second primary molar (HSPM) is a developmental enamel defect whose aetiology remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify prenatal and birth-related risk factors associated with HSPM in children from a prospective cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was nested within the Araraquara Cohort. Of the 1,089 children considered potentially eligible for the dental assessment, 303 underwent clinical examination (27.8%). These children were followed from pregnancy through the eruption of the second primary molars. HSPM was diagnosed by a calibrated examiner using the MIH/HSPM Index. Prenatal and birth-related data were obtained from the cohort database. Associations between exposures and HSPM were analysed using generalised linear models to estimate crude and adjusted risk ratios (RR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of the children was 3.6 years (IQR: 3.1-4.2), and 53.5% were male. The incidence of HSPM was 9.6%. The most frequent findings were white-creamy demarcated opacities and lesions affecting less than one-third of the tooth surface. In the adjusted multivariable analysis, HSPM was associated with alcohol consumption during the third trimester of pregnancy (RR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.05-6.27), maternal illness during the first trimester of pregnancy (RR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.02-3.99), and higher household income in the study sample (RR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.01-1.13).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight pregnancy, particularly in the first and third trimesters, as critical periods for the development of HSPM, reinforcing the relevance of prenatal care and early identification of children at risk of developing this defect.</p>","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving oral health communication in paediatric dentistry using intraoral scanners: a multicentre pilot study.","authors":"S Schick, M A Schlenz, N Schulz-Weidner, C Frese, A Pelkonen, T Tanner","doi":"10.1007/s40368-026-01212-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-026-01212-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This multicentre pilot study examined whether intraoral scanners (IOS) enhance oral health competence in paediatric patients and their caregivers compared with conventional verbal oral health instructions (OHI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty children aged 6-14 years and their caregivers from three European university centres were randomly assigned to a control group (verbal OHI) or an intervention group (verbal OHI + IOS visualisation). Children were stratified into age groups: (6-8, 9-11, 12-14 years). Calibrated dentists performed standardised examinations and delivered OHI. In the intervention arm, an IOS scan was obtained and the 3D model was used to explain individual clinical findings. Comprehension of clinical findings was assessed after the consultation using age-adapted questionnaires. Children in the intervention group additionally rated their IOS experience using a visual analogue scale (VAS, 0-100%). Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children in the intervention group achieved higher comprehension scores (4.40 ± 1.61 vs. 3.33 ± 1.81; p = 0.019). Caregivers also scored higher in the intervention group (5.03 ± 1.25 vs. 4.10 ± 1.37; p = 0.008). Benefits were greatest in children aged 6-11 years. VAS ratings indicated acceptance: scanning was perceived as \"fun\" (83.8%), \"informative\" (81.3%) and \"enjoyable to watch\" (88.6%). Tip size was rated appropriate (68.7%), whilst agreement with \"boring\" (25.9%) and \"painful\" (24.1%) was low. The dentist's explanation was rated as clear (94.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IOS improved communication and understanding of oral health findings in paediatric dentistry, particularly amongst younger children and their caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental expectations regarding the announcement of a diagnosis of a rare oral disease: a qualitative study in Marseille, France.","authors":"I Blanchet, C Tardieu, F Michel, A Camoin","doi":"10.1007/s40368-026-01209-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-026-01209-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore parents' expectations regarding the disclosure of an oligodontia diagnosis in dental practice and analysing them through the lens of core bioethical principles (principlism).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative interview study was conducted with parents of children diagnosed with oligodontia, all of whom had attended at least one consultation at a French specialist centre. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study sample consisted of 18 parents who reported frequent dissatisfaction with the way the diagnosis was disclosed. The findings suggest that a two-step disclosure process (initial diagnosis and specialist follow-up) is commonly used. Parents valued this approach, as well as referral to patient associations. They recommended this two-step process to allow time for initial emotional adjustment and subsequent discussion. Their expectations focused on clarity of information, the provision of written materials, emotional support, and sufficient consultation time. They emphasised the need for a caring attitude, confidentiality, and tailored communication that includes both the child and the parents. A tension may arise between parental desires to protect their child and the child's right to participate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Effective disclosure of oligodontia requires more than clinical expertise; it demands a caring, ethically informed approach that balances clarity and empathy, as well as adequate time and resources, acknowledges uncertainty, and navigates the complex role of the child as a participant in their own care. The challenge, therefore, is to find the right balance between the duty of beneficence, the principle of non-maleficence, and the recognition of individual autonomy. Communication skills are essential for aligning clinical practice with parental expectations. These findings, although rooted in the context of a rare dental disease, have broader implications for improving communication in dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The current state of restorative care for children in general practice.","authors":"M Duggal","doi":"10.1007/s40368-026-01210-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-026-01210-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147731100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scrolls, screens and search bars: exploring family search behaviour and the quality of online information on molar incisor hypomineralisation.","authors":"C C Donnell, E J Bowers, J Monteiro, F Gilchrist","doi":"10.1007/s40368-026-01208-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-026-01208-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>As families increasingly rely on digital platforms to understand their child's dental diagnosis, concerns have emerged about whether online resources for molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) are fit for purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the readability, quality and actionability of online MIH information across different platforms using search terms generated by families.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted using three independent search terms across multiple search engines, audiovisual platforms and social media. The first 100 results per platform were screened and analysed using validated quality and readability tools. Descriptive content analysis was used to quantify responses and identify themes, and inter-rater reliability was calculated. Descriptive and inferential statistics summarised platform differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 2100 screened results, only 45 (2%) met the inclusion criteria. Written content was often professional, but exceeded recommended reading levels, with few meeting accepted quality benchmarks. Search engine results were dominated by academic articles and paywalled journals. YouTube videos showed modest quality but limited clinical depth, whilst TikTok and social media posts showed poor transparency and limited actionability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite high search volumes, online MIH resources remain fragmented, inaccessible and poorly tailored to family needs. Findings highlight an urgent need for discoverable, family-centred digital content and improved support for digital health literacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147719311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions in children and adolescents: consensus report.","authors":"Iain Chapple, Sotiria Gizani, Mariano Sanz, Dominique Declerck, Phoebus N Madianos, Valerie Clerehugh, Monique M Danser, Esti Davidovich, Janet Davies, Nikolaos Donos, Elisabeth Dursun, Elena Figuero, Filippo Graziani, Mervi Gürsoy, Sören Jepsen, Clara Joseph, Moritz Kebschull, Norbert Kraemer, Tina Lambrinaki, Rodrigo Lopez, David John Manton, Joerg Meyle, Ana Molina, Lior Shapira, Cheryl Somani, Georgios Tsilingaridis, Svante Twetman, Nicola X West, Biniyam Wondimu, Ferranti Wong, David Herrera","doi":"10.1007/s40368-025-01154-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-025-01154-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objectives of this focused Workshop were to update the epidemiology, aetiology, risk factors, diagnosis and management of gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions in children and adolescents, and to explore the applicability of the 2018 classification in children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The workshop discussions were informed by three specifically commissioned systematic reviews covering gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions, in systemically healthy children and adolescents, or in children and adolescents with systemic conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 70 genetic, congenital and acquired systemic conditions that impact the periodontal tissues were identified, with levels of evidence graded as very low, low, and moderate. Gingival diseases and conditions in systemically healthy children and adolescents were identified, alongside local predisposing and systemic modifying factors. Periodontitis and other periodontal conditions in the 2018 classification system also apply in children and adolescents, however there are challenges with periodontal probing in the primary and mixed dentition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Periodontal tissues in children and adolescents differ from adults and require special consideration, accounting for their stage of development and predisposing and modifying factors unique to younger patients, which may confound accurate diagnosis, prognostication and management. Specific approaches to screening, examination and treatment are necessary for safe and effective management in this patient group.</p>","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147694614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulpotomy for treating primary teeth with irreversible pulpitis: a call for action.","authors":"Nebu Philip, Mandeep Duggal, Hani Nazzal","doi":"10.1007/s40368-026-01199-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-026-01199-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This narrative review aims to assimilate the current state of evidence for considering pulpotomy as a treatment option to manage vital primary teeth clinically diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A structured literature search was undertaken on four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) to compile evidence for this narrative review. Eligible studies included clinical investigations and systematic reviews assessing outcomes of pulpotomy for treating primary teeth with clinical signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven clinical studies and two meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria for data synthesis. Across the clinical studies,clinical success of pulpotomy for management of irreversible pulpitis-affected primary teeth ranged from 95-100%, while radiographic success ranged from 90-100% at the 6-month to 1-year post-treatment follow-up. The meta-analyses of these clinical studies concluded that pulpotomy may represent a viable alternative to conventional pulpectomy for the management of irreversible pulpitis in primary teeth. Based on current evidence, new diagnostic considerations and treatment procedural guidelines have been proposed for primary tooth pulpitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Accumulating histological and clinical evidence supports pulpotomy as a successful, minimally invasive treatment option for management of primary teeth with clinical symptoms of irreversible pulpitis. The paper calls for revision of international guidelines to incorporate these developments and reduce unnecessary invasive interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147663522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM): do we need to alter terminology and definition? A scoping review.","authors":"L Bandeira Lopes, E Garot, M Elfrink, N Sabel, I Cardoso Martins, D Declerck","doi":"10.1007/s40368-026-01206-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-026-01206-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a developmental defect characterised by demarcated enamel opacities primarily affecting first permanent molars and often incisors. A similar clinical condition affects the primary dentition-hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM). The aim was to map existing literature on the definition and terminology used to describe MIH and HSPM comprehensively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Reports of primary studies addressing definition and terminology of enamel developmental defects published in the period 1985-2025, in English and involving humans were considered for inclusion. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched. Two reviewers screened retrieved papers independently for eligibility and charted the data. The protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework-registration number 10.17605/OSF.IO/RY9K8.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-seven studies were included in the review. Most papers referred to the EAPD criteria (98.1%), in some cases combined with a second system for scoring severity (13.5%). The pattern of teeth involved showed heterogeneity, with highest prevalence in first permanent molars followed by permanent incisors, but also mentioning canines, premolars and second molars. In the primary dentition, canines and first molars were also included. Most studies reported the presence of an asymmetrical distribution of lesions in severity, location and colour. Evidence reviewed supports the view that MIH and HSPM represent expressions within a broader developmental continuum of enamel mineralisation disturbances, rather than distinct entities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It may be timely to reconsider the definition and terminology currently in use to include the concept of asymmetry and the involvement of other types of teeth.</p>","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of saturated and 10% potassium iodide in reducing silver diamine fluoride staining under RMGIC restorations in primary teeth.","authors":"P Vaish, A A Ansari, R K Singh, R Khanna, S Singh","doi":"10.1007/s40368-026-01204-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-026-01204-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) effectively arrests caries lesions, but its major drawback is staining. Potassium iodide (KI) has been suggested to minimise this effect. The present clinical trial compared 10% KI and saturated KI in reducing SDF-induced staining under resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) restorations in primary teeth.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A triple-blinded, parallel-design randomised clinical trial was conducted on 46 primary teeth meeting standardised ICDAS criteria to eliminate selection bias. Teeth were randomly assigned to Group A (10% KI) or Group B (saturated KI). Changes in staining were quantified using mean grey values at baseline and follow-up intervals. Secondary outcomes included parental satisfaction assessed through a structured questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A significant difference in mean grey value change was observed between groups at the 15 day interval, with saturated KI showing greater stain reduction. However, no significant differences were found at subsequent follow-ups. Parental satisfaction related to aesthetic outcomes varied between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is one of the first clinical studies, beyond predominantly in vitro evidence, to evaluate KI formulations for SDF stain reduction under RMGIC restorations. Neither 10% KI nor saturated KI provided consistent long-term aesthetic benefits, although short-term improvements and positive parental acceptance were noted. Future trials with larger samples and adjunctive approaches are warranted to identify more reliable strategies for managing SDF-related discolouration.</p>","PeriodicalId":520615,"journal":{"name":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}