Cancer causes & control : CCC最新文献

{"title":"Endocrine-disrupting pesticides and breast cancer incidence in the United States: an ecological analysis.","authors":"Harish Neelam, Furqan Irfan, Robert Wahl, Kelly A Hirko","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02188-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-026-02188-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We examined the associations between county-level endocrine-disrupting pesticide usage and breast cancer incidence, overall and by metropolitan status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This ecological study used publicly available data from the United States Geological Survey on county-level agricultural pesticide usage (in kilograms). We focused on 38 pesticides with endocrine-disrupting properties relevant in breast cancer etiology, which were categorized by chemical class as follows: carbamates, neonicotinoids, organochlorines, organophosphates, phosphonates, pyrethroids, triazines, and other miscellaneous compounds. The analysis included 2,457 U.S. counties with data on pesticide usage (2001-2015) and age-adjusted breast cancer incidence rates (2016-2020), accounting for a latency period. Metropolitan status was assessed using the 2013 Rural-Urban Continuum Codes. Gamma regression models with a log-link function were used to estimate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between pesticides (per interquartile range increase) and age-adjusted breast cancer incidence rates, adjusting for county-level covariates including % smoking, % poverty, % unemployed, % no high school diploma, % uninsured, and residential mobility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total median pesticide use was higher in rural vs. urban counties (17,523 kg vs. 14,743 kg; p < 0.05), with some variation by pesticide class. Pesticide use was associated with slightly higher breast cancer incidence in rural counties (RR = 1.02 (95% CI 1.01, 1.03)), but not in urban counties (RR = 1.00 (95% CI 1.00, 1.00)) (p_int < 0.001). Associations differed by pesticide type.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results suggest modest positive associations between county-level endocrine-disrupting pesticide use and breast cancer incidence in rural U.S. counties, with variation by pesticide type. These findings highlight the need for further research to inform targeted prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13226314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148140652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of rurality and race/ethnicity in thyroid cancer stage at diagnosis and survival among adolescents and young adults in the United States: an analysis of 2000-2021 SEER data.","authors":"Emma Hymel, Josiane Kabayundo, Krishtee Napit, Amelia Nichols, Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02183-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-026-02183-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Relatively few studies have focused on thyroid cancer in the adolescent and young adult (AYA) population. The objective of this study was to examine racial/ethnic and geographic predictors of thyroid cancer stage at diagnosis and survival in the AYA population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based longitudinal study uses data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-22 registries database. Primary cases of malignant thyroid cancer from 2000 to 2021 diagnosed among individuals aged 15-39 were included. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the association between race/ethnicity and rurality (measured using Rural Urban Continuum codes) with stage at diagnosis (measured using SEER summary stages). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association between race/ethnicity and rurality and both cancer-specific and all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study included 74,215 AYAs with thyroid cancer. Approximately, 8% of the cases resided in rural counties. The association between race/ethnicity and stage at diagnosis differed by rurality (p = 0.010). Among AYAs with thyroid cancer, living in a rural county at diagnosis was associated with an increased hazard of all-cause mortality (aHR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.13-1.76). Additionally, compared to non-Hispanic White AYAs, the hazard of thyroid cancer-specific mortality was highest among non-Hispanic Black (aHR = 3.66, 95% CI 2.37-5.65) and Hispanic (aHR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.32-2.60) AYAs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observed racial and geographic differences in thyroid cancer stage at diagnosis and survival among AYAs in the USA. Future research should explore the underlying causes of these disparities and identify potential opportunities for intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148102487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between allostatic load and risk of breast carcinoma in situ in the UK biobank.","authors":"Chengsheng Fengfu, Xin Hua, Xiujuan Chen, Mengsi Liu, Aoqiang Chen, Binlong Wan, Hengwen Sun, Huiying Liang, Shasha Du, De-Huan Xie","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02186-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-026-02186-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The association between allostatic load (AL) and breast carcinoma in situ (BCIS) remains unclear. We investigated this relationship in the UK Biobank while also assessing its role in invasive breast cancer (IDC) for comparison.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the UK Biobank, we included 159,240 women (40-69 years). AL was derived from 12 biomarkers. Cox proportional hazards models, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and time-dependent ROC curves were used to assess associations with BCIS and IDC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median follow-up of 13.65 years, 1,320 BCIS and 7,197 IDC cases occurred. In fully adjusted models, AL was not associated with BCIS (HR per 1-point increase = 1.004; 95% CI: 0.966-1.042; p  = 0.854). RCS confirmed no non-linear relationship (p = 0.605). Conversely, AL was significantly associated with IDC (HR = 1.018; 95% CI: 1.002-1.035; p  = 0.026), indicating a 1.8% increased risk per unit increase. Predictive utility was minimal (AUC < 0.58), and sensitivity analyses using quintile-based AL scoring validated these findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While AL is an independent risk factor for IDC, it shows no association with BCIS. These findings suggest that the biological drivers of in-situ lesions differ from those of invasive progression, highlighting AL as an etiologic factor for malignancy rather than a screening tool for early-stage localization.</p>","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal trends in the probability of melanoma diagnosis in four Nordic countries, 1973-1999.","authors":"Ornella Moro, Thomas R Schopf, Marit B Veierød, Giovanni Sebastiani","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02181-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-026-02181-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the last decades, melanoma incidence has been rising in many countries, e.g., in Northern Europe, where rates are among the highest despite high latitudes. Using population incidence and demographic data from the NORDCAN database, we estimate the 5-year probability of melanoma diagnosis in 1973-1999. We consider individuals aged 30-54 years, grouped by calendar year and 5-year age group. We analyse temporal patterns to detect possible differences among countries and local deviations from the overall increasing trend in melanoma risk. Across nearly all age groups and Nordic countries, except Sweden, we observe localized peaks interrupting the monotonic increase pattern of risk over time. The locations of the peaks of different age groups are consistently associated with individuals born during or shortly after World War II. These findings suggest a possible long-term impact on melanoma risk from early-life body stressors, including dietary restrictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-cancer early detection tests: national estimates of awareness and perceived value in the United States.","authors":"Jemar R Bather, Melody S Goodman, Daniel Chavez-Yenter, José A Pagán, Kimberly A Kaphingst","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02185-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-026-02185-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compute national estimates of multi-cancer early detection (MCED) test awareness and perceived value, and to evaluate whether these estimates varied significantly across population groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the 2024 Health Information National Trends Survey, a nationally representative survey conducted by the National Cancer Institute. MCED test awareness and perceived value were based on two self-reported items. Independent variables included demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, health status, medical history, and health information behavior and technology use. Robust Poisson regression models estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The weighted sample represented 244 million U.S. adults, with 16.8% (95% CI 15.2%-18.3%) aware of MCED tests and 42.1% (40.0%-44.2%) perceiving them as very valuable. In adjusted analyses, Hispanic ethnicity (aPR = 1.28 [1.01-1.63]) and health-related social media use (aPR = 1.04 [1.01-1.06]) were significantly associated with MCED test awareness. Factors significantly associated with perceiving MCED tests as very valuable included: minoritized race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic Black: aPR = 1.31 [1.15-1.50]; Hispanic: aPR = 1.40 [1.22-1.59]), family cancer history (aPR = 1.17 [1.03-1.34]), and frequent patient portal use (≥ 6 times vs. none: aPR = 1.23 [1.06-1.42]). Conversely, adults aged 18-34, 65-74, or 75 + years were significantly less likely to perceive MCED tests as very valuable compared to those aged 50-64 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As MCED tests advance toward FDA approval and potential health insurance coverage, addressing disparities in awareness and perceived value will require targeted outreach strategies that reach populations with lower digital health engagement and ensure balanced information about both the benefits and limitations of MCED testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet, ultra-processed foods, and gut dysbiosis: linking emulsifiers to colorectal cancer risk.","authors":"Nishit Parekh, Kajal Patil, Pooja Patel","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02182-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-026-02182-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rising intake of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has raised concerns about their effects on gut microbiota and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Emulsifiers, among the various additives in ultra-processed foods, have attracted considerable interest due to their possible involvement in gut dysbiosis, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Emulsifiers, including polysorbates and carboxymethylcellulose, have the potential to compromise the intestinal barrier, modify microbial composition, and foster a pro-inflammatory environment that may facilitate the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). This review examines the mechanistic pathways connecting dietary emulsifiers to changes in gut microbiota, emphasising their impact on microbial diversity, mucosal integrity, and immune responses. The discussion includes epidemiological evidence linking UPF consumption to CRC incidence. Examining the relationship among diet, emulsifiers, and gut microbiota can guide dietary recommendations and regulatory policies to reduce CRC risk. Future research must prioritize the identification of safe food additives and the development of targeted interventions aimed at restoring gut homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"You're the person for me:\" patient perceptions of cancer care team selection and experiences with care coordination within a rural hub-and-spoke health system.","authors":"Mia St Angelo, Erika L Moen, Laura B Beidler, Christine M Gunn","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02174-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-026-02174-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cancer care requires coordination across several clinical and supportive care specialties. Patients often need multidisciplinary teams to receive guideline-supported care; however, little is known about patients' perceptions of care team selection and coordination, particularly in the context of a rural hub-and-spoke health-care system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this qualitative study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with patients regarding breast, lung, or colorectal cancer who received treatment at a large, rural academic health system. The cancer multi-team systems (cMTS) framework guided interview coding and analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We conducted interviews with 11 breast, 11 lung, and 12 colorectal cancer patients. The mean participant age was 66 (range: 34-85); 56% were female, and 41% lived in a rural area. Half (n = 17) received care only at the central hub location, with most remaining participants (n = 13) receiving care across both hub-and-spoke facilities. Results include two main themes: 1) patient preferences, including past experience, interpersonal factors, and practical issues, drove patient care team and facility selection; and 2) patient experiences with providers influenced perceptions of team-based care and teaming processes. We did not discern differences between participants whose care teams were colocated at the hub hospital compared with those spanning hub-and-spoke. We used the cMTS framework to illustrate the inputs and processes most relevant to this study population's decisions and perceptions regarding care delivery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings contribute to our understanding of patient preferences related to care team selection. These factors could be important in shaping future development of multidisciplinary cancer care teams.</p>","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13212644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its measures on one-year and three-year cancer survival using Swiss cantonal cancer registry data.","authors":"Flurina Suter, Miriam Wanner, Andreas Wicki, Dimitri Korol, Sabine Rohrmann","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02175-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-026-02175-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic and associated measures negatively impacted health outcomes of patients with severe diseases. This study investigated the short- and intermediate-term impact of the pandemic on cancer survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was based on cancer registry data of the Swiss cantons of Zurich and Zug from 2018 to 2021. Observed and relative one- and three-year survival were calculated based on lifetables for the population covered by the registry. Multivariable Royston Parmar survival regression models were fitted to compare survival before (2018/2019) and during the pandemic (2020, 2021). For patients diagnosed during the pandemic, a counterfactual analysis was conducted. Analyses were performed for overall cancer and the five most common cancer types.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 32 826 cancer cases were included. One- and three-year survival for all-cancer continuously increased from 2018 to 2021. Compared to pre-pandemic, the hazard of death was lower for all-cancer during the pandemic (2020: Hazard Ratio 0.93 [95% Confidence Interval 0.89, 0.96]; 2021: 0.91 [0.87, 0.94]) and for skin melanoma in 2021 (0.79 [0.62, 0.98]), but higher for colorectal cancer during the pandemic (2020: 1.17 [1.03, 1.32]; 2021: 1.24 [1.09, 1.40]). Observed one-year survival for all-cancer, female breast, and prostate cancer was higher in 2021 than predicted. In 2020, observed one-year survival of colorectal cancer and three-year survival of female breast cancer were lower than predicted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic appears to have had only a minimal impact on the overall increasing cancer survival trend in Switzerland, reflecting the robustness and resilience of the healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial heterogeneity of hotspots for incidence and late-stage diagnosis of breast, colorectal, and lung cancer.","authors":"Andrew P Loehrer, Heather A Carlos, Julia E Weiss, Qianfei Wang, Chelsea V Leversedge, Julia E Katter, Joseph D Phillips, Dana Ferrari-Light, Tracy Onega, Xun Shi","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02170-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-026-02170-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cancer control relies on the identification of populations at risk (hotspots) of new or late-stage cancer diagnoses. However, the extent to which hotspots differ between cancer sites or between outcome measures has been poorly characterized. We sought to determine the geospatial heterogeneity of hotspots of breast, colorectal, and lung cancer incidence and late-stage diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified adult patients diagnosed with female breast, colorectal, and lung cancer between 2010 and 2019 in Indiana. To identify hotspots for incidence and late-stage diagnoses, we disaggregated the patient residential location information from the Census block group level to the approximated individual point level. Statistically significant hotspots were identified with kernel ratio estimation. The total areas of hotspots and the overlap between hotspots were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>133,773 patients diagnosed with breast (n = 54,903), colorectal (n = 28,594), and lung (n = 50,276) cancer were included. Geospatial visualization demonstrated marked spatial deviation, with little overlapping area between incidence and late-stage hotspots for all three cancer sites (1-266 km²). However, there was slightly greater overlap in late-stage hotspots between the different cancer sites, with total overlapping hotspot areas ranging from 24 to 516 km².</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results demonstrate considerable geospatial heterogeneity of hotspots between different outcome measures and different sites of cancer. The use of disaggregated spatial data enables a more granular, precise comparison of cancer hotspots. The greatest overlap was seen between incidence hotspots of breast and colorectal cancer, which suggests similar spatial drivers and the potential for coordinated cancer control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13212680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences, adult adiposity, and risk of young-onset breast cancer subtypes in a population-based case-control study.","authors":"Lydia Marcus Post, Young Ik Cho, James Topitzes, DPhuong Do, Dorothy R Pathak, Ann S Hamilton, Amani M Nuru-Jeter, Kelly A Hirko, Jamila L Kwarteng, Richard Houang, Ann G Schwartz, Ellen M Velie","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02171-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-026-02171-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are hypothesized to increase breast cancer risk via social and physiological pathways, yet associations between ACEs and young-onset breast cancer (BC) subtypes-and potential mediators (e.g., adiposity) of these associations-are largely unstudied. We sought to evaluate associations between ACEs and young-onset BC molecular subtypes, and the potential mediating effects of adiposity, in a population-based case-control study of invasive young-onset BC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cases (n = 1,754) were identified from the Los Angeles County and Metropolitan Detroit SEER registries, 2010-2015, and area-based, frequency-matched controls (n = 1,350) sampled from the 2010 Census. Associations between ACEs aged < 18 years and young-onset BC (diagnosed ages 20 to < 50 years), overall and by subtype (luminal A, luminal B, HER2 + , triple negative [TN]), were examined using weighted logistic regression. Adult adiposity (i.e., body mass index 12 months before diagnosis, waist circumference at interview) was evaluated as a mediator of these associations using weighted path analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ACEs (≥ 1 vs 0) were not significantly associated with young-onset BC (all p_trend > 0.10); however, reporting one ACE (vs 0) was associated with TN (odds ratio [OR] = 1.85 [95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 1.08-3.16]). For individual ACEs, death of a loved one (vs 0 ACEs) was associated with HER2 + (OR = 2.50 [95%CI = 1.06-5.88]) and potentially TN (OR = 1.72 [95%CI = 0.96-3.10]) young-onset BC; other associations were non-significant. In path analyses, ACEs had a significant total effect on luminal A (β = 0.08, p = 0.03) and TN (β = 0.13, p < 0.01) tumors, with adiposity mitigating this association for luminal A tumors (β = -0.01, p = 0.04; TN β = 0.00, p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bereavement during childhood was associated with higher odds of HER2 + young-onset BC, and there was some evidence of an association between ACEs and other young-onset BC subtypes, particularly TN.</p>","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13212395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148038436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}