Soo Youn Bae, Chai Won Kim, Jehyun Chin, Jin Ah Lee, Dooreh Kim, Young Joo Lee, Chang Ik Yoon, Woo-Chan Park
{"title":"Temporal trajectories of age at breast cancer diagnosis by socioeconomic and geographic factors: a 1975-2021 SEER analysis.","authors":"Soo Youn Bae, Chai Won Kim, Jehyun Chin, Jin Ah Lee, Dooreh Kim, Young Joo Lee, Chang Ik Yoon, Woo-Chan Park","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02247-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-026-02247-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>While overall breast cancer incidence and survival trends are well-documented, long-term shifts in age at diagnosis across diverse sociodemographic groups remain poorly understood. This study quantified stage-specific temporal changes in diagnostic age across racial, socioeconomic, and geographic subgroups over four decades to identify widening \"diagnostic age gaps\" and inform equitable screening policies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study analyzed SEER 8 data (1975-2021) from 696,960 women with Stage I-III breast cancer. Annual mean age at diagnosis and rates of change (β1) were estimated using weighted ordinary least squares regression, stratified by stage, race, census tract-level income quartiles (Q1-Q4), and rural-urban continuum codes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall mean age at diagnosis increased from 60.7 to 62.7 years. Black women showed the steepest annual increases in diagnostic age across all stages, yet remained younger at diagnosis than White women throughout the study period. However, a stark divergence was observed by income: high-income groups (Q4) showed significant increases, while low-income groups (Q1) and rural populations exhibited stagnant or declining diagnostic ages (e.g., Q1 Stage II β1= - 0.028).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The upward shift in breast cancer diagnostic age is largely absent among low-income and rural populations but present in higher-income, metropolitan groups. Black women showed the steepest increases yet remained the youngest at diagnosis. Equitable, subgroup-specific screening strategies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148945965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicholas Matovu, Helen G Coleman, Gerald Mutungi, Michael Donnelly, Brian T Johnston, Maurice B Loughrey, Alfred Jatho, Noleb M Mugisha, Charlene M McShane
{"title":"Awareness of the mythical causes of cancer in central Uganda: a community cross-sectional survey.","authors":"Nicholas Matovu, Helen G Coleman, Gerald Mutungi, Michael Donnelly, Brian T Johnston, Maurice B Loughrey, Alfred Jatho, Noleb M Mugisha, Charlene M McShane","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02249-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-026-02249-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Misconceptions about cancer causes may undermine prevention efforts, yet they remain poorly studied in Africa. This study assessed awareness of mythical cancer causes among adults in central Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 428 adults (≥ 18 years) in central Uganda using multistage random sampling. Participants completed a modified Cancer Awareness Measure-Mythical Causes Scale. Good awareness was defined as correctly identifying at least 10 of 20 mythical causes. Descriptive and non-parametric analyses examined awareness and associated factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants had a mean age of 36.5 ± 14.5 years, and 61.2% were female. Awareness of mythical cancer causes was extremely low; only 1.6% correctly identified at least half of the items, with a mean score of 2.4/20 (12%). The most commonly endorsed myth was that \"eating food cooked in a polythene bag\" causes cancer (95.3%). Lower awareness was associated with older age, being married, and lower education, while having a relative with cancer was associated with better recognition of myths (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Misconceptions about cancer causes were widespread in this Ugandan population. Cancer awareness initiatives should promote evidence-based risk factors while dispelling common myths, particularly among older and less-educated populations, to strengthen cancer prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13569581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148945993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kimberly A Bertrand, Michelle Trevino-Talbot, Maggie Ruderman, Maureen Flynn, Howard J Cabral, Julie R Palmer, Catharine Wang
{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy toward cancer genetic testing among Black women with and without breast cancer.","authors":"Kimberly A Bertrand, Michelle Trevino-Talbot, Maggie Ruderman, Maureen Flynn, Howard J Cabral, Julie R Palmer, Catharine Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02234-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-026-02234-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess knowledge and attitudes regarding cancer genetic testing among Black women with and without breast cancer and to identify individual-level predictors of these outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 927 women who completed a questionnaire about personal and family history of cancer; prior hereditary cancer genetic testing; and cancer genetics knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy. Linear regression was used to examine predictors of cancer genetics knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Knowledge scores did not differ between women who had a history of breast cancer (mean, 12.5/16; SD 2.4) and those who did not (mean, 12.3; SD, 2.4). The majority of women answered most questions correctly; however, incorrect responses were common for questions about inherited cancer etiology (34% answered incorrectly), test limitations (44%), and clinical implications of a variant of uncertain significance (71%). Personal breast cancer history was associated with more favorable attitudes but not self-efficacy. Significant predictors of knowledge, attitudes, or self-efficacy included age, educational attainment, and marital status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy regarding cancer genetic testing were high among U.S. Black women regardless of prior breast cancer, though educational gaps remain.</p>","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13558296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Chen Lin, Emma Hume, Carol Boxtha, Sarah A Commaroto, Morgan Lael, Shannon M Christy, Susan T Vadaparampil, Anna R Giuliano, Anna E Coghill, Matthew B Schabath, Damon J Vidrine, Jasmine Peterson, Shannon DiPalmo, Hemali Joshi, Prerak Shukla, Jennifer I Vidrine, Jessica Y Islam
{"title":"Predictors of anal and cervical cancer screening uptake among adults with and without HIV: survey of a community-based health clinic network.","authors":"Yu Chen Lin, Emma Hume, Carol Boxtha, Sarah A Commaroto, Morgan Lael, Shannon M Christy, Susan T Vadaparampil, Anna R Giuliano, Anna E Coghill, Matthew B Schabath, Damon J Vidrine, Jasmine Peterson, Shannon DiPalmo, Hemali Joshi, Prerak Shukla, Jennifer I Vidrine, Jessica Y Islam","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02239-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-026-02239-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>People with HIV (PWH) in the United States (U.S.) are disproportionately impacted by human papillomavirus-related cancers. We aimed to identify sociodemographic, health, and social predictors of anal and cervical cancer screening uptake among adults with and without HIV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We implemented a cross-sectional survey between April and June 2024 among adult patients receiving care at a community-based clinic network (predominantly based in Florida, U.S.) that delivers HIV prevention and treatment services. Outcomes included any receipt of anal cancer screening and guideline-adherent receipt of cervical cancer screening among eligible participants. We computed adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) to identify multilevel predictors associated with screening uptake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the survey respondents, 412 (42%) were eligible for anal cancer screening and 294 (30%) for cervical cancer screening. Participants eligible for anal cancer screening included 88.8% living with HIV and 82.3% men. Men with HIV were more likely to receive anal cancer screening compared to men without HIV (aPR 1.57, 95% CI 1.08, 2.27). Among men with HIV, anal cancer screening uptake was associated with any precancer diagnosis and having three or more comorbidities. Women eligible for cervical cancer screening included 43.5% living with HIV. Women with HIV were less likely to receive guideline-adherent cervical cancer screening compared to women without HIV (aPR 0.60, 95% CI 0.47, 0.77). HIV-related disclosure concerns were associated with lower guideline-adherent cervical screening uptake among women with HIV (aPR 0.75, 95% CI 0.60, 0.94).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Screening-eligible participants with HIV were more likely to receive anal cancer screening and less likely to receive cervical cancer screening. Anal and cervical cancer screening uptake differed among subpopulations of people with HIV, including by race/ethnicity, household size, any precancer, comorbidities, and HIV-related stigma. Efforts to improve anal and cervical cancer screening uptake among high-risk and screening-eligible populations are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13558294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kathryn R K Benson, Irina Tolstykh, June M Chan, Sorbarikor Piawah, Lynne R Wilkens, Song-Yi Park, Stacey A Kenfield, Loïc Le Marchand, Christopher A Haiman, Iona Cheng, Erin L Van Blarigan
{"title":"Association of coffee intake with risk of all-cause and colorectal cancer-specific mortality among individuals with colorectal cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.","authors":"Kathryn R K Benson, Irina Tolstykh, June M Chan, Sorbarikor Piawah, Lynne R Wilkens, Song-Yi Park, Stacey A Kenfield, Loïc Le Marchand, Christopher A Haiman, Iona Cheng, Erin L Van Blarigan","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02246-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-026-02246-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Coffee may influence colorectal cancer (CRC) survival, but prior studies had limited generalizability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 1,098 participants from the Multiethnic Cohort study diagnosed with CRC between 1993-2008 who completed a food frequency questionnaire after diagnosis and were followed through 2019. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine coffee (total, caffeinated, decaffeinated) in relation to all-cause and CRC-specific mortality. Secondarily, we examined caffeine intake and explored associations by race and ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, coffee intake was not associated with risk of mortality. However, decaffeinated coffee was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR ≥1 vs. 0 cups/day: 0.71; 95% CI [0.55 - 0.91]). Additionally, associations were observed between total and caffeinated coffee in relation to all-cause mortality among Native Hawaiian participants (HR per 1 cup/day: 0.62 [0.41 - 0.94] and 0.55 [0.31 - 0.97], respectively); and with CRC-specific mortality among White participants (HR per 1 cup/day: 0.48 [0.25-0.94] and 0.45 [0.23 - 0.90], respectively). In the total cohort, caffeine intake was associated with 22% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 4th quartile vs. 1st quartile: 0.78 [0.62-0.99]) and 52% lower risk of CRC-specific mortality (HR 0.48 [0.27-0.87]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, coffee intake after CRC diagnosis was not associated with all-cause or CRC-specific mortality. Decaffeinated coffee was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality, and caffeine was associated with lower risk of all-cause and CRC-specific mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13558410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dagyeong Lee, Bongseong Kim, Kyu-Won Jung, Ga Eun Nam, Sang Youl Rhee, Seonghye Kim, Sohyun Chun, In Young Cho, Kyungdo Han, Dong Wook Shin
{"title":"Low muscle mass, obesity, and cause-specific mortality in cancer patients: a nationwide cohort study.","authors":"Dagyeong Lee, Bongseong Kim, Kyu-Won Jung, Ga Eun Nam, Sang Youl Rhee, Seonghye Kim, Sohyun Chun, In Young Cho, Kyungdo Han, Dong Wook Shin","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02244-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-026-02244-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Low muscle mass (LMM) is a risk factor for adverse health outcomes, but its prognostic relevance in cancer remains insufficiently studied. We investigated the independent and combined effects of LMM and obesity on mortality in cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cohort study included 635,867 cancer patients. LMM was defined as the lowest quartile on the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI). Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥25 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and abdominal obesity as waist circumference ≥90 cm (males) and ≥85 cm (females). Patients were classified into four groups based on muscle mass and obesity status. Cox proportional hazards models calculated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with individuals in the highest ASMI quartile, LMM had significantly higher risks of all-cause (aHR 1.25, 95% CI 1.23-1.27), cancer-specific (aHR 1.21, 95% CI 1.19-1.23), cardiovascular (aHR 1.49, 95% CI 1.36-1.64), and respiratory mortality (aHR 2.26, 95% CI 1.99-2.56). While obesity was associated with lower mortality risks than non-obese status, the LMM with obesity group exhibited the highest risk for all-cause (aHR 1.22; 95% CI, 1.16-1.28) and cancer-specific mortality (aHR 1.22; 95% CI, 1.16-1.29).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LMM was independently associated with increased mortality in cancer patients, regardless of obesity status. The adverse effect was amplified in those with both LMM and obesity, but obesity alone showed a modest inverse association. These findings highlight the clinical relevance of evaluating muscle mass and body composition in cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148898782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neill Bates, Michael Blute, Dmitry Tumin, Parker Barnwell
{"title":"Rural-urban disparities in prostate-specific antigen testing and shared decision-making in the US.","authors":"Neill Bates, Michael Blute, Dmitry Tumin, Parker Barnwell","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02243-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-026-02243-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Examine rural-urban disparities in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and participation in shared decision-making (SDM) following the 2018 USPSTF guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from the 2019, 2021, and 2023 cycles of the National Health Interview Survey including men ≥55 years, excluding those with a history of prostate cancer or missing data. We tested three outcomes: (1) ever received a PSA test; (2) past 12-month PSA testing; and (3) participation in SDM (assessed in 2019 only). The main exposure was rural-urban classification of respondents' residence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 15,393 eligible respondents. After adjusting for sampling weights and the complex sampling design, 18% of men resided in rural areas. Sixty-one percent received PSA testing, 39% received past 12-month testing, and in 2019, 48% had participated in SDM. On multivariable regression, there was no significant association between rural-urban classification and ever receiving PSA testing (aOR: 0.96; 95% CI 0.85,1.09; p=0.552), past 12-month testing (aOR: 0.96; 95% CI 0.85, 1.07; p=0.454), and participation in SDM (aOR: 0.95; 95% CI 0.78,1.15; p=0.586).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Following publication of the 2018 USPSTF guideline, we found no significant rural-urban disparities in PSA testing nor receipt of SDM. These findings might reflect declining preventive care utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic or similarly lower testing and SDM for PSA testing across both populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148883343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Letter from the Editor-in-Chief: Women's cancers and the power we are not yet using.","authors":"Immaculata De Vivo","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02233-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-026-02233-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digital health for cancer prevention: implications for current and future traditional in-person programs.","authors":"Chinenye Lynette Ejezie","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02240-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-026-02240-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digital health is expanding the range of delivery options available for cancer prevention and may support the development of integrated in-person, digital, and hybrid models. This commentary proposes a framework for cancer prevention delivery across modalities. It argues that the expansion of virtual platforms for cancer-related psychosocial and behavioral interventions may be redefining prevention pathways rather than merely adding digital options. It highlights the possible redistribution of some interventions, such as human papillomavirus vaccination and hepatitis B vaccination, toward in-person services, while cancer-related psychosocial interventions such as cancer prevention-related education can increasingly be delivered through digital platforms, which may improve access and continuity for some populations, although benefits depend on digital access, program design, and implementation context. It also raises concerns about fragmentation, equity, and implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samantha K Sarlin, Hyeyeun Lim, Xiangnan Li, Yanhong Liu, Aaron P Thrift
{"title":"Temporal changes in sex and race/ethnicity incidence rate ratios for hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States, 1992-2022.","authors":"Samantha K Sarlin, Hyeyeun Lim, Xiangnan Li, Yanhong Liu, Aaron P Thrift","doi":"10.1007/s10552-026-02238-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-026-02238-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has increased in the United States. Historically, HCC rates are higher among males than females and among racial and ethnic minorities compared with non-Hispanic White (NHW) individuals. However, HCC incidence patterns have changed over time. We examined how sex and race/ethnicity-specific incidence rate ratios (IRR) for HCC have evolved.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Age-adjusted HCC incidence rates were calculated using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 12 Program. Trends in sex- and race/ethnicity-specific IRRs were evaluated overall and by age group (< 50 vs. ≥50 years). IRRs were calculated as the ratio of age-adjusted rates for each comparison group to the reference group (male-to-female; racial/ethnic group-to-NHW), allowing assessment of relative disparities independent of absolute incidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1992 to 2022, 68,023 HCC cases were identified. Incidence increased through the early 2010s before stabilizing and declining after 2015. HCC incidence remained higher among males than females; however, the male-to-female IRR declined from 3.29 to 3.11, with the most pronounced decline among adults aged <50 years. The non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander (NHAPI)-to-NHW IRR declined from 5.86 to 1.87, while non-Hispanic Black (NHB)-to-NHW and Hispanic-to-NHW IRRs declined more modestly. Age-stratified analyses showed more pronounced declines in some relative disparities among younger adults, although several estimates were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sex- and race/ethnicity-specific relative disparities in HCC incidence narrowed over three decades. These findings indicate attenuation of relative disparities, while substantial differences in absolute HCC incidence persisted across demographic groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":520579,"journal":{"name":"Cancer causes & control : CCC","volume":"37 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}