Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees最新文献_第3页

Can We Justify Military Enhancements? Some Yes, Most No. 我们能证明加强军事力量是正当的吗?有些是，大多数不是。

IF 1.8

Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180122000421

Blake Hereth, Nicholas Evans

{"title":"Can We Justify Military Enhancements? Some Yes, Most No.","authors":"Blake Hereth, Nicholas Evans","doi":"10.1017/S0963180122000421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180122000421","url":null,"abstract":"The United States Department of Defense has, for at least 20 years, held the stated intention to enhance active military personnel (\"warfighters\"). This intention has become more acute in the face of dropping recruitment, an aging fighting force, and emerging strategic challenges. However, developing and testing enhancements is clouded by the ethically contested status of enhancements, the long history of abuse by military medical researchers, and new legislation in the guise of \"health security\" that has enabled the Department of Defense to apply medical interventions without appropriate oversight. This paper aims to reconcile existing legal and regulatory frameworks on military biomedical research with ethical concerns about military enhancements. In what follows, we first outline one justification for military enhancements. The authors then briefly address existing definitional issues over what constitutes enhancement before addressing existing research ethics regulations governing military biomedical research. Next, they argue that two common justifications for rapid military innovation in science and technology, including enhancement, fail. These justifications are (a) to satisfy a compelling military need and (b) strategic dominance. The authors then turn to an objection that turns on the idea that we need not have these justifications if warfighters are willing to adopt enhancement, and argue that laissez-faire approaches to enhancement fail in the context of the military due to pressing and historically significant concerns about coercion and exploitation. The paper concludes with what is referred to as the \"least-worst\" justification: Given the rise of untested enhancements in civilian and military life, we have good reason to validate potential enhancements even if they do not satisfy reasons (a) or (b) above.","PeriodicalId":520577,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees","volume":" ","pages":"557-569"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40712335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Incidental Findings from Deep Phenotyping Research in Psychiatry: Legal and Ethical Considerations. 精神病学深层表现型研究的偶然发现:法律和伦理考虑。

IF 1.8

Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180122000135

Amanda Kim, Michael Hsu, Amanda Koire, Matthew L Baum

引用次数: 1

The Evidence for the Pharmaceutical Strengthening of Attachment: What, Precisely, Would Love Drugs Enhance? 药物增强依恋的证据:爱情药物究竟会增强什么?

IF 1.8

Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180122000196

Peter N Herissone-Kelly

引用次数: 1

Psychedelics as Standard of Care? Many Questions Remain. 迷幻药作为治疗标准?许多问题仍然存在。

IF 1.8

Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S096318012200010X

Kurt Rasmussen, David E Olson

引用次数: 0

Fear of Dementia and the Obligation to Provide Aggregate Research Results to Study Participants. 对痴呆症的恐惧和向研究参与者提供综合研究结果的义务。

IF 1.8

Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180122000408

Mackenzie Graham, Francesca Farina, Craig W Ritchie, Brian Lawlor, Lorina Naci

引用次数: 1

Neurolaw-A Call to Action. 神经法——行动的号召。

IF 1.8

Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180122000123

David R Lawrence

引用次数: 1

Brain-State Transitions, Responsibility, and Personal Identity. 大脑状态转换、责任和个人同一性。

IF 1.8

Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S096318012100092X

Stephen Rainey, Karmele Olaciregui Dague, Roger Crisp

引用次数: 0

One Health Requires a Theory of Agency. 一种健康需要代理理论。

IF 1.8

Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180122000044

Benjamin Capps

{"title":"One Health Requires a Theory of Agency.","authors":"Benjamin Capps","doi":"10.1017/S0963180122000044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180122000044","url":null,"abstract":"One health suggests that human and animal health are comparable, but in practice, the concept aligns with the principles of public health ethics. One health ethics, as such, appears to eschew connotations of equality for the natural world. A theory of agency revises that anthropocentric assumption. This article begins with a critique of environmental dualism: the idea that human culture and nature are separate social realms, thus justifying public health as a (unifying) purpose. In response, this article argues that, first, a neuroethics of one health might equally regard humans and (some) animals, which have comparable mental states, as rational agents. Second, rational agency should ground our moral connections to nature in terms of the egalitarian interests we have (as coinhabitants) in the health of the planet. While this article makes a moderate case for interspecific rights (as the first argument asserts), neuroscience is unlikely for now to change how most public institutions regard nonhuman animals in practice. However, the second argument asserts that rational agency is also grounds for philosophical environmentalism. One health ethics, therefore, is a theory of equality and connects culture to nature, and, as such, is a separate, but coextensive approach to that of public health.","PeriodicalId":520577,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees","volume":" ","pages":"518-529"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9672926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40484349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Ethical Issues Regarding Nonsubjective Psychedelics as Standard of Care. 关于非主观致幻剂作为标准治疗的伦理问题。

IF 1.8

Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S096318012200007X

David B Yaden, Brian D Earp, Roland R Griffiths

{"title":"Ethical Issues Regarding Nonsubjective Psychedelics as Standard of Care.","authors":"David B Yaden, Brian D Earp, Roland R Griffiths","doi":"10.1017/S096318012200007X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S096318012200007X","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence suggests that psychedelics bring about their therapeutic outcomes in part through the subjective or qualitative effects they engender and how the individual interprets the resulting experiences. However, psychedelics are contraindicated for individuals who have been diagnosed with certain mental illnesses, on the grounds that these subjective effects may be disturbing or otherwise counter-therapeutic. Substantial resources are therefore currently being devoted to creating psychedelic substances that produce many of the same biological changes as psychedelics, but without their characteristic subjective effects. In this article, we consider ethical issues arising from the prospect of such potential \"nonsubjective\" psychedelics. We are broadly supportive of efforts to produce such substances for both scientific and clinical reasons. However, we argue that such nonsubjective psychedelics should be reserved for those special cases in which the subjective effects of psychedelics are specifically contraindicated, whereas classic psychedelics that affect subjective experience should be considered the default and standard of care. After reviewing evidence regarding the subjective effects of psychedelics, we raise a number of ethical concerns around the prospect of withholding such typically positive, meaningful, and therapeutic experiences from most patients.","PeriodicalId":520577,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees","volume":" ","pages":"464-471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9672929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40473105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Animal Models in Neuropsychiatry: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Moral Costs? 神经精神病学动物模型:利益大于道德成本吗?

IF 1.8

Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0963180122000147

Carrie Figdor

引用次数: 0