Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju最新文献

{"title":"Effects of exposure to insecticides on sleep and neurobehavioural functioning in puberty and adolescence: a scoping review.","authors":"Patricia Tomac, Adrijana Košćec Bjelajac, Ivana Hromatko, Veda Marija Varnai","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2025-76-4020","DOIUrl":"10.2478/aiht-2025-76-4020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insecticides are pervasive in modern world, with humans being exposed through multiple pathways including dietary intake, occupational exposure, farming activities, residential proximity to crops, and household use. Most commonly used insecticides are neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, organophosphates, and carbamates. Recent evidence suggests that even low-level exposure to these substances may have adverse effects. Adolescence, characterised by intensive maturation processes, is a period of heightened vulnerability to environmental toxicants which may increase the risk of suboptimal developmental outcomes. This review aimed to synthesise the evidence of association between insecticide exposure in childhood/adolescence and sleep and neurobehavioural functioning in children and adolescents aged 8-20 years. Literature search across Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO produced 1,492 unique records, of which 48 studies met the inclusion criteria and underwent full-text analysis. Nine of the analysed studies investigated occupational exposure. Most employed cross-sectional design. Insecticide exposure was most often assessed through biomonitoring, questionnaires or interviews, temporal or spatial proximity to crops, and environmental sampling. Occupational exposure studies were primarily conducted in Africa, whereas nonoccupational studies were mostly based in the Americas, Asia, and Europe. Cognitive functioning was the most evaluated aspect of neurobehavioural functioning, while sleep was assessed only in one study. Although the findings are heterogeneous, they suggest that both work-related and residential exposures may affect neurobehaviour and sleep in puberty and adolescence. However, further longitudinal research is needed to clarify causation and also incorporate sleep health and pubertal maturation into the design, both as outcomes and mediators of neurobehavioral effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":"76 3","pages":"159-182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145116122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical models for predicting the toxicity of micropollutant mixtures in water.","authors":"Josipa Papac Zjačić, Hrvoje Kušić, Ana Lončarić Božić","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2025-76-3976","DOIUrl":"10.2478/aiht-2025-76-3976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water pollution caused by micropollutants has been a global issue for decades, prompting the scientific community and industry professionals to develop new and effective wastewater treatment methods. Understanding the interactions of these compounds in real water samples is particularly challenging, as they contain complex mixtures that may alter the mechanism of action and toxic effects of these compounds on aquatic organisms. To address such challenges, computational methods and mathematical models have been developed to complement experimental research and predict the toxicity of micropollutant mixtures in water. This narrative review summarises current literature on such mathematical models, including the concentration addition (CA), independent action model (IA), and their combinations to predict the toxicity of mixtures involving pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and perfluorinated compounds. We also discuss computational methods like quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modelling and machine learning (ML). While the CA and IA models provide basic frameworks for predicting toxicity in chemical mixtures, their practical application is often limited by the assumption of additivity and by the complexity of real water mixtures. QSAR and ML approaches, though promising, face challenges such as limited data availability, overfitting, and difficult interpretation. Future research should focus on enhancing model robustness, incorporating mechanistic data, and developing hybrid approaches that integrate experimental and computational methods to improve the reliability of toxicity predictions for complex environmental mixtures.</p>","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":"76 3","pages":"183-194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145116098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxic, genotoxic, and oxidative stress-related effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and phencyclidine (PCP) in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line.","authors":"Andreja Jurič,&nbsp;Antonio Zandona,&nbsp;Blanka Tariba Lovaković,&nbsp;Dubravka Rašić,&nbsp;Alica Pizent,&nbsp;Goran Kozina,&nbsp;Maja Katalinić,&nbsp;Ana Lucić Vrdoljak,&nbsp;Irena Brčić Karačonji","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a classic hallucinogen, widely abused for decades, while phencyclidine (PCP) has increased in popularity in recent years, especially among the adolescents. Very little is known about the general toxicity of these compounds, especially about their possible neurotoxic effects at the cell level. The aim of this study was to address these gaps by assessing the toxic effects of 24-hour exposure to LSD and PCP in the concentration range of 0.39-100 μmol/L in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. After cell viability was established, cells treated with concentrations that reduced their viability up to 30 % were further subjected to the alkaline comet assay and biochemical assays that enable estimation of oxidative stress-related effects. Treatment with LSD at 6.25 μmol/L and with PCP at 3.13 μmol/L resulted with 88.06±2.05 and 84.17±3.19 % of viable cells, respectively, and led to a significant increase in primary DNA damage compared to negative control. LSD also caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and glutathione (GSH) level, PCP significantly increased ROS but lowered GSH compared to control. Treatment with LSD significantly increased the activities of all antioxidant enzymes, while PCP treatment significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) but decreased catalase (CAT) activity compared to control. Our findings suggest that LSD has a greater DNA damaging potential and stronger oxidative activity than PCP in SH-SY5Y cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":" ","pages":"333-342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c4/d2/aiht-72-4-333.PMC8785105.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39647611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria among Croatian seafarers between 2004 and 2014: evaluation of chemoprophylaxis use and occupational disease reporting.","authors":"Fani Žunić-Pedisić,&nbsp;Bojana Knežević","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Croatia, malaria was eradicated in 1964 and has since been imported, ten cases a year in average, mostly by Croatian migrant workers, seafarers in particular. About 80 % of registered cases were infected in Africa and the main reason for infection was negligence in the use of chemoprophylaxis. The aim of the study was to establish the incidence of malaria among Croatian seafarers from 2004 to 2014, how many of them took chemoprophylaxis properly, and whether malaria was acknowledged as occupational disease. To get our answers we analysed epidemiological surveys of the Croatian Institute of Public Health completed by patients and reviewed epidemiological bulletins and the national Register of Occupational Diseases. Over the investigated period, a total of 102 people fell ill with malaria, of whom 25 were seafarers. Seventeen did not take chemoprophylaxis at all and eight took them without following instructions. In addition, none of them had malaria recognised as occupational disease under Croatian law, nor is there any information that they exercised their rights in any other way. All this clearly points out that seafarers and their employers need to be informed much better about the benefits of preventive measures and their labour rights.</p>","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":" ","pages":"295-298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/40/48/aiht-72-4-295.PMC8785109.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39788454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and characterisation of extended-spectrum and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase produced by <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates found at poultry farms in Bosnia and Herzegovina.","authors":"Majda Fetahagić,&nbsp;Amir Ibrahimagić,&nbsp;Selma Uzunović,&nbsp;Nataša Beader,&nbsp;Vesna Elveđi-Gašparović,&nbsp;Josefa Luxner,&nbsp;Muhamed Gladan,&nbsp;Branka Bedenić","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) hydrolyse extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and aztreonam. As ESBL-producing organisms have been identified in food producing animals, the aim of our study was to detect and analyse such <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates from poultry. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined with disk-diffusion and broth microdilution methods. ESBLs were detected with the double-disk synergy and inhibitor-based test with clavulanic acid. The transferability of cefotaxime resistance was determined with conjugation experiments, and genes encoding ESBLs, plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases, and quinolone resistance determinants identified by polymerase chain reaction. The study included 108 faecal samples (cloacal swabs) from 25 different poultry farms in the Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Of these, 75 (69.4 %) were positive for <i>E. coli</i>, of which 27 were resistant to cefotaxime, amoxicillin, cefazoline, and cefriaxone, and susceptible to imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, and amikacin. All 27 cefotaxime-resistant isolates were positive in double-disk synergy and combined disk tests. Eighteen isolates transferred cefotaxime resistance to <i>E. coli</i> recipient. Twenty-one isolates were positive for the <i>bla</i> _CTX-M-1 cluster genes and seven for <i>bla</i> _CTX-M-15. Fourteen were positive for the <i>bla</i> _TEM genes. The most frequent plasmid incompatibility group was IncFIB, whereas IncFIA and Inc HI1 were present in only a few isolates. Two different sequence types (STs) were identified: ST117 and ST155. The emergence of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in farm animals presents a public health threat, as they can colonise the intestine and cause infections in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":" ","pages":"305-314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/06/e4/aiht-72-4-305.PMC8785107.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39647612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ortho</i>-substituted PCB 153: effects in CHO-K1 cells.","authors":"Marina Miletić,&nbsp;Teuta Murati,&nbsp;Branimir Šimić,&nbsp;Nina Bilandžić,&nbsp;Anamaria Brozović,&nbsp;Ivana Kmetič","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-planar di-<i>ortho</i>-substituted PCB 153 (2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl), one of the most abundant PCB congeners in the environment and in biological and human tissues, has been identified as potential endocrine disruptor affecting the reproductive and endocrine systems in rodents, wildlife, and humans. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper insight into its mode/mechanism of action in Chinese hamster ovary K1 cells (CHO-K1). PCB 153 (10-100 μmol/L) inhibited CHO-K1 cell proliferation, which was confirmed with four bioassays (Trypan Blue, Neutral Red, Kenacid Blue, and MTT), of which the MTT assay proved the most sensitive. PCB 153 also induced ROS formation in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis was seen after 6 h of exposure to PCB 153 doses ≥50 μmol/L, while prolonged exposure resulted in the activation of the necrotic pathway. PCB 153-induced disturbances in normal cell cycle progression were time-dependent, with the most significant effects occurring after 72 h.</p>","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":" ","pages":"326-332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a2/ce/aiht-72-4-326.PMC8785106.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39788453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of unintentional ingestion of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics in preschool children.","authors":"Željka Babić,&nbsp;Nikolina Benco Kordić,&nbsp;Arnes Rešić,&nbsp;Rajka Turk","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We characterised accidental ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and non-opioid analgesics in children aged 0-5 years between 2009 and 2019 by analysing records of telephone consultations with the Croatian Poison Control Centre (CPCC) and cases treated at the Children's Hospital Zagreb (CHZ). Among the total of 466 identified cases (411 from CPPCC records and 55 from CHS hospital records), the most frequently ingested drugs were ibuprofen (47 %), paracetamol (20 %), ketoprofen (15 %), and diclofenac (11 %). In 94 % of the cases unsupervised children ingested the drug left within their reach. The remaining 6 % were dosing errors by parents or caregivers and involved liquid formulations as a rule. Our findings can serve as real-life examples informing preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":" ","pages":"299-304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e2/db/aiht-72-4-299.PMC8785113.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39788458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotoxicity of aluminium oxide, iron oxide, and copper nanoparticles in mouse bone marrow cells.","authors":"Rakhshinda Sadiq,&nbsp;Qaiser Mahmood Khan,&nbsp;Ameena Mobeen,&nbsp;Asma Shah","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, and Cu nanoparticles with chromosomal aberration (CA), micronucleus (MN), and comet assays on the bone marrow of male BALB/c mice. Three doses of Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃ (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg), or Cu (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) nanoparticles were administered to mice through intraperitoneal injection once a day for 14 days and compared with negative control (distilled water) and positive control (mitomycin C and methyl methanesulphonate). Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ did not show genotoxic effects, but Cu nanoparticles induced significant (P<0.05) genotoxicity at the highest concentration compared to negative control. Our findings add to the health risk information of Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, and Cu nanoparticles regarding human exposure (occupational and/or through consumer products or medical treatment), and may provide regulatory reference for safe use of these nanoparticles. However, before they can be used safely and released into the environment further chronic <i>in vivo</i> studies are essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":" ","pages":"315-325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/db/86/aiht-72-4-315.PMC8785108.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39788455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal distribution of multiclass pesticide residues in the surface waters of northwest Croatia.","authors":"Sanja Fingler,&nbsp;Gordana Mendaš,&nbsp;Marija Dvoršćak,&nbsp;Sanja Stipičević,&nbsp;Želimira Vasilić,&nbsp;Vlasta Drevenkar","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As part of our OPENTOX project, we evaluated the incidence and mass concentrations of multiclass pesticide residues in 23 river/stream water samples collected in urban and agricultural areas of northwest Croatia at various points of the pesticide application season in 2015. The study included 16 compounds of five herbicide classes and seven compounds of three insecticide classes. Pesticide residues were accumulated from water by solid-phase extraction and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography with UV-diode array detection and/or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Herbicide residues were more common than the insecticide ones, and, as expected, they peaked in the middle of the application season. Metolachlor showed the highest concentrations and was found in 91 % of all samples, followed by terbuthylazine, found in 70 % of the samples. The highest total mass concentration of detected pesticides was measured in the water samples of the Krapina (3992 ng/L) and Sutla (3455 ng/L) collected in rural areas with intensive agriculture. Our findings strongly speak in favour of continued monitoring of surface waters and possibly extending the list of priority water pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":" ","pages":"280-288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1d/ef/aiht-72-4-280.PMC8785115.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39788457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human health risk assessment of lead, cadmium, and mercury co-exposure from agricultural soils in the Tuzla Canton (Bosnia and Herzegovina).","authors":"Maida Šljivić Husejnović,&nbsp;Saša Janković,&nbsp;Dragica Nikolić,&nbsp;Biljana Antonijević","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to assess the risk of human exposure to lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) through agricultural soil by considering both uncertainty and variability in key exposure parameters. For this reason we collected soil samples from 29 locations in the Tuzla Canton (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and measured their metal levels with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission or absorption spectrometry (ICP-AES and ICP-AAS, respectively). The levels of Pb ranged from 13.33 to 1692.33 mg/kg, of Cd from 0.05 to 3.67 mg/kg, and of Hg from 0.02 to 2.73 mg/kg. To estimate cancer and non-cancer risks we used deterministic and semi-probabilistic methods. Lead was found to involve higher health risk than the other two heavy metals. Its hazard index (HI) decreased between population groups (children>women>men) and exposure routes (ingestion>skin contact>inhalation). Our Monte Carlo simulations indicated that Pb HIs for both adult populations had a 0.6 % probability to exceed the threshold value of 1, while in children this probability was 14.2 %. Cd and Hg showed no probability to exceed the threshold in any scenario. Our simulation results raise concern about possible adverse health effects of heavy metals from soil, especially in children. It is very important to continue monitoring environmental pollution and assess human health risk, not only with respect to soil, but also with other important environmental compartments, such as air and water.</p>","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":" ","pages":"268-279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/01/bb/aiht-72-4-268.PMC8785110.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39788456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}