Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju最新文献

{"title":"Official incidence and trends of occupational musculoskeletal disorders in Turkey in 2014-2024: implications of possible underreporting.","authors":"Elif Reyhan Şahin, Yağmur Kınacı Gümüşçubuk","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4133","DOIUrl":"10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Turkey, official incidence figures for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) remain notably low despite established ergonomic risks. The aim of this longitudinal study was to determine national incidences of all recognised occupational MSD cases among insured workers included in the publicly available registry of the Social Security Institution of Turkey (SGK) between 2014 and 2024, to calculate annual rates per million insured workers, and to establish temporal, gender-specific, and diagnostic trends. A total of 744 cases were recorded, with recognised incidence increasing from 1.74 per million in 2014 to a peak of 9.03 in 2021. Lateral epicondylitis and chronic crepitant synovitis were the most frequent diagnoses. Whilst male workers accounted for most cases, female incidence rates equalled or exceeded male rates in 2020-2021, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Our findings point to structural flaws and barriers in the current, compensation-based registry system that may result in under-recognition and consequent underreporting of occupational MSDs, which calls for strengthening prevention-oriented surveillance to inform robust healthcare policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":"77 3","pages":"228-234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residential exposures associated with adiposity and proinflammatory markers in obese adults with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Angel M Dzhambov, Spas Kitov, Kostadin R Kostadinov, Maria-Florance Kitova, Angel Burov, Marco Helbich, Tanya Deneva, Lyudmila Kitova","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4124","DOIUrl":"10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although current research supports associations between residential environment and inflammation and/or adiposity, evidence remains limited and partly contradictory for combined exposures, especially in vulnerable populations. To address this issue, this cross-sectional study, taking place in 2023 and 2024, investigated the associations between residential factors and adiposity and proinflammatory markers in 90 obese adults with metabolic syndrome from Bulgaria. All underwent clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory examinations, and completed a questionnaire. We measured their serum proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)], C-reactive protein (CRP), and adipokines (visfatin, leptin, adiponectin). Adiposity-related markers included body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat, and visceral fat percentage. Residential air pollution (NO₂, PM_2.5, PM₁₀), road traffic noise (L_den), domestic burning of solid fuel, total greenness, tree cover, and time spent in nature were linked to these data. There was suggestive evidence that every 10 μg/m³ increase in NO₂ levels was associated with higher concentrations of TNF-α (36.27 %; 95 % CI: -5.66 %, 96.83 %), IL-6 (41.63 %; 95 % CI: 8.16 %, 85.46 %), CRP (37.80 %; 95 % CI: 5.89 %, 79.32 %), leptin (25.61 %; 95 % CI: -8.73 %, 72.88 %), and lower adiponectin-leptin ratio (-33.83 %; 95 % CI: -56.59 %, 0.85 %). Additionally, NO₂ was associated with higher BMI (6.37 %; 95 % CI: -0.82 %, 14.08 %) and visceral fat (7.52 %; 95 % CI: 1.30 %, 14.12 %). For every 2 h/week spent in nature, TNF-α concentration was lower (-20.49 %; 95 % CI: -37.56 %, 1.23 %), and adiponectin was higher (10.30 %; 95 % CI: 1.36 %, 20.03 %). Other observed associations were largely null, inconsistent, or occasionally showed an unexpected protective direction. These findings can serve as a general roadmap, and only larger longitudinal studies may provide a better insight into the environmental determinants of metabolic inflammation, which could in turn support the development of alternative preventive strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":"77 3","pages":"198-212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fisetin attenuates oxidative and haemolytic damage induced by quinuclidine derivatives in human erythrocytes.","authors":"Lucija Marcelić, Lea Malezan, Katja Vuković, Maja Katalinić, Antonio Zandona","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4134","DOIUrl":"10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quinuclidine derivatives are potent bioactive compounds investigated as cholinesterase inhibitors with potential intravenous therapeutic application. However, the cytotoxic properties of some, particularly those linked to oxidative stress, pose significant safety concerns. This study aimed to evaluate if flavonoid fisetin could protect cells from such toxic effects. Erythrocytes were chosen due to high susceptibility to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and well-characterised endogenous antioxidant system, making them a sensitive and physiologically relevant model. Over 24 h, human erythrocytes were exposed to QOH-C12-16 or QNOH-C12-16 derivatives to establish their 25, 50, and 75 % inhibitory concentrations (IC₂₅, IC₅₀, and IC₇₅, respectively). As the compounds with the C12 side alkyl chain showed no significant haemolytic effects, they were excluded from further experimentation. In the next steps, we assessed the protective effects of fisetin (1, 10, 100 μmol/L) against quinuclidine-induced haemolysis over 24 h and against reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and potential glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) depletion over 4 h. Fisetin at 10 and 100 μmol/L significantly reduced ROS to near-control levels, restored SOD activity, and decreased haemolysis by 10-40 %, most effectively in cells exposed to quinuclidines at IC₅₀. However, GSH measurements in combined treatment were not reliable, as fisetin exhibited autofluorescence, but single quinuclidine exposure showed no significant effects on GSH levels. In summary, fisetin showed a promising potential to make quinuclidine intravenous therapies safer.</p>","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":"77 3","pages":"182-189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial stewardship challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications of antibiotic overuse and antimicrobial resistance.","authors":"Marija Špelić, Vladimir Krajinović","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4130","DOIUrl":"10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly influenced antimicrobial prescribing practices worldwide, raising concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This narrative review assesses the relationship between COVID-19 and antibiotic use, focusing on bacterial co-infections, prescribing patterns, long-term implications for AMR, and the role of multidisciplinary antimicrobial and diagnostic stewardship, preventive strategies, and the One Health approach in reducing disproportionate antibiotic exposure. To this end we ran a subject search across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Ovid, and Google Scholar for studies selected according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Despite relatively low rates of confirmed bacterial co-infections, antibiotic use remained disproportionately high, particularly during the early stages of the pandemic, highlighting challenges in clinical decision-making under diagnostic uncertainty. Excessive and inappropriate antibiotic prescribing may have contributed to the global AMR burden. Strengthening antimicrobial stewardship programmes, improving diagnostic accuracy and promoting evidence-based prescribing are therefore essential. Multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship interventions, rapid molecular diagnostics and vaccination-associated reductions in antibiotic prescribing emerge as complementary strategies for limiting unnecessary antimicrobial exposure, while the environmental consequences of antibiotic use further emphasise the relevance of the One Health approach. Continued surveillance and research are needed to better understand the long-term impact of the pandemic on AMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":"77 3","pages":"160-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue-specific variability in protein expression of cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in non-small cell lung carcinoma.","authors":"Murat Kılıç, Serpil Oğuztüzün, Sezgin Çelik, Funda Demirağ, Pınar Bıçakçıoğlu, Mümtaz İşcan, Ahmet Oğuz Ada","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4112","DOIUrl":"10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Earlier tissue-based studies report heterogeneous CYP and GST protein expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but simultaneous assessment of phase I and II enzymes in paired tumour and peripheral normal tissues remains limited and their expression patterns poorly characterised across the two major NSCLC histological subtypes, namely adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). To address these gaps, this retrospective study evaluated CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2E1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 expression immunohistochemically in tumour and peripheral normal lung tissues of 50 patients with NSCLC, 27 of whom with AC and 23 with SCC. Cytoplasmic staining intensity was scored from 0 to 3. Tissue and subtype comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test, and associations with clinical variables were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation. CYP2E1 expression was significantly higher in tumour than in normal tissue in the combined NSCLC group and in both histological subtypes (p<0.05). CYP1A1 expression was higher in AC tumours than in normal tissue and SCC tumours (both p<0.05). GSTM1 expression was higher in tumour tissue in the combined NSCLC group and in the SCC subgroup and was also higher in SCC than in AC tumours (p<0.05). GSTT1 expression was higher in AC than SCC tumours (p<0.05). CYP1B1 and GSTP1 were highly expressed in both tissue compartments but showed no significant tumour-specific increase. CYP and GST isoenzymes therefore showed tissue- and subtype-dependent rather than uniform expression patterns in NSCLC. The differences observed in CYP2E1, CYP1A1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 suggest that AC and SCC may differ in xenobiotic metabolism and cellular defence, and that these isoenzymes may contribute to metabolic processes associated with NSCLC pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":"77 3","pages":"190-197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse effects of vaping on human health: a brief review of mechanisms and long-term consequences.","authors":"Borys Fylenko, Ivan Starchenko, Nataliia Roiko","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4084","DOIUrl":"10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaping, often advertised as a safe alternative to traditional tobacco smoking, has recently been subjected to active scientific research due to its potential adverse effects on human health. This narrative review synthesises selected recent literature to provide a comprehensive view of the systemic risks associated with the use of electronic cigarettes. It lists key chemical components (propylene glycol, vegetable glycerine, nicotine, and flavourings) and thermal decomposition products of vape aerosol (formaldehyde, acrolein, propylene oxide, glycidol) and evaluates their multi-systemic toxic effects and clinical manifestations, as well as specific effects on the respiratory, cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. Current data suggest that vaping can lead to a wide range of acute and chronic diseases, including the e-cigarette or vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) and obliterative bronchiolitis and increase the risk of developing oncological, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Particularly sensitive is the developing adolescent brain. A growing body of evidence indicates that vaping is not \"less harmful\" but merely \"differently\" harmful and calls for further long-term research and strengthened public health regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":"77 3","pages":"153-159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction: \"Noise exposure patterns and health risk assessment among nurses in a Chinese paediatric intensive care unit\".","authors":"","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4077retraction","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4077retraction","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":"77 3","pages":"A15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational noise effects on hearing thresholds, speech perception, and self-reported hearing abilities in young adult dental hospital personnel.","authors":"Büşra Terzioğlu, Büşra Türkoğlu, Ömer Faruk Demir, Ali Cemal Yumuşakhuylu, Berceste Güler Ayyıldız","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4131","DOIUrl":"10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the effects of occupational noise exposure on objective auditory function and self-reported hearing difficulties in young adult dental professionals. It included 56 young adults (aged 18-40), divided into the noise-exposed (n=31) and unexposed control group (n=25). Auditory assessments consisted of pure-tone audiometry (250-8000 Hz), word recognition in clinical speech-in-noise (SIN) test at 0 dB and -5 dB signal-to-noise ratios, and the self-reported Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ). No significant differences were observed between the exposed and control groups in pure-tone thresholds or SIN performance, but the exposed group reported significantly poorer hearing abilities on the SSQ Speech (7.53, 8.30; p=0.043) and SSQ Qualities (8.30, 8.91; p=0.014) subscales. These findings suggest that standard clinical assessments may overlook early functional deficits associated with occupational noise and that self-reported hearing difficulties may complement conventional audiometric assessment before measurable threshold shifts occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":"77 3","pages":"220-227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of combined exposure to hydroquinone and nitrofurantoin in T24 bladder cells: an <i>in vitro</i> toxicology study with implications for risk assessment.","authors":"Ana Huđek Turković, Željka Stanečić, Ana Butorac, Vilena Kašuba, Marijana Ćurčić, Antonio Gagić, Ivana Šola, Marija Lovrić, Gordana Rusak, Ksenija Durgo","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4146","DOIUrl":"10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydroquinone, the main active component of bearberry [<i>Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</i> (L.) Spreng.], is sometimes used together with the antibiotic nitrofurantoin to treat urinary tract infections. The aim of this <i>in vitro</i> study was to test the hypothesis that co-exposure to hydroquinone and nitrofurantoin would result in greater cytotoxic, oxidative, and genotoxic effects than exposure to either compound alone. To do that, we assessed single and combined toxic effects of two- and eight-hour exposure to both compounds in T24 human bladder carcinoma cells due to their stability and retention of key signalling pathways involved in oxidative stress, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Cytotoxicity and oxidative stress were assessed with the neutral red and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assays and genotoxicity with the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Proteomic changes were examined using tandem mass tag labelling followed by mass spectrometry. Combined exposure to hydroquinone and nitrofurantoin produced a synergistic increase in cytotoxic and genotoxic effects compared to single-compound treatments, including reduced nuclear division index and activation of pathways related to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and proteotoxic stress. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating interactions between plant-derived hydroquinone and nitrofurantoin in risk assessment of combined exposure during therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":"77 3","pages":"169-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational injuries entail longer sick leave than non-occupational ones: evidence from a developing country and possible implications.","authors":"Nada Marić, Jovanka Koprena, Petar Bulat","doi":"10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4165","DOIUrl":"10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational injuries are an important public health and socioeconomic issue due to their effects on morbidity, productivity, and healthcare costs. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare the frequency of occupational and non-occupational injuries, the duration of respective sick leaves, and whether it is related to demographic and clinical factors. To this end, we analysed the data obtained from the information system of the Institute of Occupational and Sports Medicine of the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study included 2,075 patients with temporary work incapacity lasting longer than 30 days registered between 1 January and 31 December 2024. Variables included gender, age, ICD-10 diagnosis, and duration of sick leave. The economic burden of occupational injuries was estimated by calculating excess lost workdays compared to those lost to non-occupational injuries and multiplying them by the average gross daily wage in the Republic of Srpska. To approximate employer-related costs, including productivity loss and direct costs, were multiplied by a factor of two. Occupational injuries accounted for 46.2 % of cases and non-occupational injuries for 53.8 %. The mean duration of temporary work incapacity was significantly longer for occupational injuries (91.1±71.5 days) than for non-occupational injuries (78.4±49.6 days; p<0.001). Age significantly influenced sick leave duration, with the longest absences observed in workers aged ≥51 years. Occupational injuries resulted in 12,167 more lost workdays than non-occupational injuries, with an estimated total economic burden of about €885,000. Our findings show that, although less frequent, occupational injuries cause longer sickness absence and greater economic burden and therefore call for improved prevention and post-injury management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520565,"journal":{"name":"Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju","volume":"77 3","pages":"213-219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}