Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand最新文献_第9页

Are there clear benefits from diversification of land use: a review and preliminary meta-analysis? 土地用途多样化是否有明显的好处：回顾和初步元分析？

IF 2.1

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand Pub Date : 2025-05-28 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2025.2496373

Reina L Tamepo, Crile Doscher, Richard W McDowell

{"title":"Are there clear benefits from diversification of land use: a review and preliminary meta-analysis?","authors":"Reina L Tamepo, Crile Doscher, Richard W McDowell","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2025.2496373","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2025.2496373","url":null,"abstract":"Diversified farming systems are often considered more resilient and environmentally sustainable than monocultures. However, their performance on key environmental and economic outcomes remains poorly defined across different contexts. We reviewed the literature and examined data from 277 sites, primarily in New Zealand, regarding the merits of land-use diversification. We tested the hypothesis that nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses to freshwater (kg/ha), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and job creation differ between farm and catchment scales and that diversification can reduce these environmental losses. Our findings indicate that, contrary to expectations, N losses were higher in diversified systems compared to monocultures at farm scale, and catchment scale. This increase was largely attributed to land-use changes and cultivation practices. However, the total number of jobs was higher in diversified systems at both scales. Although heavily context-dependent, these observational data provide a rationale to determine the conditions under which diversification can improve environmental and economic outcomes. Beyond biophysical conditions, additional challenges in implementing diversification lie in the phasing and implementation of catchment policies at the farm scale, robust supply and value chains to adapt to market demands, and the need to develop and implement technology fit for varied (and diversified) farm systems.","PeriodicalId":520341,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"55 6","pages":"2060-2081"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of clinical genetics in integrating cancer genetics care in Aotearoa New Zealand: improved access for improved outcomes. 临床遗传学在新西兰奥特罗阿整合癌症遗传学护理中的作用：改善获得改善结果的途径。

IF 2.1

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand Pub Date : 2025-05-28 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2025.2507303

Sally Jackson, Nadia Preitner, Emma Felix, Kelly Sullivan, Alex Henderson

引用次数: 0

SDG2 Zero Hunger and the need to re-think food production in Aotearoa: viewpoint. 可持续发展目标2零饥饿和重新思考粮食生产的必要性：观点。

IF 2.1

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand Pub Date : 2025-05-26 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2025.2486053

Alex Macmillan, Summer Wright, Christine Cleghorn, Christina McKerchar, Ingrid Mulder

引用次数: 0

On the procurement of physical risk assessments for climate-related disclosures: guidance from a climate science perspective. 关于为气候相关信息披露采购物理风险评估：从气候科学角度的指导。

IF 2.1

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand Pub Date : 2025-05-26 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2025.2486044

Luke J Harrington, Peter B Gibson, Nicolas Fauchereau, Hamish Lewis, Dave Frame, Suzanne M Rosier

引用次数: 0

Assessing population allele frequency differences using low-depth sequencing data. 利用低深度测序数据评估人群等位基因频率差异。

IF 2.1

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand Pub Date : 2025-05-21 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2025.2500999

Ken G Dodds, John C McEwan, Rudiger Brauning, Shannon M Clarke

引用次数: 0

Deep learning-based seabird detection in fisheries for seabird protection. 基于深度学习的渔业海鸟检测，用于海鸟保护。

IF 2.1

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand Pub Date : 2025-05-14 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2025.2500998

Jiawei Leong, Junhong Zhao, Bing Xue, William Gibson, Mengjie Zhang

{"title":"Deep learning-based seabird detection in fisheries for seabird protection.","authors":"Jiawei Leong, Junhong Zhao, Bing Xue, William Gibson, Mengjie Zhang","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2025.2500998","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2025.2500998","url":null,"abstract":"New Zealand is considered to be the 'seabird capital' of the world. As part of the harvesting process, some commercial fishers accidentally bycatch seabirds during fishing operations, which can result in accidental deaths and injuries. The accidental bycatch is impacting the long-term sustainability of New Zealand seabird populations. To address this, we developed a YOLO model that can be used to automatically detect seabirds that interact with the fishing vessels. The model development process involved gathering, annotating and preprocessing a new image dataset, conducting transfer learning across YOLO benchmark models, and performing hyperparameter tuning on the top YOLO models to further improve the model's performance. We evaluate the performance and effectiveness of our developed model under diverse data conditions, with it achieving a mAP@50 score of 0.9926 and a mAP@50-95 score of 0.9147 on the test data. The results demonstrate that the developed model performs effectively in unconstrained real-world marine scenarios, addressing the limitations of previous models primarily evaluated in controlled settings. This automation could help to reduce or even eliminate manual inspection of footages by reviewers and will help to quantify seabird interactions with commercial fishing vessels. Our contributions represent a significant first step in automated seabird detection, mitigating the gap between constrained and unconstrained real-world maritime scenarios.","PeriodicalId":520341,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"55 6","pages":"2082-2102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sun safety policy implementation in Aotearoa New Zealand: current landscape and progress. 新西兰奥特罗阿的太阳安全政策实施：现状和进展。

IF 2.1

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand Pub Date : 2025-05-12 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2025.2501000

Bronwen McNoe

{"title":"Sun safety policy implementation in Aotearoa New Zealand: current landscape and progress.","authors":"Bronwen McNoe","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2025.2501000","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2025.2501000","url":null,"abstract":"Skin cancer is a critical public health issue in Aotearoa New Zealand (A/NZ), with alarming incidence rates and substantial economic costs. Excessive solar ultraviolet radiation is the primary modifiable risk factor, and effective sun protection policies are crucial for prevention. This paper examines the current policy landscape for skin cancer prevention in A/NZ, focusing on educational settings, workplaces, sports organisations, and local governments. It evaluates key legislation and highlights gaps in policy implementation, such as insufficient shade provision in schools and variable adherence to sun protection protocols in workplaces and sports settings. Despite existing regulations, there is a need for stronger enforcement and comprehensive policy development. This paper also addresses the role of sun protection product standards, such as those for sunscreens, and the impact of bans on commercial sunbeds. The discussion emphasises the importance of integrating sun protection into all levels of policy and practice and advocates for enhanced support, public awareness, and uniform implementation across sectors. By addressing these gaps, more effective sun protection strategies can be developed, ultimately reducing skin cancer incidence and improving public health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":520341,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"55 5","pages":"1222-1234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12288170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144736532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards eliminating hepatocellular carcinoma from Aotearoa New Zealand: a nationally coordinated programme to detect and treat chronic hepatitis? 在新西兰消除肝细胞癌：检测和治疗慢性肝炎的国家协调规划？

IF 2.1

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand Pub Date : 2025-05-07 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2025.2491511

Jonathan B Koea, Cameron Schauer, Robyn O'Dwyer, Jamie-Lee Rahiri, Sydney Clough, Matire Harwood

{"title":"Towards eliminating hepatocellular carcinoma from Aotearoa New Zealand: a nationally coordinated programme to detect and treat chronic hepatitis?","authors":"Jonathan B Koea, Cameron Schauer, Robyn O'Dwyer, Jamie-Lee Rahiri, Sydney Clough, Matire Harwood","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2025.2491511","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2025.2491511","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the seventh most common cancer globally, with 1 million people diagnosed and 830,000 cancer-related deaths annually, demonstrating the paucity of effective treatments, particularly for late-stage disease. Globally, and in Aotearoa New Zealand (AoNZ), chronic infection with hepatitis B (Hep-B) or hepatitis C (Hep-C) remain the most significant aetiological factors and the most amenable to intervention. Whilst Hep-B vaccination was nationally implemented in AoNZ in 1988 in children up to the age of 15 years, an estimated 3.2 million New Zealanders remain unvaccinated, each with up to a 15% likelihood of developing HCC by the age of 70 years if they contract Hep-B during their lifetime. Overall, 19,000 Māori, 15,000 Pacific and 10,000 non-Māori and non-Pacific New Zealanders are affected with undiagnosed Hep-B. Correspondingly, 45,000 New Zealanders are infected with chronic Hep-C with an appreciable long-term risk of developing HCC. Inexplicably, there has never been a nationally coordinated screening, treatment and surveillance programme established for either condition. An appropriately resourced, community-based programme to detect and treat Hep-B and Hep-C and screen for HCC in high-risk individuals, as well as optimising Hep-B vaccination rates, must be a national health priority.","PeriodicalId":520341,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"55 5","pages":"1209-1221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12288171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144736535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tooth wear and dental calculus in a group of orca (Orcinus orca) stranded on the New Zealand southern coast. 一群搁浅在新西兰南部海岸的虎鲸（Orcinus orca）的牙齿磨损和牙结石。

IF 2.1

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand Pub Date : 2025-05-06 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2025.2491510

Carolina Loch, Ingrid N Visser, Kali Stratford, Sophie White, Joe Wakefield, Stewart Bull, Lydia Matenga, Muriel Johnstone, Ramari Oliphant-Stewart

{"title":"Tooth wear and dental calculus in a group of orca (Orcinus orca) stranded on the New Zealand southern coast.","authors":"Carolina Loch, Ingrid N Visser, Kali Stratford, Sophie White, Joe Wakefield, Stewart Bull, Lydia Matenga, Muriel Johnstone, Ramari Oliphant-Stewart","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2025.2491510","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2025.2491510","url":null,"abstract":"In 2014, a group of nine orca stranded in Te Waewae Bay, Western Southland, and their remains were collected, processed and studied in partnership with Ōraka Aparima Rūnaka. A total of 436 teeth were analysed to determine the location, type and intensity scores of tooth wear. The presence of dental calculus and percentage surface coverage was assessed on 1744 surfaces. Tooth wear and calculus were investigated in relation to sex and total body length (as a proxy for age). All orca had some degree of tooth wear; however, most teeth were worn superficially. Only two individuals had severe wear as the most common wear type; nonetheless, no exposure of the pulp cavity was observed. There were slightly lower wear scores in the upper dentition and wear scores were associated with body length. Calculus varied within and between orca, with eight of the nine having calculus deposits present. More calculus was found on the upper dentition on mesial and buccal aspects. Despite the limited number of individuals analysed here, the opportunity to investigate patterns of tooth wear and calculus in a group of nine wild orca was enabled by the research partnership with significant support of the local community.","PeriodicalId":520341,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"55 6","pages":"2042-2059"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A dynamical systems perspective on the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. 中更新世过渡的动力系统视角。

IF 2.1

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand Pub Date : 2025-05-05 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2025.2495317

N R Golledge

{"title":"A dynamical systems perspective on the Mid-Pleistocene Transition.","authors":"N R Golledge","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2025.2495317","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2025.2495317","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term cooling of Earth's climate led to repeated glaciations that from the Pliocene (5.3-2.6 Ma) into the Pleistocene (2.6 Ma-11.7 ka) became increasingly cold and asymmetric. Whether this progressive change in global climate was forced by external drivers, or arose entirely from internal feedbacks, is debated. Much of this debate has centred on the so-called 'Mid-Pleistocene Transition' (MPT, 1.25 Ma to 0.75 Ma), when these changes become most apparent in palaeo-environmental proxies. Here we first establish a context for this period of change by summarising the key characteristics of Plio-Pleistocene climate cycles. We then use simple conceptual dynamical systems models to (1) simulate the asymmetric pattern of Late Pleistocene temperature changes and (2) investigate the mechanism driving increasing asymmetry through the MPT. Our models reveal that climate cycle asymmetry could have arisen from steadily increasing coupling between components of the global climate system. We speculate that through the MPT, increasing synchronisation between Earth system elements, entrained at 100 kyr frequency, allowed internal feedbacks to dominate over shorter-period orbitally-regulated insolation variability. These feedbacks pushed global temperatures towards glacial maximum states far from equilibrium that were terminated by environmental cascades of collapsing earth system connectivity.","PeriodicalId":520341,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"55 6","pages":"2652-2676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0