Physical review research最新文献_第3页

Element-wise and Recursive Solutions for the Power Spectral Density of Biological Stochastic Dynamical Systems at Fixed Points. 生物随机动力系统不动点功率谱密度的元解和递归解。

IF 4

Physical review research Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.6.043179

Shivang Rawat, Stefano Martiniani

{"title":"Element-wise and Recursive Solutions for the Power Spectral Density of Biological Stochastic Dynamical Systems at Fixed Points.","authors":"Shivang Rawat, Stefano Martiniani","doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.043179","DOIUrl":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.043179","url":null,"abstract":"Stochasticity plays a central role in nearly every biological process, and the noise power spectral density (PSD) is a critical tool for understanding variability and information processing in living systems. In steady-state, many such processes can be described by stochastic linear time-invariant (LTI) systems driven by Gaussian white noise, whose PSD is a complex rational function of the frequency that can be concisely expressed in terms of their Jacobian, dispersion, and diffusion matrices, fully defining the statistical properties of the system's dynamics at steady-state. Here, we arrive at compact element-wise solutions of the rational function coefficients for the auto- and cross-spectrum that enable the explicit analytical computation of the PSD in dimensions n = 2, 3, 4. We further present a recursive Leverrier-Faddeev-type algorithm for the exact computation of the rational function coefficients. Crucially, both solutions are free of matrix inverses. We illustrate our element-wise and recursive solutions by considering the stochastic dynamics of neural systems models, namely Fitzhugh-Nagumo (n = 2), Hindmarsh-Rose (n = 3), Wilson-Cowan (n = 4), and the Stabilized Supralinear Network (n = 22), as well as an evolutionary game-theoretic model with mutations (n = 5, 31). We extend our approach to derive a recursive method for calculating the coefficients in the power series expansion of the integrated covariance matrix for interacting spiking neurons modeled as Hawkes processes on arbitrary directed graphs.","PeriodicalId":520315,"journal":{"name":"Physical review research","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13105316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-fidelity macroscopic superposition states via shortcut to adiabaticity 通过绝热捷径获得高保真宏观叠加态

Physical review research Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033332

Mehdi Aslani, Vahid Salari, Mehdi Abdi

{"title":"High-fidelity macroscopic superposition states via shortcut to adiabaticity","authors":"Mehdi Aslani, Vahid Salari, Mehdi Abdi","doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033332","url":null,"abstract":"A shortcut to an adiabatic scheme is proposed for preparing a massive object in a macroscopic spatial superposition state. In this scheme we propose to employ counterdiabatic driving to maintain the system in the ground state of its instantaneous Hamiltonian while the trap potential is tuned from a parabola to a double well. This, in turn, is performed by properly ramping a control parameter. We show that a few counterdiabatic drives are enough for most practical cases. A hybrid electromechanical setup in superconducting circuits is proposed for the implementation. The efficiency of our scheme is benchmarked by numerically solving the system dynamics in the presence of noises and imperfections. The results show that a mechanical resonator with very-high-fidelity spatially distinguishable cat states can be prepared with our protocol. Furthermore, the protocol is robust against noises and imperfections. We also discuss a method for verifying the final state via spectroscopy of a coupled circuit electrodynamical cavity mode. Our work can serve as the ground work to feasibly realize and verify macroscopic superposition states in future experiments. Published by the American Physical Society 2024","PeriodicalId":520315,"journal":{"name":"Physical review research","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147914863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Price of information in games of chance: A statistical physics approach. 机会博弈中的信息价格：统计物理方法。

Physical review research Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.033250

Luca Gamberi, Alessia Annibale, Pierpaolo Vivo

{"title":"Price of information in games of chance: A statistical physics approach.","authors":"Luca Gamberi, Alessia Annibale, Pierpaolo Vivo","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.033250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.033250","url":null,"abstract":"Information in the form of data, which can be stored and transferred between users, can be viewed as an intangible commodity, which can be traded in exchange for money. Determining the fair price at which a string of data should be traded is an important and open problem in many settings. In this work we develop a statistical physics framework that allows one to determine analytically the fair price of information exchanged between players in a game of chance. For definiteness, we consider a game where N players bet on the binary outcome of a stochastic process and share the entry fees pot if successful. We assume that one player holds information about past outcomes of the game, which they may either use exclusively to improve their betting strategy or offer to sell to another player. We find a sharp transition as the number of players N is tuned across a critical value, between a phase where the transaction is always profitable for the seller and one where it may not be. In both phases, different regimes are possible, depending on the \"quality\" of information being put up for sale: we observe symbiotic regimes, where both parties collude effectively to rig the game in their favor, competitive regimes, where the transaction is unappealing to the data holder as it overly favors a competitor for scarce resources, and even prey-predator regimes, where an exploitative data holder could be giving away bad-quality data to undercut a competitor. Our analytical framework can be generalized to more complex settings and constitutes a flexible tool to address the rich and timely problem of pricing information in games of chance.","PeriodicalId":520315,"journal":{"name":"Physical review research","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7616869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142776296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Entanglement generation from athermality 由热产生的纠缠

Physical review research Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033236

A. de Oliveira, Jeongrak Son, Jakub Czartowski, Nelly H. Y. Ng

{"title":"Entanglement generation from athermality","authors":"A. de Oliveira, Jeongrak Son, Jakub Czartowski, Nelly H. Y. Ng","doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033236","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the thermodynamic constraints on the pivotal task of entanglement generation using out-of-equilibrium states through a model-independent framework with minimal assumptions. We establish a necessary and sufficient condition for a thermal process to generate bipartite qubit entanglement, starting from an initially separable state. Consequently, we identify the set of system states that cannot be entangled, when no external work is invested. In the regime of infinite temperature, we analytically construct this set; while for finite temperature, we provide a simple criterion to verify whether any given initial state is or is not entangleable. Furthermore, we provide an explicit construction of the future thermal cone of entanglement—the set of entangled states that a given separable state can thermodynamically evolve to. We offer a detailed discussion on the properties of this cone, focusing on the interplay between entanglement and its volumetric properties. We conclude with several key remarks on the generation of entanglement beyond two-qubit systems, and discuss its dynamics in the presence of dissipation. Published by the American Physical Society 2024","PeriodicalId":520315,"journal":{"name":"Physical review research","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147892467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Measurement-induced phase transitions by matrix product states scaling 由矩阵积态缩放引起的测量诱导相变

Physical review research Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033220

Guillaume Cecile, Hugo Lóio, Jacopo De Nardis

{"title":"Measurement-induced phase transitions by matrix product states scaling","authors":"Guillaume Cecile, Hugo Lóio, Jacopo De Nardis","doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033220","url":null,"abstract":"We study the time evolution of long quantum spin chains subjected to continuous monitoring projected on matrix product states (MPS) with fixed bond dimension, by means of the Time-Dependent Variational Principle (TDVP) algorithm. The latter gives an effective unitary evolution which approximates the real quantum evolution up to the projection error. We show that such error displays, at large times, a phase transition in the monitoring strength, which can be well detected by scaling analysis with relatively low values of bond dimensions. Moreover, in the presence of <a:math xmlns:a=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><a:mrow><a:mi>U</a:mi><a:mo>(</a:mo><a:mn>1</a:mn><a:mo>)</a:mo></a:mrow></a:math> global spin charge, we show the existence of a charge-sharpening transition well separated from the entanglement transition which we detect by studying the charge fluctuations of a local subpart of the system at large times. Our work shows that quantum monitored dynamics projected on MPS manifolds contains relevant information on measurement-induced phase transitions and provides a new method to identify measured-induced phase transitions in systems of arbitrary dimensions and sizes. Published by the American Physical Society 2024","PeriodicalId":520315,"journal":{"name":"Physical review research","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147902012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Effects of measurement power on state discrimination and dynamics in a circuit-QED experiment 电路qed实验中测量功率对状态判别和动力学的影响

Physical review research Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.6.023299

L. Tosi, I. Lobato, M. F. Goffman, C. Metzger, C. Urbina, H. Pothier

引用次数: 2

Holographic-(V)AE: An end-to-end SO(3)-equivariant (variational) autoencoder in Fourier space. 全息-(V)AE：傅里叶空间中端到端SO(3)-等变（变分）自编码器。

Physical review research Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.6.023006

Gian Marco Visani, Michael N Pun, Arman Angaji, Armita Nourmohammad

{"title":"Holographic-(V)AE: An end-to-end SO(3)-equivariant (variational) autoencoder in Fourier space.","authors":"Gian Marco Visani, Michael N Pun, Arman Angaji, Armita Nourmohammad","doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.023006","DOIUrl":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.023006","url":null,"abstract":"Group-equivariant neural networks have emerged as an efficient approach to model complex data, using generalized convolutions that respect the relevant symmetries of a system. These techniques have made advances in both the supervised learning tasks for classification and regression, and the unsupervised tasks to generate new data. However, little work has been done in leveraging the symmetry-aware expressive representations that could be extracted from these approaches. Here, we present holographic-(variational) autoencoder [H-(V)AE], a fully end-to-end SO(3)-equivariant (variational) autoencoder in Fourier space, suitable for unsupervised learning and generation of data distributed around a specified origin in 3D. H-(V)AE is trained to reconstruct the spherical Fourier encoding of data, learning in the process a low-dimensional representation of the data (i.e., a latent space) with a maximally informative rotationally invariant embedding alongside an equivariant frame describing the orientation of the data. We extensively test the performance of H-(V)AE on diverse datasets. We show that the learned latent space efficiently encodes the categorical features of spherical images. Moreover, the low-dimensional representations learned by H-VAE can be used for downstream data-scarce tasks. Specifically, we show that H-(V)AE's latent space can be used to extract compact embeddings for protein structure microenvironments, and when paired with a random forest regressor, it enables state-of-the-art predictions of protein-ligand binding affinity.","PeriodicalId":520315,"journal":{"name":"Physical review research","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11661850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantum Zeno effect appears in stages 量子芝诺效应是分阶段出现的

Physical review research Pub Date : 2020-09-29 DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.2.033512

Kyrylo Snizhko, Parveen Kumar, Alessandro Romito

引用次数: 54