Global journal of cardiovascular diseases最新文献

{"title":"Too Much Heat May Make You Smoke.","authors":"Shervin Assari, Babak Najand, Hossein Zare","doi":"10.31586/gjcd.2025.1175","DOIUrl":"10.31586/gjcd.2025.1175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rising concerns surrounding climate change have drawn attention to its potential impact on health, particularly among vulnerable groups such as children and older adults. Despite extensive research on health consequences, limited studies have explored the connection between extreme heat exposure and tobacco use initiation among adolescents in the United States.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examines the relationship between extreme heat exposure and the initiation of tobacco use in adolescents, using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. It also evaluates the mediating roles of major depressive disorder (MDD) and childhood behavioral problems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 11,878 participants in the ABCD study were analyzed to explore the link between extreme heat exposure (independent variable) and tobacco use initiation (dependent variable). Covariates included age, sex, and race/ethnicity, while MDD and behavioral problems (measured using the Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL) were assessed as potential mediators. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated a significant association between extreme heat exposure and an increased likelihood of tobacco use initiation in adolescents aged 9 to 15. MDD and behavioral problems partially mediated this relationship.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results underscore the importance of targeted interventions aimed at mitigating the impact of extreme heat on adolescent health, including its influence on tobacco use initiation. Addressing mental health and behavioral challenges could help reduce these risks. Future longitudinal research is needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the efficacy of strategies to protect vulnerable youth populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":520306,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11793916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CEASE Tobacco Cessation Program: Validation of Self-Rated Quit with Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence.","authors":"Payam Sheikhattari, Rifath Ara Alam Barsha, Chidubem Egboluche, Adriana Foster, Shervin Assari","doi":"10.31586/gjcd.2025.1190","DOIUrl":"10.31586/gjcd.2025.1190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite advancements in smoking cessation interventions, few programs have demonstrated sustained effectiveness among low-income, underserved populations. The Communities Engaged and Advocating for a Smoke-free Environment (CEASE) program was developed to address this gap and support tobacco cessation in these communities. However, it remains unclear whether self-reported outcome measures in this context are in line with more objective outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to validate self-reported quit rates using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) as a gold standard outcome measure for evaluation of the effectiveness of the CEASE smoking cessation intervention compared to a self-help approach among low-income, underserved adult smokers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental design was employed to evaluate this community-based intervention. Although participants were initially assigned to three groups, this report focuses on two arms that show the major difference in the efficacy of the program: (1) the self-help group (reference; Arm 1) and (2) the in-person CEASE group (Arm 2). Outcomes included successful quitting, assessed through self-reports, and changes in FTND scores. To examine the concordance between these measures, we tested whether changes in FTND scores fully explained the relationship between the intervention and self-reported quitting. Potential confounders included demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related variables. Data were analyzed using regression and structural equation modeling (SEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of participants were Black Americans, followed by White individuals and those of other racial backgrounds. The CEASE intervention (Arm 2) demonstrated effectiveness in reducing nicotine dependence (measured by FTND) and increasing self-reported quit rates compared to the self-help group. Importantly, changes in FTND scores fully explained the effect of the CEASE intervention on self-reported quitting, highlighting the program's impact on addiction severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Successful quitting measured using self-report is in line with the decline in nicotine addiction severity among low-income racial minority populations. CEASE holds promise as a scalable solution to address smoking disparities in underserved communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":520306,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"4 1","pages":"22-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial Correlates of Childhood Body Mass Index: Racial and Ethnic Differences.","authors":"Shervin Assari, Hossein Zare","doi":"10.31586/gjcd.2025.1180","DOIUrl":"10.31586/gjcd.2025.1180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine racial/ethnic differences in the associations of family socioeconomic status (SES), neighborhood SES, and inhibitory control with body mass index (BMI) in 9-10-year-old children using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included a diverse sample of children aged 9-10 years, representing non-Latino White, Black, Latino, Asian, and Other racial/ethnic groups. BMI was the primary outcome. Key predictors were family SES, neighborhood SES, and inhibitory control. Multivariable regression models were stratified by race/ethnicity to identify group-specific associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Race/ethnic groups differed in psychosocial correlates of childhood BMI at age 9 and 10. Among non-Latino White children, higher family income (B = -0.086, p < 0.001), higher parental education (B = -0.069, p < 0.001), and living in a married household (B = -0.079, p < 0.001) were associated with lower BMI. Additionally, the presence of healthy food options in the zip code (B = -0.030, p = 0.032) was linked to lower BMI, while lack of planning (B = 0.032, p = 0.030) was associated with higher BMI. For non-Latino Black children, positive urgency (B = -0.068, p = 0.022) was negatively associated with BMI, while other factors such as family SES and neighborhood SES did not show significant associations. For Latino children, higher family income (B = -0.093, p = 0.001) and parental education (B = -0.099, p < 0.001) were associated with lower BMI. In this group, male gender (B = 0.043, p = 0.033) was associated with higher BMI. Among Asian children, higher family income (B = -0.199, p = 0.006) and parental education (B = -0.144, p = 0.037) were significantly associated with lower BMI. For children in the \"Other\" racial/ethnic category, higher family income (B = -0.101, p = 0.023), living in a married household (B = -0.076, p = 0.026), and higher median income in the zip code (B = -0.083, p = 0.013) were associated with lower BMI. In this group, male children had lower BMI compared to females (B = -0.089, p = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight substantial racial/ethnic differences in the psychosocial and socioeconomic correlates of BMI in children. There is a need for tailored interventions that target social determinants of childhood high BMI. One size does not fit all.</p>","PeriodicalId":520306,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"4 1","pages":"34-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11870657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diminished Returns of Educational Attainment on Hypertension Prevalence among American Indian and Alaska Native Adults: National Health Interview Survey 2023.","authors":"Shervin Assari, Hossein Zare","doi":"10.31586/gjcd.2025.1148","DOIUrl":"10.31586/gjcd.2025.1148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research on Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) consistently reveals that social determinants of health, especially educational attainment, do not yield equal health benefits across racial and ethnic groups in the United States. MDRs suggest that social stratification, segregation, lower education quality, and labor market discrimination contribute to diminished health returns of education among minoritized groups. However, few studies have tested the relevance of MDRs in American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) populations compared to non-Hispanic White adults.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to examine the strength of the inverse association between educational attainment and hypertension prevalence, hypothesizing that the protective effect of education on hypertension risk is reduced among AIAN adults relative to non-Hispanic Whites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the 2023 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), we analyzed a nationally representative sample of adults aged 18 and older. Logistic regression models examined the association between educational attainment and self-reported hypertension diagnosis, stratified by racial/ethnic group (AIAN vs. non-Hispanic White). Models were adjusted for key covariates, including age, gender, income, and insurance status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher educational attainment was associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension in the combined sample of AIAN and non-Hispanic White adults. However, this protective association was significantly weaker among AIAN adults compared to non-Hispanic White adults, as evidenced by a significant interaction between race and education.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AIAN adults exhibit a higher prevalence of hypertension even at higher levels of educational attainment compared to non-Hispanic White adults, supporting the relevance of MDRs for AIAN populations. This finding underscores the need for public health interventions that address structural barriers and contextual factors unique to AIAN populations. Policies focused solely on educational access may be insufficient to reduce hypertension risk among AIAN adults without addressing broader social and structural inequities.</p>","PeriodicalId":520306,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"4 1","pages":"11-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11822950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Differences in the Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Cardiometabolic Health: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.","authors":"Shervin Assari, Hossein Zare","doi":"10.31586/gjcd.2025.1198","DOIUrl":"10.31586/gjcd.2025.1198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Socioeconomic status (SES) is a well-established determinant of health, often associated with lower risk of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). However, the extent to which SES influences CMD may vary by gender due to differences in social roles, health behaviors, and biological susceptibilities. This study examined the relationship between SES, measured by the poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), and CMD indicators-including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-among men and women using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study utilized NHANES data (1999-2018), adjusting for race/ethnicity and age. SES was operationalized using PIR, with CMD outcomes (obesity, diabetes, and CVD) as dependent variables. Generalized linear models (GLM) were employed to evaluate the main effects of SES on CMD, with gender included as a moderator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher SES was associated with lower overall CMD risk. However, the protective effects of SES were more pronounced in women than in men for all outcomes. These findings suggest that gender-specific pathways may mediate the relationship between SES and CMD. Women may derive greater health benefits from higher SES due to factors such as reduced stress exposure, healthier behaviors, and increased healthcare utilization. Conversely, the weaker association observed in men may reflect differences in social hierarchy sensitivity, responses to unemployment, or other contextual factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the importance of gender-specific considerations when addressing SES-related disparities in CMD outcomes. Policies and interventions aimed at reducing CMD burden should account for these gender differences to promote equitable improvements in cardiometabolic health. Further research is needed to unravel the mechanisms driving these differences and to inform targeted strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520306,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"4 1","pages":"50-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143589579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Common Becomes Normal: Weaker Association Between Neighborhood Stress and Body Mass Index Among Black Adolescents Compared to White Adolescents.","authors":"Shervin Assari, Hossein Zare","doi":"10.31586/gjcd.2024.1121","DOIUrl":"10.31586/gjcd.2024.1121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explores the relationship between neighborhood stress and Body Mass Index (BMI) in adolescents, while also examining whether this association differs between Black and White adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study were analyzed using linear regression models to examine the association between neighborhood stress (defined as a composite score based on three items measuring perceived safety and neighborhood fear) and BMI in adolescents, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic variables. We tested models both with and without interaction terms to assess whether race moderated the association. Stratified analyses were conducted to further explore potential differences between Black and White adolescents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A positive association was observed between neighborhood stress and BMI across the overall sample. However, this association was weaker for Black adolescents compared to White adolescents, even after adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The contribution of neighborhood stress to higher BMI in adolescents may vary by race. Our findings suggest that while neighborhood stress is associated with increased BMI, Black adolescents appear to be less affected by these stressors than their White peers. This weaker association could be due to the normalization of stress in environments where it is pervasive (what is common becomes normal) or the presence of other significant risk factors affecting BMI in Black youth, such as poverty, limited food access, food culture, and food deserts. Future research should explore processes of habituation, inoculation, or even sensitization to stress among Black populations, who are often exposed to a wide range of stressors throughout the life course.</p>","PeriodicalId":520306,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Epidemiology of Dual Use of Electronic and Combustible Cigarettes Among U.S. Adults: Insights from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.","authors":"Shervin Assari, Payam Sheikhattari","doi":"10.31586/gjcd.2024.1131","DOIUrl":"10.31586/gjcd.2024.1131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes poses significant public health concerns due to the compounded risks associated with the use of both products. Understanding the predictors of dual use can inform targeted interventions and tobacco control strategies aimed at reducing nicotine dependence and health risks among adults.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to identify the sociodemographic predictors of dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes among U.S. adults using baseline data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed baseline data from the PATH Study, focusing on adult participants who reported the use of both e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes. Logistic regression models were used to identify the associations between dual use and key sociodemographic variables, including age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed that dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes was predominantly observed among young, female, non-Latino, White, and highly educated adults. Younger adults were more likely to engage in dual use compared to older age groups. Females showed higher rates of dual use compared to males. Non-Latino White individuals were more likely to be dual users than individuals from other racial/ethnic backgrounds. Additionally, higher educational attainment was associated with increased dual use, contrary to traditional smoking patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight specific demographic groups that are at higher risk of dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes, particularly younger, highly educated, non-Latino White females. These insights suggest the need for tailored public health interventions that address the unique needs and behaviors of these populations. Future research should explore the underlying motivations and contextual factors contributing to dual use to enhance the effectiveness of tobacco control policies and cessation programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":520306,"journal":{"name":"Global journal of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"3 1","pages":"13-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11618684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}