Npj viruses最新文献_第2页

SARS-CoV-2 variants retain high airborne transmissibility by different strategies. SARS-CoV-2变体通过不同的策略保持高空气传播性。

Npj viruses Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1038/s44298-025-00120-1

Jie Zhou, Ksenia Sukhova, Rebecca Frise, Laury Baillon, Jonathan C Brown, Thomas P Peacock, Wilhelm Furnon, Vanessa M Cowton, Arvind H Patel, Massimo Palmarini, Wendy S Barclay

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 variants retain high airborne transmissibility by different strategies.","authors":"Jie Zhou, Ksenia Sukhova, Rebecca Frise, Laury Baillon, Jonathan C Brown, Thomas P Peacock, Wilhelm Furnon, Vanessa M Cowton, Arvind H Patel, Massimo Palmarini, Wendy S Barclay","doi":"10.1038/s44298-025-00120-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44298-025-00120-1","url":null,"abstract":"SARS-CoV-2 variants evolve to balance immune evasion and airborne transmission, yet the mechanisms remain unclear. In hamsters, first-wave, Alpha, and Delta variants transmitted efficiently via aerosols. Alpha emitted fewer viral particles than first-wave virus but compensated with a lower infectious dose (ID50). Delta exhibited higher airborne emission but required a higher ID50. A fall in airborne emission of infectious Delta virus over time after infection correlated with a decrease in its infectivity to RNA ratio in nasal wash and a decrease in contagiousness to sentinel animals. Omicron subvariants (BA.1, EG.5.1, BA.2.86, JN.1) displayed varying levels of airborne transmissibility, partially correlated with airborne emissions. Mutations in the non-spike genes contributed to reduced airborne transmissibility, since recombinant viruses with spike genes of BA.1 or JN.1 and non-spike genes from first-wave virus are more efficiently transmitted between hamsters. These findings reveal distinct viral strategies for maintaining airborne transmission. Early assessment of ID50 and aerosolized viral load may help predict transmissibility of emerging variants.","PeriodicalId":520240,"journal":{"name":"Npj viruses","volume":"3 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12045995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Yellow Jack: a modern threat to Asia-Pacific countries? 黄杰克：对亚太国家的现代威胁？

Npj viruses Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1038/s44298-024-00079-5

Duane J Gubler, Kathryn A Hanley, Thomas P Monath, David M Morens, Mauricio Lacerda Nogueira, Nikos Vasilakis, Scott C Weaver

引用次数: 0

A single amino acid mutation alters multiple neutralization epitopes in the respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein. 单个氨基酸突变改变呼吸道合胞病毒融合糖蛋白的多个中和表位。

Npj viruses Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1038/s44298-025-00119-8

Ahmed K Oraby, Aleksandra Stojic, Farah Elawar, Leanne M Bilawchuk, Ryley D McClelland, Kaci Erwin, Madison J Granoski, Cameron D Griffiths, Justin D Frederick, Elena Arutyunova, M Joanne Lemieux, Frederick G West, Octavio Ramilo, Asuncion Mejias, Jason S McLellan, David J Marchant

{"title":"A single amino acid mutation alters multiple neutralization epitopes in the respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein.","authors":"Ahmed K Oraby, Aleksandra Stojic, Farah Elawar, Leanne M Bilawchuk, Ryley D McClelland, Kaci Erwin, Madison J Granoski, Cameron D Griffiths, Justin D Frederick, Elena Arutyunova, M Joanne Lemieux, Frederick G West, Octavio Ramilo, Asuncion Mejias, Jason S McLellan, David J Marchant","doi":"10.1038/s44298-025-00119-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44298-025-00119-8","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of infant hospitalization. All current RSV therapeutics, including antibody prophylaxis and adult vaccination, target the RSV fusion glycoprotein (RSV-F). The seven neutralization sites on RSV-F are highly conserved and infrequently mutate. Here, we show that a single amino acid mutation at position 305 in RSV-F significantly alters antigenic recognition of RSV-F binding sites and reduces the susceptibility of RSV to neutralizing antibodies. In an in vitro evolution assay, we show that RSV-F L305I occurs in a majority of RSV quasi-species. Computational modeling predicted that the L305I mutation altered the epitope landscape of RSV-F, resulting in changes to neutralizing antibody sensitivity and affinity towards the RSV-F glycoprotein. Screening of published RSV-F sequences revealed that position 305 in RSV-F was conserved with a leucine and isoleucine in RSV-A and RSV-B subtypes respectively. Our study suggests that select amino acids in RSV-F may act as 'conformational switches' for RSV to evade host serum antibodies. This work has important implications in understanding RSV evolution and resistance as it suggests that mutational resistance to neutralizing antibodies can occur at sites distal to antigenic epitopes, significantly altering antibody sensitivity to viral infection. These unique antigenic landscape changes should be considered in the context of vaccine and therapeutic development in order to better understand viral mechanisms of evasion and resistance.","PeriodicalId":520240,"journal":{"name":"Npj viruses","volume":"3 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12015481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expansion of the genomic and functional diversity of global ocean giant viruses. 全球海洋巨型病毒基因组和功能多样性的扩展。

Npj viruses Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1038/s44298-025-00122-z

Benjamin Minch, Mohammad Moniruzzaman

{"title":"Expansion of the genomic and functional diversity of global ocean giant viruses.","authors":"Benjamin Minch, Mohammad Moniruzzaman","doi":"10.1038/s44298-025-00122-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44298-025-00122-z","url":null,"abstract":"Giant viruses (GVs) play crucial roles in the global ocean microbial food web and biogeochemistry. Recent metagenomic advances have uncovered >1800 new GV genomes from the world's oceans. While this rapid increase in genomic information is impressive, it is nowhere close to the extensive genomic information available for other marine entities-e.g., prokaryotes and their \"virome\". We present 230 new high-quality GV genomes (genomes with 4 or more marker genes) and 398 partial genomes from nine global ocean datasets. Notably, we identified numerous GV genomes from the Baltic Sea, offering insights into their phylogenomics, metabolic potential, and environmental drivers in one of the largest brackish water ecosystems. We discovered new GV functions and identified a significant functional divide between the Imitervirales and Algavirales orders. Additionally, we evaluated factors affecting GV abundance through a case study on the Baltic Sea dataset. Our study significantly expands the marine GV genomic and functional diversity, broadening our understanding of their roles in the food web and biogeochemistry.","PeriodicalId":520240,"journal":{"name":"Npj viruses","volume":"3 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12012013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Borna disease virus 2 maintains genomic polymorphisms by superinfection in persistently infected cells. 博纳病病毒2在持续感染的细胞中通过重复感染维持基因组多态性。

Npj viruses Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1038/s44298-025-00117-w

Takehiro Kanda, Pauline Dianne Santos, Dirk Höper, Martin Beer, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Keizo Tomonaga

{"title":"Borna disease virus 2 maintains genomic polymorphisms by superinfection in persistently infected cells.","authors":"Takehiro Kanda, Pauline Dianne Santos, Dirk Höper, Martin Beer, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Keizo Tomonaga","doi":"10.1038/s44298-025-00117-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44298-025-00117-w","url":null,"abstract":"Mammalian orthobornaviruses, such as Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) and variegated squirrel bornavirus 1, are zoonotic pathogens that cause fatal encephalitis in humans. BoDV-2, another mammalian orthobornavirus with high genetic homology to BoDV-1, is believed to share the same geographical distribution as BoDV-1, indicating its potential risk to human health. However, due to the limited number of isolations, the virological characteristics of BoDV-2, such as pathogenicity and infectivity, remain largely unexplored. Here, we re-evaluated the whole-genome sequence of BoDV-2 and established a reverse genetics system to investigate its virological properties. Compared to the published reference sequence, we identified two nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions in the large (L) gene, one of which was critical for restoring polymerase activity, enabling the successful recovery of recombinant BoDV-2 (rBoDV-2). Additionally, we identified two nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the L gene and one in the phosphoprotein (P) gene. Substitution of these SNPs significantly enhanced the growth ability of rBoDV-2. Furthermore, our studies demonstrated that BoDV-2 does not induce superinfection exclusion in cells, allowing the persistence of low-fitness genome variants for an extended period of time. These findings help to characterize the virological properties of BoDV-2 and shed light on how bornaviruses maintain genetic diversity in infected cells.","PeriodicalId":520240,"journal":{"name":"Npj viruses","volume":"3 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural dynamics of the dengue virus non-structural 5 (NS5) interactions with promoter stem-loop A (SLA). 登革病毒非结构5 （NS5）与启动子茎环A相互作用的结构动力学

Npj viruses Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1038/s44298-025-00112-1

Juliet O Obi, Kyle C Kihn, Linfah McQueen, James K Fields, Greg A Snyder, Daniel J Deredge

{"title":"Structural dynamics of the dengue virus non-structural 5 (NS5) interactions with promoter stem-loop A (SLA).","authors":"Juliet O Obi, Kyle C Kihn, Linfah McQueen, James K Fields, Greg A Snyder, Daniel J Deredge","doi":"10.1038/s44298-025-00112-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44298-025-00112-1","url":null,"abstract":"The dengue virus (DENV) NS5 protein, essential for viral RNA synthesis, is an attractive antiviral drug target. DENV NS5 interacts with the stem-loop A (SLA) promoter at the 5'-untranslated region of the viral genome to initiate negative-strand synthesis. However, the conformational dynamics of this interaction remains unclear. Our study explores the structural dynamics of DENV serotype 2 NS5 (DENV2 NS5) in complex with SLA, employing surface plasmon resonance (SPR), hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), computational modeling, and cryoEM. Our findings reveal that DENV2 NS5 binds SLA in a closed conformation, with interdomain cooperation between its methyltransferase (MTase) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains, critical for the interaction. SLA binding induces conformational changes in both domains, highlighting NS5's multifunctional role in viral replication. Our cryoEM results visualizes the DENV2 NS5-SLA complex, confirming a conserved SLA binding across DENV serotypes and provides key insights for antiviral strategies targeting NS5's conformational states.","PeriodicalId":520240,"journal":{"name":"Npj viruses","volume":"3 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12003724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A decade of grapevine red blotch disease epidemiology reveals zonal roguing as novel disease management. 十年来葡萄红斑病的流行病学研究表明，区域控制是一种新的疾病管理方法。

Npj viruses Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1038/s44298-025-00111-2

M T Flasco, D W Heck, E J Cieniewicz, M L Cooper, S J Pethybridge, M F Fuchs

引用次数: 0

Genetic diversity of Toscana virus glycoproteins affects the kinetics of virus entry and the infectivity of newly produced virions. 托斯卡纳病毒糖蛋白的遗传多样性影响病毒进入动力学和新产生的病毒粒子的感染性。

Npj viruses Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1038/s44298-025-00113-0

Adrien Thiesson, Marie-Pierre Confort, Sophie Desloire, Alain Kohl, Frédérick Arnaud, Maxime Ratinier

{"title":"Genetic diversity of Toscana virus glycoproteins affects the kinetics of virus entry and the infectivity of newly produced virions.","authors":"Adrien Thiesson, Marie-Pierre Confort, Sophie Desloire, Alain Kohl, Frédérick Arnaud, Maxime Ratinier","doi":"10.1038/s44298-025-00113-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s44298-025-00113-0","url":null,"abstract":"Toscana virus (TOSV) is a pathogenic and transmissible Phlebovirus of the Bunyavirales order. To date, two principal genetic lineages (A and B) have been identified and the impact of TOSV genetic diversity on its biology is still unknown. We used a reverse genetic approach based on two TOSV strains belonging to lineage A or B (i.e., TOSV-A and TOSV-B) and displaying different in vitro replicative fitness. Our results demonstrate that the sequences of Gn and Gc glycoproteins are responsible for the differences in replicative fitness between the two TOSV strains. Moreover, our data show that TOSV-A and TOSV-B display different entry kinetics and that newly-produced virions have different infectivity. This comparative approach demonstrates that the genetic diversity of TOSV can significantly impact viral properties and highlights the need for better molecular characterisation of the genomes of circulating TOSV strains, with a particular focus on the viral Gn and Gc glycoproteins.","PeriodicalId":520240,"journal":{"name":"Npj viruses","volume":"3 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of oxidative stress on viral infections: an overview. 氧化应激对病毒感染的影响：综述。

Npj viruses Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1038/s44298-025-00110-3

Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh, Michinori Kohara, Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara

引用次数: 0

Atomic force microscopy at the forefront: unveiling foodborne viruses with biophysical tools. 原子力显微镜在前沿：揭示食源性病毒与生物物理工具。

Npj viruses Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1038/s44298-025-00107-y

Rita Dos Santos Natividade, Barbara Danzer, Veronika Somoza, Melanie Koehler

引用次数: 0