Frontiers in dementia最新文献

{"title":"Sex differences in risk factors for Alzheimer dementia encephalopathy patients.","authors":"Connor John O'Brien, James Wayne Patterson, Dami Taiwo Ojo, Nathan Gerhard Faulstich, Killian Joseph Bucci, Philip Cole Brewer, Adebobola Imeh-Nathaniel, Emmanuel I Nathaniel, Laurie Roley, Richard Goodwin, Thomas I Nathaniel","doi":"10.3389/frdem.2025.1593788","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frdem.2025.1593788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The objective is to identify risk factors that contribute to sex differences in Alzheimer dementia (AD) patients with encephalopathy (ADEN) and determine whether these factors are different between male and female ADEN patients. This is the first large-scale study comparing sex-specific ADEN risk profiles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our retrospective cohort study analyzed data collected from February 2016 to August 2020. It included a total of 128,769 AD patients, among whom 41,266 AD patients also presented with encephalopathy, compared to 87,503 AD patients that did not. The univariate analysis was used to determine differences in risk factors for male and female AD patients. Multivariate analysis predicted specific risk factors associated with male and female ADEN patients.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>In the adjusted analysis, males presented with hypertension (OR = 1.144, 95% CI, 1.094-1.197, <i>p</i> < 0.001), peripheral vascular disease (OR = 1.606, 95% CI, 1.485-1.737, <i>p</i> < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.555, 95% CI, 1.443-1.676, <i>p</i> < 0.001), hallucinations (OR = 1.406, 95% CI, 1.119-1.766, <i>p</i> = 0.003), and traumatic head injury (OR = 3.211, 95% CI, 2.346-4.395, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Females presented with osteoporosis (OR = 0.307, 95% CI, 0.278-0.340, <i>p</i> < 0.001), unspecified cancer (OR = 0.615, 95% CI, 0.512-0.740, <i>p</i> < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.609, 95% CI, 0.565-0.655, <i>p</i> < 0.001), urinary tract infections (UTI) (OR = 0.451, 95% CI, 0.423-0.481, <i>p</i> < 0.001), upper respiratory infections (URI) (OR = 0.531, 95% CI, 0.432-0.653, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and gastrointestinal ulceration (OR = 0.338, 95% CI, 0.269-0.424, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our analysis identified risk factors that contribute to sex differences in ADEN. This difference was fully mediated by peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation, hallucinations, and traumatic head injury for males and unspecified cancer, anxiety, urinary tract infections, upper respiratory infections, and gastrointestinal ulceration for females. These findings provide valuable insights into the risk factors that can be managed to improve the care of male and female ADEN patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":520000,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dementia","volume":"4 ","pages":"1593788"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From inclusion to empowerment: advancing equity through co-research with people living with dementia.","authors":"Lillian Hung, Joey Wong, Karen Lok Yi Wong, Emily Ong, Granville Johnson, Helen Rochford-Brennan, Jim Mann, Lester Gierach, Lynn Jackson, Mario Gregorio, Mary Beth Wighton, Phyllis Fehr","doi":"10.3389/frdem.2025.1600162","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frdem.2025.1600162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Too often, people living with dementia are spoken for rather than spoken with. This reflects deeply embedded assumptions/biases about people living with dementia in our society. This article explores the experiences and insights of individuals with dementia, positioning empowerment as a foundational strategy to advance social citizenship and equity. We collaboratively on more than a decade of shared work in research and advocacy. Our collective analysis identifies three key dimensions essential for meaningful empowerment: (a) recognizing strengths and building capacities, (b) equitable leadership, and (c) supportive environments and learning together. Our findings demonstrate that intentional, respectful collaboration produces extensive social, political, and healthcare benefits, actively challenging inequities and fostering a deeper sense of belonging and contribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":520000,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dementia","volume":"4 ","pages":"1600162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurogenesis drives hippocampal formation-wide spatial transcription alterations in health and Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Zachery D Morrissey, Pavan Kumar, Trongha X Phan, Mark Maienschein-Cline, Alex Leow, Orly Lazarov","doi":"10.3389/frdem.2025.1546433","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frdem.2025.1546433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mechanism by which neurogenesis regulates the profile of neurons and glia in the hippocampal formation is not known. Further, the effect of neurogenesis on neuronal vulnerability characterizing the entorhinal cortex in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unknown. Here, we used <i>in situ</i> sequencing to investigate the spatial transcription profile of neurons and glia in the hippocampal circuitry in wild-type mice and in familial AD (FAD) mice expressing varying levels of neurogenesis. This approach revealed that in addition to the dentate gyrus, neurogenesis modulates the cellular profile in the entorhinal cortex and CA regions of the hippocampus. Notably, enhancing neurogenesis in FAD mice led to partial restoration of neuronal and cellular profile in these brain areas, resembling the profile of their wild-type counterparts. This approach provides a platform for the examination of the cellular dynamics in the hippocampal formation in health and in AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":520000,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dementia","volume":"4 ","pages":"1546433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12041076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposing a multi-method phenomenological approach in exploring the perceived daily life experiences of people with dementia in their dementia care environments and immediate outdoor settings.","authors":"Alexia Mercieca, Iain Scott, Catharine Ward Thompson, Heather Wilkinson","doi":"10.3389/frdem.2025.1502911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frdem.2025.1502911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The environment in this study is presented primarily drawing on the theoretical definition of home, and its experience and meaning to the individual with dementia, with an interest in access to outdoors. Notions of perception, cognitive image and affordance are central to the sense of home, and in turn the sense of self that this may inform and support. This theoretical framework informs the multi-method phenomenological approach proposed, through themes of spatial legibility, cultural appropriateness, fascination, user-centredness and personalisation. The novelty of the methodological toolkit lies in the incorporation of methods that have been traditionally used in research with people with dementia as the basis of the framework, but which are supplemented by additional layers developed from conventional architectural tools to create a more visual representation of the environmental experience. Despite its apparent complexity, the methodology yields a very clear and precise image of the person's presence in her surroundings, at once providing a location in space and time, her mood and engagement, as well as a layering of the affordances that may have informed her behavior. This method was developed as part of this research, and remains unique to it. Its innovation lies in the progression of the DCM tool, the integration of the notion of affordances and architectural mapping techniques to propose a holistic depiction of the care experience of people with dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":520000,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dementia","volume":"4 ","pages":"1502911"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11994584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report: Behavioral variant FTD confounding a language variant FTD in a case of PSP-CBS.","authors":"Alexandra V Jürs, Elisabeth Kasper, Manuela Neumann, Jens Kurth, Bernd J Krause, Daniel Cantré, Johannes Prudlo","doi":"10.3389/frdem.2025.1540519","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frdem.2025.1540519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) occurs in two main clinical subtypes, which can transition into one another: the behavioral variant (bvFTD) and the language variant (primary progressive aphasia; PPA). It is common for the latter, as primary progressive aphasia (PPA), to transition into bvFTD; however, the opposite development, where bvFTD is followed by \"secondary progressive aphasia,\" has received little attention. This constellation is particularly challenging to recognize as frontal dysexecutive syndrome can confound subsequent progressive aphasia as impulsive behavior, a lack of inhibition, and apathy can lead to non-aphasic communication disturbances, including impoverished syntax, reduced cognitive flexibility, and insufficient error monitoring. A 78-year-old patient, with a disease duration of 10 years, was initially diagnosed in the 3rd year of the disease with corticobasal syndrome (CBS) with frontal behavioral-spatial syndrome (CBS-FBS) and subsequently with CBS with progressive non-fluent aphasia (CBS-PNFA) in the 4th year. Severe ophthalmoplegia was the reason for changing the diagnosis in the seventh year to progressive supranuclear palsy with CBS predominance type (PSP-CBS). The pathological diagnosis was FTLD-tau in the form of a PSP subtype. The MRI showed asymmetric atrophy, particularly of the left insular cortex and the left inferior frontal gyrus. The 2-[¹⁸F]FDG-PET revealed left-accentuated bifrontal glucose hypometabolism. This case report highlights how progressive neurodegenerative aphasia can occur in FTD not only as a primary language phenomenon (in the sense of PPA) but also as a secondary phenomenon (following a primary behavioral disorder with a non-aphasic communication disorder). Dysexecutive syndrome can mask aphasia. Therefore, incorporating spontaneous speech tasks into standard neuropsychological language tests, in addition to MRI and PET imaging techniques, could help better recognize such secondary aphasias, even in the presence of dysexecutive syndrome, and thus broaden our understanding of the natural history of FTD.</p>","PeriodicalId":520000,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dementia","volume":"4 ","pages":"1540519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11937099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wayfinding behavioral patterns of seniors with dementia: two exploratory case studies.","authors":"Leonie van Buuren, Daantje Derks, Masi Mohammadi, Bernard Colenbrander","doi":"10.3389/frdem.2025.1524425","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frdem.2025.1524425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While wayfinding is vital for quality of life, it is also a declining skill for people with dementia. Understanding wayfinding behavioral patterns of people with dementia helps to improve the nursing home corridor designs to facilitate autonomously conducting activities of daily life. However, a comprehensive image of these patterns is lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An empirical qualitative study was conducted, studying seven wayfinding behavioral patterns of people with advanced dementia (<i>n</i> = 8) in two nursing home corridors where they live, using fly-on-the-wall observation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data show that the most frequent wayfinding behavioral patterns observed were \"movements\" followed by \"looking at\", \"stops on the route\", and \"verbal navigational cues\".</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These behaviors occurred often at crossroads; i.e., places in which participants should make a decision concerning continuing their route. Spatially, these places have high-visibility values and many things to see for people with dementia. Contradictory, these places might cause more confusion for people with dementia. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the design of these spaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":520000,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dementia","volume":"4 ","pages":"1524425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Differentiation of Alzheimer's disease from other neurodegenerative disorders using chemiluminescence immunoassays measuring cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.","authors":"Philipp Arendt, Katharina Römpler, Britta Brix, Viola Borchardt-Lohölter, Mandy Busse, Stefan Busse","doi":"10.3389/frdem.2025.1568275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frdem.2025.1568275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/frdem.2024.1455619.].</p>","PeriodicalId":520000,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dementia","volume":"4 ","pages":"1568275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informed consent in dementia research: how Public Involvement can contribute to addressing \"old\" and \"new\" challenges.","authors":"Ana Diaz, Cindy Birck, Angela Bradshaw, Jean Georges, Daphne Lamirel, Soraya Moradi-Bachiller, Dianne Gove","doi":"10.3389/frdem.2025.1536762","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frdem.2025.1536762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Informed consent is a critical ethical requirement in research, ensuring the protection of participants' rights and promoting their wellbeing and autonomy. In dementia research, this process becomes particularly complex due to cognitive impairments and fluctuating capacity. While substantial work has been done to address these challenges, much of the literature on informed consent in dementia research has been shaped by the perspectives of researchers and healthcare professionals, with less focus on those with lived experience. This paper provides an overview of the perspectives of people with dementia and their carers resulting from Public Involvement activities organized by Alzheimer Europe. It builds on Alzheimer Europe's previous work with the European Working Group of People with Dementia and draws on discussions held during a face-to-face meeting about Participant Informed Consent forms and processes used in two specific European projects. We highlight views and key concerns raised by people with lived experience regarding the informed consent process, including barriers and facilitators. In addition to ensuring understandability, the discussions emphasized the importance of promoting respect and autonomy, ensuring that the values and interests of people with lived experience remain central throughout the research process. This paper contributes to the ongoing dialogue on improving informed consent practices in dementia research, highlighting the need for continuous involvement and the inclusion of people with lived experience in shaping consent practices to address both old and emerging challenges (i.e., new types of research such as artificial intelligence and data sharing/re-use) in dementia research.</p>","PeriodicalId":520000,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dementia","volume":"4 ","pages":"1536762"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11832540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining familiarity in nursing homes providing care for residents with dementia: a scoping review.","authors":"Joanna Sun, Sumiyo Brennan, Therese Doan","doi":"10.3389/frdem.2025.1470066","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frdem.2025.1470066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explores the underpinning definitions associated with familiarity in the context of dementia inclusive design and nursing home environment.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Environmental design in nursing homes impacts the quality of life and care of residents with dementia. One of the key principles of design is the need for the environment to achieve a sense of familiarity. However, there are divergent perspectives regarding the term \"familiarity.\" Inconsistent definitions are challenging to understand, and they continue to impact the implementation of good design. To that end, this scoping review examines the definitions and associated with familiarity, dementia, and the design of nursing home environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews ensure the rigor of the scoping review. Searches were conducted using six databases for peer-reviewed publications in English from 1991 to 2023. Search terms included \"dementia,\" \"nursing home,\" \"long-term care,\" \"familiar,\" \"familiarity,\" and \"environments.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The searches yielded 245 publications. Of those, 46 studies from 19 countries were included in this review. The review uncovered three central themes and compelling evidence citing the inclusion of homelike environments. Emphasis on design considerations includes the wellbeing of the designated population and the need to embrace multisensory integration in the design process.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A strong link exists between familiarity and key design considerations, such as a homelike environment, wellbeing, and multisensory integration. These considerations can enhance the effectiveness of the design of familiar environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":520000,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dementia","volume":"4 ","pages":"1470066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating neuropathological correlates of hyperactive and psychotic symptoms in dementia: a systematic review.","authors":"Giulia Negro, Michele Rossi, Camillo Imbimbo, Alberto Gatti, Andrea Magi, Ildebrando Marco Appollonio, Alfredo Costa, Tino Emanuele Poloni","doi":"10.3389/frdem.2025.1513644","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frdem.2025.1513644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) are common neuropsychiatric manifestations that complicate the clinical course of dementia and impact caregiving. Among these, the Hyperactivity-Impulsivity-Irritiability-Disinhibition-Aggression-Agitation (HIDA) and Psychosis (P) domains are particularly challenging to manage. Despite their prevalence, their underlying mechanisms and neuropathological correlates, remain poorly understood. This systematic review aims to elucidate the neuropathological basis of the HIDA and psychosis domains, exploring whether distinct proteinopathies and neural circuit dysfunctions are associated with these symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review follows PRISMA guidelines, with a systematic search conducted across MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE databases. Inclusion criteria involved studies exploring the neuropathology of the HIDA and psychosis domains in individuals with dementia. Records were screened using PICO software, and data quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and CARE guidelines. A narrative synthesis was conducted due to heterogeneity in the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 846 records identified, 37 studies met inclusion criteria. Of the 18,823 cases analyzed, the most common diagnoses were Alzheimer's Disease (83.44%), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (5.37%), and Frontotemporal Dementia (13.40%). HIDA-P symptoms were distributed across all clinical diagnoses, with agitation (14.00%), delusions (11.60%), disinhibition (7.61%), and hallucinations (6.83%) being the most frequently reported behaviors. The primary neuropathological diagnosis was Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathologic Change (ADNC), present predominantly in intermediate to severe forms. The neuropathological analysis revealed the co-occurrence of multiple proteinopathies, particularly TAUopathy, TDP-43 pathology, and Lewy-related pathology (LRP), with the latter, in association with ADNC, reported in 15 studies.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>HIDA-P symptoms were linked with overlapping involvement of different neural circuits, particularly the amygdala and the broader limbic system. Evidence suggests that TAUopathy and multiple proteinopathies in key brain regions, such as amygdala, are central to the development of these symptoms. In contrast, the contribution of beta-amyloid and vascular damage appears marginal in the genesis of HIDA and psychotic symptoms. No behavioral symptom is pathognomonic of a specific proteinopathy; rather, the topography and severity of lesions plays a more decisive role than their single molecular composition.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>INPLASY2024100082.</p>","PeriodicalId":520000,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dementia","volume":"4 ","pages":"1513644"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11814221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}