IJTLD openPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0608
K H Oh, F Morishita, K Rahevar, R-P Yadav, H T G Tran, G B Marks, M C Raviglione, B J Marais
{"title":"The Western Pacific Regional Framework to End TB: overview and critical reflection.","authors":"K H Oh, F Morishita, K Rahevar, R-P Yadav, H T G Tran, G B Marks, M C Raviglione, B J Marais","doi":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0608","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite notable progress, TB remains a critical public health challenge in the Western Pacific Region. To address this, the WHO developed the Western Pacific Regional Framework to End TB, which aligns with global health targets, such as the End TB Strategy and the Sustainable Development Goals. Here, we critically review the Framework, highlighting its strengths and ongoing challenges, with suggestions as to how it might adapt. Although the Framework offers a comprehensive strategy for reducing the TB burden, its success depends on effective implementation across diverse socio-economic contexts. Key obstacles include undiagnosed infectious TB cases, limited healthcare infrastructure, persistent inequities in access to TB services, and drug-resistant TB. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these challenges, disrupting TB services and delaying progress towards 2030 targets. The Framework's reliance on multisectoral partnerships and innovative technologies presents opportunities but requires substantial political commitment, sustained funding and system-wide health reforms. Additionally, gaps remain in addressing social determinants of TB. Ensuring equity, maintaining political will, and fostering international collaboration are essential to overcoming these barriers. Continuous evaluation and adaptation will be crucial in ensuring the Framework's effectiveness in eliminating TB in the Region by 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":519984,"journal":{"name":"IJTLD open","volume":"2 2","pages":"64-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IJTLD openPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0498
O Kirakosyan, M Reimann, A B Andersen, A Bjarnason, Á Bakos, A M Dyrhol-Riise, A M McLaughlin, C Nita, D Pieridou, D Chesov, E V Davidavičienė, G Günther, H Atshemyan, I Muylle, I Solovic, J Bruchfeld, K Manika, L Kuksa, L R Codecasa, M Stosic, M Skowroński, M J Makek, M Fréchet Jachym, M Knappik, M Santin, N Yatskevich, O Konstantynovska, O Akkerman, P Svetina, P Viiklepp, R Duarte, S Zeynel, T Togonidze, T Vasankari, V Parris, Ş Özkara, C Lange, T T Brehm
{"title":"Use of putative hepatoprotective agents as an adjunct to anti-TB treatment in Europe.","authors":"O Kirakosyan, M Reimann, A B Andersen, A Bjarnason, Á Bakos, A M Dyrhol-Riise, A M McLaughlin, C Nita, D Pieridou, D Chesov, E V Davidavičienė, G Günther, H Atshemyan, I Muylle, I Solovic, J Bruchfeld, K Manika, L Kuksa, L R Codecasa, M Stosic, M Skowroński, M J Makek, M Fréchet Jachym, M Knappik, M Santin, N Yatskevich, O Konstantynovska, O Akkerman, P Svetina, P Viiklepp, R Duarte, S Zeynel, T Togonidze, T Vasankari, V Parris, Ş Özkara, C Lange, T T Brehm","doi":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0498","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anecdotal information suggests that clinical practice regarding the use of putative hepatoprotective agents in TB treatment varies across countries in the WHO European Region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between November 2023 and May 2024, we conducted a standardised questionnaire survey on the use of putative hepatoprotective agents in patients receiving TB treatment among Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (TBnet) representatives in countries in the WHO European Region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We received valid responses from 37 of 53 countries (69.8%), with 16 (43.2%) reporting regular use of putative hepatoprotective agents during anti-TB treatment. Half of these countries (<i>n</i> = 8) are part of the former Soviet Union. In five countries, these agents are recommended by national guidelines. The most commonly used hepatoprotective agents were silibin/silymarin (<i>n</i> = 9, 56.3%), ursodeoxycholic acid (<i>n</i> = 5, 31.3%), and soy phospholipids (<i>n</i> = 4, 25.0%). Treatment duration varied, with 56.3% (<i>n</i> = 9) using them for less than 1 month, 18.8% (<i>n</i> = 3) for 1-3 months, and 18.8% (<i>n</i> = 3) for 4-6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Putative hepatoprotective agents are widely used as an adjunct to TB treatment in the WHO European Region, particularly in the countries of the former Soviet Union, some of which have included them in their national guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":519984,"journal":{"name":"IJTLD open","volume":"2 2","pages":"101-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IJTLD openPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0644
H D Blackbourn, G B Migliori
{"title":"Introducing a new series in IJTLD OPEN 'Ending the TB epidemic'.","authors":"H D Blackbourn, G B Migliori","doi":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0644","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The latest figures for TB are a sombre reminder that we need to accelerate progress to eradicate this disease. We are, therefore, launching a series of articles that bring the focus back onto TB elimination. We begin with an article that highlights the factors that have helped to reduce mortality due to HIV/AIDS and the lessons that might be applied to TB control. Then, the authors of a 'Regional Perspective' describe the current strategy to reduce the burden of TB in the Western Pacific Region. The authors critically review the progress made, and the remaining challenges, allowing them to propose additional elements to improve TB control. We anticipate that the series will highlight many commonalities, but also provide ideas for innovative solutions, and provoke discussion on how best to move forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":519984,"journal":{"name":"IJTLD open","volume":"2 2","pages":"59-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IJTLD openPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0618
A D Harries
{"title":"Ending the TB epidemic - what can we learn from the HIV epidemic?","authors":"A D Harries","doi":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0618","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advocates for community-wide screening promote this approach to reduce TB incidence and end the TB epidemic. The roll-out of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected people is often cited as evidence that such ambitious programmes can work, even in remote, low-resource settings. It is important to remember that three landmark interventions made the HIV/AIDS response so successful. These were: simple-to-use tests made point-of-care HIV testing universally available; safe, acceptable, effective ART saved lives; and pre-exposure prophylaxis prevented transmission. A similar level of diagnostic simplicity and well-tolerated treatments need to be developed to make community-wide screening for TB affordable, scalable and effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":519984,"journal":{"name":"IJTLD open","volume":"2 2","pages":"61-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IJTLD openPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0564
J Pyana Kitenge, Q Said-Hartley, A Dubbeldam, I Kabeya Mulaji, P Kyansa Mangi, P Musa Obadia, M Jeebhay, S Ronsmans, B Nemery
{"title":"Rapidly progressive silicosis previously diagnosed as pulmonary TB in mineworkers.","authors":"J Pyana Kitenge, Q Said-Hartley, A Dubbeldam, I Kabeya Mulaji, P Kyansa Mangi, P Musa Obadia, M Jeebhay, S Ronsmans, B Nemery","doi":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0564","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0564","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519984,"journal":{"name":"IJTLD open","volume":"2 2","pages":"110-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IJTLD openPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0551
S Singh, G D Boorgula, A Shrivastava, T Gumbo, S Srivastava
{"title":"Comparative efficacy of tetracyclines against isolates of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex.","authors":"S Singh, G D Boorgula, A Shrivastava, T Gumbo, S Srivastava","doi":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0551","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0551","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519984,"journal":{"name":"IJTLD open","volume":"2 2","pages":"113-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IJTLD openPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0449
K Chikamatsu, Y Shimomura, A Osugi, S Mitarai
{"title":"Assessing the accuracy of the updated Fujifilm SILVAMP TB LAM II assay between lot numbers.","authors":"K Chikamatsu, Y Shimomura, A Osugi, S Mitarai","doi":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0449","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Fujifilm SILVAMP TB LAM (FujiLAM) assay, a point-of-care test detecting urine-based lipoarabinomannans, has demonstrated notable diagnostic accuracy for TB. However, FujiLAM exhibits lot-to-lot variability, limiting its clinical use. A new version of the product, Fujifilm SILVAMP TB LAM II (FujiLAM II), was developed to address this issue. This study evaluated the lot-to-lot variability and diagnostic accuracy of the FujiLAM II.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed three lots of FujiLAM II using 158 biobanked, frozen urine specimens from people living with HIV (PLHIV): 72 TB-positive and 86 TB-negative, according to the microbiological reference standard.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Independent proportions of the results among the three FujiLAM II lots did not differ (Cochrane <i>Q</i> test: <i>P</i> > 0.37). Overall, sensitivities of the three FujiLAM II lots were 78.3%, 79.7% and 79.7%, and specificities were 92.9%, 93.0% and 93.0%, respectively. In patients with CD4 cell counts <200 cells/µL, sensitivities of the three FujiLAM II lots were 97.8%, 100% and 100%, and specificities were 91.7%, 91.8% and 91.8%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The FujiLAM II demonstrated no lot-to-lot variability and exhibited high sensitivity and specificity for TB diagnosis in patients with CD4 cell counts <200 cells/µL. The FujiLAM II enhanced reproducibility as a TB diagnostic tool in PLHIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":519984,"journal":{"name":"IJTLD open","volume":"2 2","pages":"96-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IJTLD openPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0494
J Creswell, C Colvin
{"title":"Closing the gaps in childhood TB detection.","authors":"J Creswell, C Colvin","doi":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0494","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, the gap between the number of children who develop TB and those who are detected and treated is narrowing, but it remains much wider than among adults. Several new diagnostic tests and approaches have been implemented recently, and more are anticipated in the development pipeline. We examine current tools and prospects for diagnostic testing and propose a framework to guide national TB programs and partners in addressing the TB treatment coverage gap among children while highlighting promising research and programmatic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":519984,"journal":{"name":"IJTLD open","volume":"2 2","pages":"83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IJTLD openPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0600
V Chavan, A Silsarma, R Mahajan, S Khan, P Singh, A Iyer, A Dalal, H Spencer, P Isaakidis
{"title":"Sustained treatment success at 12 months for drug-resistant TB patients on concomitant bedaquiline-delamanid.","authors":"V Chavan, A Silsarma, R Mahajan, S Khan, P Singh, A Iyer, A Dalal, H Spencer, P Isaakidis","doi":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0600","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0600","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519984,"journal":{"name":"IJTLD open","volume":"2 2","pages":"107-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IJTLD openPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0360
H T T Thuy, C Padmapriyadarsini, C Chuchottaworn, S Foraida, S Hadigal, A R Birajdar
{"title":"Efficacy and safety data on pretomanid for drug-resistant TB.","authors":"H T T Thuy, C Padmapriyadarsini, C Chuchottaworn, S Foraida, S Hadigal, A R Birajdar","doi":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0360","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To summarise the efficacy and safety of pretomanid (Pa) based regimens in patients with drug-resistant TB (DR-TB).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included clinical trials, operational research and observational studies reporting the efficacy and safety of Pa-based regimens in DR-TB. The duration of the treatment was at least 24 weeks. Efficacy was reported as a favourable/unfavourable outcome and culture conversion. Safety was reported in terms of death and frequency of adverse events of special interest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 127 articles identified, 13 were included. The proportion of favourable outcomes reported was 76-100%, and the median time to culture conversion was 4-6 weeks. Culture conversion rates ranged from 80-100% by the end of 3 months of treatment, regardless of the type of drug resistance. Treatment completion rates in the operational research studies varied between 18-93%. Safety events were not proportionate among the studies included, possibly due to the differing linezolid dosing (more frequent in the 1,200 mg dose regimen).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our review supports the use of Pa-based regimens in patients with DR-TB. The results indicate that Pa-based regimens are efficacious with tolerable safety profile in DR-TB patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":519984,"journal":{"name":"IJTLD open","volume":"2 2","pages":"73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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