Biophotonics discovery最新文献

{"title":"Handheld laser speckle contrast imaging probe: quantitative video rate assessment of tissue perfusion in animal and patient applications.","authors":"Han Dong, Parker A Willmon, Pratheepa K Rasiah, Sean T Fitzgerald, Emmanuel A Mannoh, Carmen C Solórzano, Anita Mahadevan-Jansen","doi":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.3.035003","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.3.035003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a quantitative and contrast-free imaging technique for the perfusion status of superficial tissue blood vessels. This technique has been effectively used for perfusion assessment in many clinical applications. However, existing LSCI systems are typically overhead camera-based devices that are bulky and pose challenges for seamless integration into clinical workflow.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Here, we present a miniaturized handheld LSCI system that has been validated on a flow phantom. Further, its intraoperative performance on tissue perfusion detection is compared with that of a conventional overhead LSCI system.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>The LSCI probe has a pen-shaped sterilizable package that allows for maneuverability. The performance of the handheld device was tested in mouse craniotomy and human parathyroidectomy experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The developed handheld LSCI probe can differentiate perfused from compromised, unperfused tissue targets with performance similar to that of an overhead camera system.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Miniaturized LSCI can classify the perfusion in both animal cortices and human parathyroid glands without the need for significant motion correction, suggesting easy adoption in future clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":519981,"journal":{"name":"Biophotonics discovery","volume":"2 3","pages":"035003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13052486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deployment of a real-time prostate cancer confirmation system with Raman spectroscopy: fine-tuning versus test-time adaptation of 1D CNNs.","authors":"David Grajales, William T Le, Victor Blanquez-Yeste, Frédérick Dallaire, Feryel Azzi, Guila Delouya, Dominique Trudel, Frédéric Leblond, Cynthia Ménard, Samuel Kadoury","doi":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.3.032706","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.3.032706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Prostate cancer (PCa) confirmation during needle-based procedures is limited by the lack of intraoperative diagnostic tools. Raman spectroscopy (RS), combined with classification models, offers a promising solution for real-time tissue characterization, potentially improving sampling accuracy and therapy guidance. However, such models require tissue- and organ-specific data, making deployment in studies challenging due to limited data availability.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim is to develop a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) for real-time PCa detection using RS on prospectively collected <i>ex vivo</i> data, leveraging multi-organ pre-training and evaluating two domain adaptation strategies.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>A ResNet-based 1D-CNN was trained for binary cancer/normal tissue classification. We implemented a pre-training strategy using retrospective RS data from brain, breast, and prostate (202 patients), along with pre-trained bacterial models, followed by efficient fine-tuning and test-time adaptation (TTA) to adapt to unseen domains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prospective RS data were acquired using a robotic system from 10 PCa patients (two to five biopsies each). The fine-tuned model achieved 0.76 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.79 accuracy, 0.83 sensitivity, and 0.72 specificity, outperforming support vector machines. TTA improved predictions when labels were unavailable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pre-trained 1D-CNNs combined with efficient fine-tuning or TTA enable accurate PCa detection in small-cohort settings using real-time RS.</p>","PeriodicalId":519981,"journal":{"name":"Biophotonics discovery","volume":"2 3","pages":"032706"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13052485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noninvasive measurements of skeletal muscle hemodynamics using frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy: contributions from adipose and bone tissues.","authors":"Fatemeh Tavakoli, Angelo Sassaroli, Jodee Frias, Giles Blaney, Sergio Fantini","doi":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.3.035002","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.3.035002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Noninvasive optical assessments of skeletal muscle perfusion and metabolism are crucial for studying muscle physiology. However, measurements can be affected by contributions from overlying adipose and underlying bone tissues.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to investigate the influence of bone tissue on frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) measurements of the human forearm using different data types (intensity and phase), source-detector separations (25 and 37 mm), and acquisition modes (single-distance and dual-slope).</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>FD-NIRS data were collected on the forearms of 14 healthy subjects using a custom optical probe designed to regulate probe-skin contact pressure. Tissue blood flow and oxygen consumption were measured with venous and arterial occlusion protocols, respectively. <i>In vivo</i> findings were compared with diffusion theory simulations for two- and three-layer media. Ultrasound imaging quantified adipose tissue thickness (1.5 to 9.5 mm) and bone depth (14 to 26 mm).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Experimental results for bone depths below 20 mm could not be reproduced by two-layer simulations, whereas they aligned well with three-layer simulations mimicking adipose, muscle, and bone tissues. Adipose tissue and bone contributions depend on data type, measurement mode, and source-detector separation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both adipose and bone tissues may contribute to noninvasive FD-NIRS measurements of skeletal muscle, depending on tissue anatomy and data collection methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":519981,"journal":{"name":"Biophotonics discovery","volume":"2 3","pages":"035002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13052493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vivo</i> fundus imaging and computational refocusing with a diffuser-based fundus camera.","authors":"Corey Simmerer, Marisa Morakis, Lei Tian, Lia Gomez-Perez, T Y Alvin Liu, Nicholas J Durr","doi":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.4.042306","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.4.042306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Access to diagnostic eye care could be expanded with high-throughput and easy-to-use tools. Phase mask-based imaging may improve the fundus camera by enabling computational refocusing with no moving parts, reducing hardware complexity and cost. Although phase mask-based imaging has been demonstrated in a model eye, this approach has not been shown <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>A computational fundus camera was designed, constructed, and evaluated with the goal of determining the feasibility and performance of phase mask-based computational imaging of the <i>in vivo</i> fundus.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>A holographic diffuser was introduced in a modified commercial fundus camera at a plane conjugate to the ocular pupil, resulting in a linear and shift-invariant point spread function that varies with refractive error. The image could be digitally refocused across a range of <math><mrow><mo>≥</mo> <mo>±</mo> <mn>10</mn></mrow> </math> diopters of defocus error. The device was tested for ocular safety, and a human imaging pilot study was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The device captured and digitally refocused color human fundus images. The field of view was <math><mrow><mo>≥</mo> <mn>35</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>deg</mi></mrow> </math> , and resolution was 7.7 to 9.6 line pairs per millimeter.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We present the first <i>in vivo</i> diffuser-based fundus images, demonstrating the feasibility of computational imaging for ocular diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":519981,"journal":{"name":"Biophotonics discovery","volume":"2 4","pages":"042306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin tone corrected pulse oximetry models evaluated through reflective pulsatile Monte Carlo simulations.","authors":"Yan Tung Nicholas Chan, Megh Rathod, Daniel Franklin","doi":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.3.032507","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.3.032507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Skin tone bias in pulse oximetry is frequently reported to lead to overestimation of arterial blood oxygen saturation ( <math> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>SpO</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> ) in individuals with darker skin tones. We introduce clinically applicable, skin tone corrected pulse oximetry models to address this disparity and promote more equitable patient care.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to mitigate skin tone bias in pulse oximetry by integrating a melanin correction factor into the conventional ratio-of-ratios approach. We employ pulsatile Monte Carlo simulation to systematically map the \"ratio of ratios\" ( <math><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow> </math> ) to <math> <mrow><msub><mi>SaO</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> across varying melanin concentrations, thereby enabling comprehensive quantitative assessments of different <math> <mrow><msub><mi>SpO</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> correction models.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>A six-layered skin model is implemented to approximate the microstructure of human skin, allowing diffuse reflectance computations through Monte Carlo methods. Pulsatile effects are captured by modeling diastolic and systolic phrases, facilitating the calculation of <math><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow> </math> values under diverse <math> <mrow><msub><mi>SaO</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> and melanin conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Skin tone induced error is quantified and mitigated by incorporating a melanin correction factor into conventional ratio-of-ratios. The inclusion of a melanin-dependent variable results in a substantial reduction in skin tone bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Monte Carlo simulations offer precise control over both melanin content and <math> <mrow><msub><mi>SpO</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> , conditions that are challenging to replicate <i>in vivo</i>, and enable the development of robust <math> <mrow><msub><mi>SpO</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> correction models. These findings represent a valuable step toward more equitable pulse oximetry practices, ultimately improving patient care across diverse skin tones.</p>","PeriodicalId":519981,"journal":{"name":"Biophotonics discovery","volume":"2 3","pages":"032507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13052488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of skin color and other skin properties on the delivered light dose in phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.","authors":"Alida Johanna Dam-Vervloet, Rachel Foppen, Christian Victor Hulzebos, Nienke Bosschaart","doi":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.3.032508","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.3.032508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Hyperbilirubinemia is a common and potentially harmful condition in newborn infants. Phototherapy is the primary treatment for critically high bilirubin levels. Yet, the impact of patient skin properties and the wavelength of the phototherapy light on the delivered light dose remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We investigate the impact of patient skin properties, i.e., skin color, hemoglobin concentration, bilirubin concentration, light scattering, epidermal thickness, and subdermal tissue layer type as well as phototherapy wavelength on the delivered light dose and efficacy of phototherapy using a Monte Carlo model.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>The model simulates light transport through the skin to predict the delivered dose and its effect on the reduction in total serum bilirubin concentration after 24 h of treatment ( <math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi> <msub><mrow><mi>TSB</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>0</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mn>24</mn> <mi>h</mi></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Skin color, bilirubin concentration, and epidermal thickness significantly influenced the delivered light dose and predicted <math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi> <msub><mrow><mi>TSB</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>0</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mn>24</mn> <mi>h</mi></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> . Light dose varied by a factor of 5.7 between light and dark skin, with respective predicted <math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi> <msub><mrow><mi>TSB</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>0</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mn>24</mn> <mi>h</mi></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> reductions of 40.8% and 25.6%. The optimal wavelength for phototherapy shifts from 460 nm for light skin to 470 nm for dark skin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the need for further research into personalized phototherapy protocols to enhance treatment efficacy, particularly for hyperbilirubinemic newborn infants with darker skin.</p>","PeriodicalId":519981,"journal":{"name":"Biophotonics discovery","volume":"2 3","pages":"032508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13052484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating microbiota and biochemical changes in vaginal fluid toward point-of-care microbial monitoring using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.","authors":"Anna S Rourke-Funderburg, Viannely A Francisco, Dalton J Nelson, Kate L Goncalves, Frederick R Haselton, Emad Elsamadicy, Andrea K Locke","doi":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.4.042102","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.4.042102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Vaginal health is maintained by the vaginal microbiome, and dysbiosis of this community can have lifelong negative consequences for women. Current clinical techniques for detecting bacteria in the vagina rely on subjective visual and microscopic analysis or untimely microbial culturing. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), a biochemical fingerprinting technique, shows potential for filling this gap as it can identify bacterial species and strains.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>In this study, SERS was used to investigate biochemical changes in vaginal fluid when common vaginal bacteria were present and absent. Subsequently, the performance of a portable Raman spectrometer to detect these biochemical changes was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Vaginal fluid was collected from participants attending routine gynecology exams, and SERS spectra were collected using a Raman microscope and a portable spectrometer. Partial least squares, peak intensity, and peak ratio analysis were used to investigate biochemical differences. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed for characterization of <i>Lactobacillus iners</i>, <i>Lactobacillus crispatus</i>, <i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i>, and <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> content.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i> presence was characterized by a significant increase in protein and lipid-related features and a decrease in organic acid peaks. The presence of <i>Lactobacillus iners</i> was represented by increased organic acid peaks and a reduction of protein, amino acid, and polysaccharide-related features. Similar trends with little loss of significance were observed when comparing the performance of a Raman microscope and a portable spectrometer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We highlight the feasibility of SERS for detecting differences in bacterial species presence in vaginal fluid and showcase the potential for clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":519981,"journal":{"name":"Biophotonics discovery","volume":"2 4","pages":"042102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical phenotyping using label-free microscopy and deep learning.","authors":"Shuyuan Guan, Thomas Knapp, Alba Alfonso-Garcia, Suzann Duan, Travis W Sawyer","doi":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.3.035001","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.3.035001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Tissue phenotyping plays a critical role in biomedical research and clinical applications by providing insight into the structural and functional characteristics of tissues that can characterize clinical behavior and identify therapeutic targets. However, conventional phenotyping techniques are destructive, time-intensive, and expensive, posing challenges for both efficiency and widespread use.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to develop an optical phenotyping approach in pancreatic cancer specimens using label-free multiphoton microscopy combined with spatial transcriptomics and deep learning.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We measure and co-register a dataset comprised of spatial transcriptomics, autofluorescence, and second harmonic generation microscopy. We then cluster tissue subregions into meaningful phenotypes using transcriptomic signatures. We evaluate three different classification models to predict phenotype based on label-free imaging data, and we assess generalizability and prediction accuracy.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Our deep-learning classification model achieves over 89% accuracy in classifying six tissue types using label-free microscopy images. The one-versus-rest area under the curve (AUC) values for all classes approach 1, confirming the robustness of our model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We demonstrate the feasibility of optical phenotyping in distinguishing the structural and functional characteristics of pancreatic cancer specimens. Integrating additional gene-expression data or complementary label-free imaging modalities, such as fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, holds the potential to further enhance its accuracy and expand its applications in clinical research and diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":519981,"journal":{"name":"Biophotonics discovery","volume":"2 3","pages":"035001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13052492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of colorectal malignancies enabled by phasor-based autofluorescence lifetime macroimaging and ensemble learning.","authors":"João L Lagarto, Alberto I Herrando, Rafaela Rego, Laura Fernández, José Azevedo, Hugo Domingos, Pedro Vieira, Amjad Parvaiz, Vladislav I Shcheslavskiy, Pedro G Silva, Mireia Castillo-Martin","doi":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.3.032705","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.3.032705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most frequent cancers and a leading contributor to cancer-associated mortality globally. CRCs are often diagnosed at an advanced stage, which leads to high mortality and morbidity. This outcome is exacerbated by high rates of recurrence and postoperative complications that contribute substantially to poor prognosis. Advancements in endoscopic assessment have improved CRC prevention, early detection, and surveillance over the years. Yet, CRC remains one of the most significant health challenges of the 21st century. Label-free optical spectroscopy methods have long been explored as potential partners to endoscopy, not only to enhance diagnostic accuracy but also to confer predictive capabilities to endoscopic evaluations.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We investigated the potential of time-resolved autofluorescence measurements excited at 375 and 445 nm to correctly classify benign and malignant tissues in CRC surgical specimens from 117 patients.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Multiparametric autofluorescence lifetime data were collected in two distinct datasets, which were used for training ( <math><mrow><mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>73</mn></mrow> </math> ) and testing ( <math><mrow><mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>44</mn></mrow> </math> ) a supervised ensemble learning classification model, with standard histopathology assessment serving as ground truth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using 5-fold cross-validation, we achieved <math><mrow><mn>82.6</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.02</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> sensitivity, <math><mrow><mn>90.4</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.01</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> specificity, <math><mrow><mn>87.4</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.01</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> accuracy, and <math><mrow><mn>0.941</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.004</mn></mrow> </math> area under the curve (AUC) for training data. Evaluation of unseen test data yielded similar results, with 85.2% sensitivity, 84.5% specificity, 84.8% accuracy, and 0.915 AUC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although preliminary, our findings underscore the potential impact of AI-assisted autofluorescence lifetime measurements in advancing CRC prevention, early detection, and surveillance efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":519981,"journal":{"name":"Biophotonics discovery","volume":"2 3","pages":"032705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13052482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling point of care optical diagnostics and treatment of oral lesions in resource-limited settings: Preclinical development and evaluation of a low-cost theranostic intraoral device for image-guided photodynamic therapy.","authors":"Shakir Khan, Bofan Song, M Saad Ahsan, Danshyl Boodhoo, Sergio Farias, Jonathan M Trzcinski, Shaobai Li, Lothar Lilge, Brian W Pogue, Rongguang Liang, Tayyaba Hasan, Jonathan Celli","doi":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.4.042305","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.BIOS.2.4.042305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is exceedingly prevalent and deadly in South Asia, especially the Indian subcontinent, affecting 15 out of every 100,000 people and claiming over 70,000 lives annually. This problem is further compounded by inadequate medical infrastructure for screening and cancer care, especially in rural areas.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study evaluates the design and assessment of a theranostic, low-cost, intraoral device to enable simultaneous multichannel optical imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for detection and treatment of early oral cancer.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>The system's performance was assessed using buccal mucosal tissue phantoms containing protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), as well as OSCC phantoms photosensitized with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced PpIX. A murine xenograft model (Swiss nu/nu mice) implanted with TR146 OSCC cells was used to test the device's performance before and after ALA administration, as well as to evaluate photobleaching following light delivery (630nm, 100J/cm²).</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The PpIX fluorescence signal demonstrated a linear correlation up to 50μM PpIX concentration. The degree of photobleaching increased with higher light doses up to 100J/cm² in both the tissue phantoms and the murine xenografts. Tumor volume decreased significantly, with histological analysis showing necrosis extending to a depth of 3.0-3.5 mm after PDT and consistent with monte carlo modeling of light delivery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A compact, handheld and low-cost intraoral device with dental camera form factor is able to carry out simultaneous multichannel white light and fluorescence imaging and image-guided PDT light delivery. The ability to quantify the extent of photobleaching as a dosimetry surrigate points to potential for real-time treatment monitoring with the same hardware.</p>","PeriodicalId":519981,"journal":{"name":"Biophotonics discovery","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}