Crop health最新文献

{"title":"Electrophysiological signatures decode herbivore-specific defense dynamics and elicitor-induced immune activation in rice.","authors":"Xinyang Tan, Han Wang, Jing Li, Shuang Zhang, Surui Zheng, Zhichang Zhao, Bo Zhang, Yanyou Wu, Chunqing Zhao, Shuai Li, Rui Ji","doi":"10.1007/s44297-025-00058-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44297-025-00058-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herbivore infestation triggers complex defense mechanisms in rice, primarily regulated by phytohormones. However, the traditional approach of analyzing plant hormone profiles as an indicator of plant responses to herbivore stress suffers from time-consuming detection, high costs, and destructive sampling of plant tissues. In this study, we propose and validate a novel approach using plant electrophysiological parameters-capacitance, resistance, impedance, and reactance-as a rapid, non-invasive biomarker of rice responses to two major herbivorous pests: the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) and the striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis, SSB). Systematic modelling revealed herbivore-specific temporal electrophysiological response dynamics, reflecting perturbations in water and nutrient transport, dielectric substance movement, and metabolic energy flux in infested rice plants. Based on these dynamics, we developed predictive models for rice yield potential, drought resistance, and metabolic adaptability under biotic stress. In parallel, we analyzed phytohormone levels and found that changes in electrophysiological traits were strongly associated with jasmonic acid and jasmonic acid-isoleucine accumulation, indicating that these electrical signals capture key aspects of the plant's immune status. Beyond detecting herbivore-induced defenses, electrical patterns were also mirrored in transgenic rice overexpressing planthopper-derived elicitors (e.g. Myosin/PDI1), indicating electrophysiological signatures act as defense activation markers, thus enabling high-throughput screening of herbivore elicitors. Together, our results highlight the potential of plant bioelectrical signals as fast, integrative, and scalable indicators of stress responses, with applications in crop protection and elicitor-assisted resistance breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":519973,"journal":{"name":"Crop health","volume":"3 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146133881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth or immunity? OsCBSX3's molecular toggle decides.","authors":"Mengying Pu, Shan Liu, Yanjie Xie, Jian Chen","doi":"10.1007/s44297-025-00057-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44297-025-00057-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519973,"journal":{"name":"Crop health","volume":"3 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146133938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pH signaling pathway Pal/PacC regulates fungal growth, stress responses, and mycotoxin biosynthesis in Fusarium graminearum.","authors":"Yujie Wang, Tong Cao, Dekun Liu, Hanxi Zhao, Yuan Chen, Shuolong Li, Ke Wen, Qurban Ali, Hai Huang, Shuai Zhou, Huijun Wu, Xuewen Gao, Jun Tian, Qin Gu","doi":"10.1007/s44297-025-00054-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44297-025-00054-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Pal/PacC pathway, which regulates genes that adapt to alterations in ambient pH, has been extensively studied in Aspergillus nidulans. Currently, the functions of the Pal/PacC pathway in Fusarium graminearum are poorly understood. In this study, we constructed targeted deletions of Pal/PacC pathway components through homologous recombination, including FgPalA, FgPalB, FgPalC, FgPalF, FgPalH, FgPalI and the pH-responsive transcription factor FgPacC. The phenotypic assay results indicated that the aerial hyphae of the ΔFgPalA, ΔFgPalB, ΔFgPalC, ΔFgPalF, ΔFgPalH and ΔFgPacC mutants of F. graminearum were significantly decreased in the PDA, MM and CM media and exhibited increased sensitivity to various environmental stresses. In addition, the western blot analysis revealed that the key element FgPacC could be cleaved to the functional isoform FgPacC30 after being subjected to alkaline pH or, independently, NaCl-induced osmotic stress. Further studies elucidated the direct interactions between the essential components of this signaling pathway in F. graminearum for the first time and revealed that ambient-pH-dependent proteolytic activation regulates the subcellular localization of FgPacC. More importantly, we revealed that FgPacC30 inhibits the activity of the histone acetyltransferase FgGcn5, thus transcriptionally down-regulating the expression of the FgTRI1 gene and inhibiting DON biosynthesis. Overall, our study suggests that the pH regulatory system plays a critical role in the response to external stress and virulence in F. graminearum, providing a new perspective for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms in phytopathogenic fungi.</p>","PeriodicalId":519973,"journal":{"name":"Crop health","volume":"3 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular plasticity and transcriptional reprogramming in plant-nematode interactions: insights into feeding site formation and plant defense.","authors":"Abdulmujib Gboyega Yusuf, Tesleem Taye Bello","doi":"10.1007/s44297-025-00056-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44297-025-00056-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-parasitic nematodes, especially sedentary endoparasites, threaten global agriculture by inducing cellular plasticity in host plants to form specialized feeding structures. Sedentary nematodes such as root-knot and cyst nematodes establish feeding sites, including giant cells and syncytia, to extract nutrients from the host. Feeding site formation involves complex biological processes, including cell cycle activation, metabolic reprogramming, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and hormonal signaling. This review explores the underlying molecular mechanism driving plant cellular plasticity, focusing on the role of the transcription factors that regulate gene expression during organogenesis, peculiar to giant cells and syncytia, essential for the nematode's sustenance during the sedentary life stage. Key transcription factors, including members of the MYB, WRKY, ARF, ERF, and LBD families, are modulated by nematode effectors during compatible interactions to reprogram plant gene expression to facilitate the development of the nematode feeding site. Despite the roles of transcription factors in establishing feeding sites, they present other roles in regulating plant defense responses, thereby balancing growth reprogramming with the activation of plant immune signaling pathways. The review also highlights the allowance limit of plant physiological processes during cellular reprogramming and defense response, providing insights into how certain plants can resist nematode infection. Furthermore, emerging biotechnological strategies, including molecular breeding and gene editing, are discussed as potential approaches to disrupt nematode-induced reprogramming, highlighting novel avenues for enhancing crop resistance. Understanding the molecular mechanism and physiological dynamics between cellular plasticity and transcriptional regulation in plant-nematode interactions is essential for developing sustainable solutions to mitigate the impact of plant-parasitic nematodes on agricultural production.</p>","PeriodicalId":519973,"journal":{"name":"Crop health","volume":"3 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146133810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wound-induced transcriptional dynamics in rice.","authors":"Yumeng Chen, Gaochen Jin, Jing Lu, Yonggen Lou, Guillermo H Jiménez-Alemán, Ran Li","doi":"10.1007/s44297-025-00055-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44297-025-00055-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herbivore attacks or some pathogen infections typically begin with wounding of plant tissues, yet the transcriptional dynamics of wound-induced responses in the monocot rice remain incompletely understood. Here, we conducted a time-series transcriptome analysis of mechanically wounded rice leaves. Temporal expression patterns were observed even in untreated plants, particularly at dusk. To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we compared wounded and unwounded (control) plants at corresponding time points. Jasmonate-related genes, including 18 biosynthetic and 13 catabolic genes, were significantly up-regulated. Consistently, jasmonic acid (JA) and jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine were rapidly accumulated in wounded tissues within 1 h, followed by JA catabolites after 3 h. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of upregulated DEGs revealed early- and late-responsive gene modules. Early-expressed genes included putative regulators such as transcription factors, kinases, abscisic acid pathway components, and small peptide-coding genes, while late-responsive genes were primarily involved in specialized metabolite biosynthesis (e.g., phenylpropanoids). Targeted metabolomic analysis showed that most phenolamides were highly accumulated in wounded leaves, whereas flavonoid levels were decreased, likely due to altered metabolic flux in the phenylpropanoid pathway. Comparative analysis of leaf folder (LF) larvae- and wound-induced transcriptomes revealed that only 42% of wound-upregulated DEGs responded to LF feeding, suggesting that LF larvae partially suppress wound responses in rice. This study provides a valuable resource for understanding wound-associated biotic stress responses in rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":519973,"journal":{"name":"Crop health","volume":"3 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The FvHOG1 pathway is essential for stress responses, fungicide resistance, fumonisin B1 production and pathogenesis in Fusarium verticillioides.","authors":"Haoxue Xia, Xulin Li, Yaru He, Wende Liu, Guangfei Tang","doi":"10.1007/s44297-025-00052-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44297-025-00052-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The high-osmolarity glycerol (Hog) 1 signaling pathway is a component of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, which govern the responses of organisms to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli and assume a pivotal role in modulating growth, development, and pathogenicity across various organisms. However, the functions of Hog1-MAPK pathway proteins and the underlying mechanisms governing their development and pathogenicity remain largely unclear in Fusarium verticillioides. In this study, we investigated the role of all five Hog1-MAPK pathway genes (FvSln1, FvSho1, FvSsk2, FvPbs2 and FvHog1) in F. verticillioides. Target gene deletion demonstrated that FvSln1 and FvSho1 play a minor role in the response to osmotic stress, but the virulence of ΔFvSho1 in maize is impaired. The FvSsk2, FvPbs2 and FvHog1 mutants all presented a reduction in conidiation. These mutants are not only hypersensitive to osmotic stress but also show increased tolerance to oxidative stress, plasma membrane stress, and cell wall stress. The FvSsk2, FvPbs2 and FvHog1 mutants led to impairments in FB1 biosynthesis and pathogenicity. Interestingly, these mutants also have increased tolerance to fungicides. Overall, the findings of our study suggest that the FvSsk2-FvPbs2-FvHog1 MAPK cascade plays a crucial role in modulating conidiation, FB1 production, plant infection, and responses to hyperosmotic and general stresses in F. verticillioides.</p>","PeriodicalId":519973,"journal":{"name":"Crop health","volume":"3 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146133959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering strigolactone signaling: toward crops that resist parasites without sacrificing symbiosis.","authors":"Zeming Huang, Fan Qi","doi":"10.1007/s44297-025-00053-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44297-025-00053-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519973,"journal":{"name":"Crop health","volume":"3 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146133933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The seed microbiota from an application perspective: an underexplored frontier in plant-microbe interactions.","authors":"Inês Rebelo Romão, Joana do Carmo Gomes, Daniel Silva, Juan Ignacio Vilchez","doi":"10.1007/s44297-025-00051-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44297-025-00051-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seed-associated microbiota represent a critical yet underexplored frontier in plant-microbe interactions, offering unique insights into plant health, resilience, and development. Unlike the soil or rhizosphere microbiome, the seed microbiota is closely tied to plant reproduction, facilitating both vertical and horizontal transmission of microbes. These microbial communities influence key plant processes, including germination, stress tolerance, nutrient acquisition, and pathogen resistance, providing plants with a pre-assembled microbial consortium tailored to their needs. Despite recent advances, significant gaps remain in understanding how seed-associated microbes are acquired, their ecological dynamics, and their functional roles. High-throughput sequencing, metagenomics, and spatial imaging techniques have revealed the diversity and complexity of the seed microbiota, emphasizing their potential for agricultural innovation. This research highlights the importance of these communities in shaping plant resilience and productivity, yet questions about their ecological and evolutionary significance persist. The present review synthesizes current knowledge on the composition, inheritance mechanisms, and functional roles of the seed microbiota. It also explores strategies to harness these microbes for sustainable agriculture, including microbiome engineering and breeding for microbial compatibility. By addressing these gaps, seed microbiota research could revolutionize sustainable agriculture, enhancing crop resilience and reducing reliance on chemical inputs.</p>","PeriodicalId":519973,"journal":{"name":"Crop health","volume":"3 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) leaf extract in protecting against cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) infestation.","authors":"Mst Samia Sultana, Naoto Shimizu, Takanori Itoh, Kazunori Iwabuchi","doi":"10.1007/s44297-025-00050-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44297-025-00050-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) crops are frequently attacked by cabbage looper larvae (Trichoplusia ni), which severely reduce cabbage production. This experiment was conducted in the late spring crop season from April 15, 2024, to August 20, 2024, at the Field Science Center for the Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Japan. In this study, the efficacy of an ethanolic extract of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.) leaves was compared with those of the chemical insecticide permethrin 3.2 EC and aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; the control). The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design in which each treatment comprised three replications consisting of 24 plants in total. Compared with the control, the bottle gourd leaf extract had high biopesticide activity against cabbage looper, increasing the cabbage yield by 15.98%. The yield was almost equal to that achieved with Permethrin 3.2 EC. Compared with the control, the application of the extract significantly decreased looper larval infestation in field-grown cabbage by 41.18%, 39.71%, 52.08%, and 37.96% at the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth weeks, respectively. Five possible biopesticide compounds, namely, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, indole-3-butyric acid, strychnine, phytol and hexadecanoic acid, were identified in the ethanolic extracts of bottle gourd leaves by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Bottle gourd leaf extract has potential as an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to toxic chemical pesticides for controlling cabbage looper infestation.</p>","PeriodicalId":519973,"journal":{"name":"Crop health","volume":"3 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146133909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial vector-borne plant diseases: global issues caused by three-way interactions.","authors":"Yixuan Huang, Jianan Hao, Xiaotian Tang","doi":"10.1007/s44297-025-00049-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44297-025-00049-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant vascular tissues offer a unique habitat for piercing-sucking insects and the pathogens they carry. These insect-borne bacteria can infect thousands of plant species, threatening agriculture and food security. However, our understanding of their interactions with insect vectors and plant hosts is limited compared with that of the virus-vector-plant system, hindering the development of eco-friendly disease control methods. This review highlights recent findings on interactions between insects, plants, and key bacterial pathogens, including Xylella fastidiosa, Spiroplasmas, Phytoplasmas, and Liberibacters. We also discuss current management strategies and future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":519973,"journal":{"name":"Crop health","volume":"3 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146133786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}