bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology最新文献

{"title":"MetworkPy: A Python Package for Graph- and Information-theoretic Investigation of Metabolic Networks.","authors":"Braden T Griebel, Shuyi Ma","doi":"10.64898/2026.05.26.727944","DOIUrl":"10.64898/2026.05.26.727944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolism plays an important role in physiology and disease. <i>In silico</i> Genome-Scale Metabolic Models (GSMMs) are useful for informing analysis of metabolism and contextualizing high-throughput molecular profiling data. Flux balance analysis (FBA) based approaches can use GSMMs to predict metabolic reaction flux states and condition-specific alterations, but most FBA methods are limited by: 1) needing metabolic objective functions that are difficult to define experimentally, and 2) confining comparisons to extrema of reaction flux distributions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We introduce MetworkPy, a Python package that implements a flexible toolbox for objective-free graph- and information-theoretic analyses of GSMMs and flux distributions. MetworkPy includes methods to construct graph representations of GSMMs, to deconstruct GSMMs into topologically-aware gene sets that inform downstream bioinformatic analyses, and to assess shifts in flux distributions for groups of reactions. To demonstrate utility, we used MetworkPy to identify metabolic features perturbed by the transcription factor ArgR, a known regulator of arginine biosynthesis in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. MetworkPy successfully linked reaction flux shifts in ArgR's transcriptome-constrained GSMM to arginine biosynthesis, which cannot be easily ascertained by FBA-based approaches.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MetworkPy is a customization-friendly toolkit for topological- and flux sampling based- analyses of GSMMs. MetworkPy's tools provide multiple complementary metabolic contextualization approaches for microbial or eukaryotic genes of interest, and MetworkPy's architecture facilitates user-designed workflows.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13692015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149280034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief Trains of Closed-loop TMS Induce Controllable Power in FM-theta Oscillations.","authors":"Brian Erickson, Brian Kim, Alan Degenhart, Matti Stenroos, Ryan Rich, John Medaglia","doi":"10.64898/2026.10.03.756435","DOIUrl":"10.64898/2026.10.03.756435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Frontal-midline theta (FM-theta; 4-8 Hz) oscillations are thought to support cognition. Brief trains of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can probe these oscillations with high temporal precision but have rarely changed theta power. One possible reason is that prior studies ignored the instantaneous phase of the oscillation, which strongly shapes the cortical response to TMS. We tested whether brief TMS trains triggered at specific FM-theta phases in real time directionally modulate post-train FM-theta power.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Six healthy adults received TMS over dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (Fz) with concurrent electroencephalography during a whole-report working memory task. A beamformer and real-time phase-estimation pipeline triggered four-pulse 6 Hz trains (110% of resting motor threshold) at FM-theta peaks (0°) or troughs (180°), randomized trial by trial. Post-train spectral power was decomposed into total, induced (non-phase-locked) and evoked (phase-locked) components.</p><p><strong>Main results: </strong>Trough-triggered trains transiently increased post-train FM-theta power relative to peak-triggered trains; task performance did not differ. Cluster-based permutation tests showed trough-peak differences in total (4.6-7.1 Hz) and induced (5.0-7.8 Hz) power ~50-440 ms after the train, suggesting amplification of the oscillation. No evoked effect was detected. The total-power effect was robust at the subject level (Cohen's dz = 1.32, p = 0.023). Within-train theta power did not differ between conditions, suggesting a cortical origin.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first study to lock brief rhythmic TMS trains to the real-time phase of an ongoing oscillation, and to show phase-dependent modulation of FM-theta power after individual trains on timescales relevant to behavior. Open-loop brief-train protocols may have missed such effects by mixing facilitatory and suppressive phases. Phase-locked brief trains offer a precise tool for testing the causal role of oscillations in cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13692028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149279657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ATP1A3 dysfunction alters excitability and developmental trajectory of human neurons in alternating hemiplegia of childhood.","authors":"Christopher H Thompson, Christine Q Simmons, Syed M A Wafa, Alfred L George","doi":"10.64898/2026.10.09.757992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.09.757992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pathogenic variants in <i>ATP1A3</i> , encoding the neuronal Na/K-ATPase, are associated with a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders including alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC). <i>ATP1A3</i> is expressed throughout the cortex during early development, and later becomes enriched in GABAergic neurons. Here, we interrogated the underlying mechanisms and neurophysiological consequences of a recurrent AHC-associated variant ( <i>ATP1A3</i> -G947R) in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derived glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. We found that glutamatergic and GABAergic AHC neurons exhibited smaller ouabain-sensitive pump currents compared to isogenic mutation-corrected control neurons. This impairment of pump function correlated with a depolarized potassium reversal potential, lower intracellular potassium concentration, and depolarized resting membrane potential for both cell types compared to isogenic control neurons. Additionally, using a Na ⁺ sensitive dye, we observed that AHC neurons had a higher basal intracellular Na ⁺ concentration that recovered more slowly following Na ⁺ loading compared to isogenic control neurons. As an additional consequence of impaired pump function and abnormal Na ⁺ dynamics, glutamatergic and GABAergic AHC neurons were more prone to depolarization block. Finally, the time course by which GABA neurotransmission switches from excitatory to inhibitory was delayed in glutamatergic AHC neurons compared to isogenic controls. Our findings provide evidence that impairment of ATP1A3 function has direct effects on ionic homeostasis, leading to cascading effects on intrinsic neuronal firing and maturation of GABAergic neurotransmission that advance understanding of the pathophysiology of AHC.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13692238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149279684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BCKDK Inhibitors Directly Antagonize Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor and Induce Vasodilation Independently of BCAA Catabolism or BCKDK.","authors":"Ryo Kawakami, Yann Deleye, Esra Akkaya, Uyen Pham, Jae Woo Jung, Ling Lai, Anand Chundi, Srikrishna Darbha, Danielle Murashige, Ryan B Gaspar, Wentao He, Guo-Fang Zhang, Alem W Kahsai, Sudarshan Rajagopal, Phillip J White, Zoltan Arany, Robert W McGarrah","doi":"10.64898/2026.10.06.757051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.757051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have been implicated in diabetes and heart failure, leading to ongoing clinical trials with inhibitors of BCKDK, a key regulator of BCAA catabolism. We have previously shown that these inhibitors promote vasodilation and lower blood pressure, well-known cardioprotective effects, but how this occurs remained unclear. We show here, using explanted vessels, in vivo hemodynamics and telemetry, and genetically modified mice, that the vasodilatory effect of BCKDK inhibitors is direct, rapid, independent of nitric oxide, independent of BCAA catabolism, and most strikingly, independent of BCKDK itself. Instead, we demonstrate, using structural and biochemical studies, that BCKDK inhibitors directly antagonize the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) and consequent angiotensin-mediated vasoconstriction. These data demonstrate a strong off-target effect of BCKDK inhibitors, independent of BCAA or BCKDK, which may explain their cardioprotective effects but also questions if this protection would be additive to existing AT1R blockers.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13692194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149279693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention warps visual-semantic representations across the human cerebellum.","authors":"Amanda LeBel, Matteo Visconti di Oleggio Castello, Jack L Gallant, Richard B Ivry","doi":"10.64898/2026.10.08.757640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.08.757640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans effortlessly shift their attention between objects and events in the environment. These attentional shifts modulate the representation of information in many regions of the cerebral cortex, including those that represent visual-semantic information. Based on recent evidence that the cerebellum also represents semantic information, we hypothesized that attention would also shift semantic representations in the cerebellum. To test this hypothesis, we used fMRI to measure brain activity while participants watched naturalistic movie clips and were instructed to attend to either people or vehicles. We used a voxelwise encoding model framework to recover visual-semantic representations in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum under the two conditions, and quantified the direction and magnitude of visual-semantic tuning shifts between conditions. Attention to different semantic categories had a large effect on visual-semantic tuning in the cerebellum. Representations in some regions shifted toward the attended category, and representations in other regions shifted away from the attended category. Within cerebellar regions that best represent visual-semantic information, the tuning shifts were most pronounced in Crus I and II and in lobule VI. Further, the magnitude of attentional tuning shifts was greater in the cerebellum than in the cerebral cortex, particularly for tuning shifts towards the attended category. These differences suggest that attentional modulation in the cerebellum is different than in the cerebral cortex and may not solely be driven by cerebral inputs.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13692202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149279711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemispheric Complementarity is Associated with Distinct Functional and Structural Brain Profiles.","authors":"Loïc Labache, Ahmad Beyh, Rachel Cooper, Linden Parkes, Avram J Holmes","doi":"10.64898/2026.10.09.758042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.09.758042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemispheric specialization is thought to follow a principle of complementarity, with homotopic functions such as language and attention lateralizing to opposite hemispheres, yet its consistency across individuals and relevance for cognition remain unclear. Using multimodal neuroimaging and twin-family data from 987 Human Connectome Project participants, we identified three sustained attentional lateralization phenotypes (right, left, bilateral) that were independent of handedness, differed by sex, and tracked broad shifts in brain organization, with bilateral individuals showing stronger intrahemispheric and homotopic connectivity. Examining attention and language revealed three multidomain profiles (crowded, mixed, split) reflecting whether functions colocalize within or are distributed across hemispheres. Mixed organization was linked to higher planum polare myelination, whereas crowded organization showed higher fiber density connectivity across dorsal attention-default network. Both phenotypes were heritable, yet neither predicted cognitive performance. These findings reveal a brain organization in which specialization emerges from flexible, heritable patterns linking function, structural connectivity, and myeloarchitecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13692200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149279938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tonotopic mapping in children shows an overrepresentation of high frequencies in autism.","authors":"Bosi Chen, Alexandra Boxberger, Judy Mahmalji, Tess Do, Meagan Herrera, Sabrena Tuy, Giovanna Arantes De Oliveira Campos, Martin I Sereno, Inna Fishman, Annika C Linke","doi":"10.64898/2026.10.06.757151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.757151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Altered sensitivity to sounds despite normal peripheral hearing is common in neurodevelopmental disorders but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we investigate tonotopic organization in 86 children (6-11 years) with autism spectrum and related neurodevelopmental disorders as well as typically developing (TD) peers, using a child-friendly, passive listening, functional magnetic resonance imaging design. In TD children, tonotopic maps in primary auditory cortex resembled the typical high-low-high frequency gradients previously reported in adults, while children with autism showed an overrepresentation of high frequencies consistent with what has been observed in animal models of autism. Higher frequency tuning further correlated with greater caregiver-reported sound but not touch sensitivities. Importantly, tonotopy is a core organizational feature of auditory cortex that develops early in life and remains relatively stable after the critical period of heightened plasticity ends. Thus, these results suggest that atypical auditory processing in autism may result from early disruption to tonotopic map formation. Longitudinal neuroimaging studies are needed to understand the genetic and environmental causes of altered auditory cortex topology and its long-term consequences for higher-level auditory, language, and social communication development.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13692205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149280147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust V(D)J Recombination in the Absence of SA1/2-mediated Chromatin Loops.","authors":"Zhuo Yang, Yu Fu, Mariia Mikhova, David Chen, Camille Hebert, Adam Yongxin Ye, Xin Lin, Taimor Williams, Hongli Hu, Zhaoqing Ba, Job Dekker, Frederick W Alt","doi":"10.64898/2026.10.10.757971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.10.757971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cohesin ring complex organizes and mediates functional activity of the genome through chromatin loop extrusion ^1,2 . Cohesin comprises a core SMC1-SMC3-RAD21 ring associated with multiple regulatory proteins, including SA1 and SA2 paralogs that bind mutually-exclusively to a RAD21 site ^3,4 . Functional studies of cohesin complexes <i>in vivo</i> often employ inactivation of particular components ^2,3 . However, inactivation of SA1 or SA2 in mice is limited by mouse embryonic lethality ^5-7 and, for dual SA1/2-inactivation by cycling cell lethality ^8-10 . For these reasons, it remains unknown whether the requirement for SA1/2 in loop extrusion <i>in vitro</i> ^11,12 applies <i>in vivo</i> ^1,2 , and whether these factors have overlapping or distinct functions in regulating this process ³ . Here, we employ G0/G1-arrested <i>v-Abl</i> pro-B lines, which are viable in the absence of cohesin-complex factors ^13,14 , to dissect SA1 and SA2 functions in V(D)J recombination, a strictly G0/G1-specific process that harnesses loop extrusion to effect distinct <i>Igh</i> and <i>Igκ</i> locus recombination mechanisms ^15,16 . Robust long-range <i>Igh</i> or <i>Igκ</i> V(D)J recombination continued unabated in the absence of SA1 or SA2. However, inactivation of both abrogated most positioned chromatin loops genome-wide and also abolished long-range <i>Igh</i> V(D)J recombination with a phenotype similar to RAD21 (cohesin) inactivation ¹³ . Yet, robust <i>Igκ</i> V(D)J recombination continued upon dual SA1/2-inactivation, which along with Hi-C findings, demonstrates ongoing loop-extrusion in the absence of SA1/2. Correspondingly, replacement of weak <i>Igh</i> V(D)J recombination signal sequences (RSSs) that target V(D)J recombination activity, with strong <i>Igκ</i> counterparts ¹⁵ restored long-range <i>Igh</i> V(D)J recombination in SA1/2 inactivated cells. We conclude that SA1/2 together maintain loop extrusion impediments and genome-wide architecture in G0/G1-arrested cells; and, in their absence, loop extrusion proceeds unimpeded. Remarkably, strong RSSs allow <i>Igκ</i> to function normally in the absence of internal positioned loop structure across the 3.1-mega-base Vκ locus. We discuss implications of our findings for long-range gene regulation in G0/G1-arrested cells more broadly.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13692300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149280122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A representation of the visual environment in the human basolateral amygdala supports learning and choice.","authors":"Grace Jang, Kierstin Riels, Elias Aberman, Grace Tao, Philip A Kragel","doi":"10.64898/2026.10.07.757347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.07.757347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animals continuously transform sensory inputs into representations that guide behavior. Although the amygdala is a brain structure critical for learning and choice, how natural sensory experience is represented within this circuit remains unknown. Here, we identify a representation of the visual environment in the human basolateral amygdala (BLA) that contains information relevant for learning and choice. Using image-computable encoding models trained on responses to naturalistic videos, we recover a continuous, low-dimensional representation of visual experience in the BLA. The representation generalizes across individuals and independent datasets and prospectively predicts BLA responses to novel visual stimuli generated through closed-loop image synthesis. Signals derived from the representation also informed reinforcement-learning models of human choice. Together, these findings show that the human BLA organizes complex visual experience into a structured representation that can support learning and flexible behavioral responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13692177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149279737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primate Gaze Behavior Reflects Change of Mind in a Naturalistic Navigation Task.","authors":"Woochul Choi, Panos Alefantis, Georgios Andreadakis, Dora E Angelaki","doi":"10.64898/2026.10.10.756925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.10.756925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Revising a decision while acting on it is a fundamental aspect of natural behavior, yet the underlying computations are difficult to track in real time. To explore how such belief updates unfold, we tested whether eye movements reveal a subject's change of mind during a naturalistic navigation task with a binary target choice. Humans and monkeys were required to navigate to one of two goal locations presented either simultaneously or sequentially in a virtual environment where explicit position cues were absent. Our findings reveal that gaze continuously tracks the latent variable, including changes of mind. We found that the target tracking accuracy before the second target is even presented during sequential target trials predicts whether the subject's navigational goal persists (first target choice) or changes (second target choice). These results underscore the importance of gaze in action planning and changes of mind, supporting the hypothesis that eye movements embody not only the current latent variable but also its uncertainty.</p><p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>Humans and monkeys virtually navigated to one of two sequentially presented goals.Humans and monkeys prefer a cost-efficient goal, but the introduction of a new goal may sway their initial decisions.Eye movements predict change of decision by tracking the chosen goal location.Eye movements convey latent information for future navigation planning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1. Primates virtually navigate and select one of two sequentially presented goals.2. Sequential goals prompt humans and monkeys to alter their initial decision, reflecting a tradeoff between memory uncertainty and action cost.3. Eye movements predict change of decision by tracking the invisible target location.4. Eye movements convey task-related latent variables for navigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":519960,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13692222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149279990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}