Makara Journal of Health Research最新文献_第10页

The role of parents in providing sexuality education to their children 父母为子女提供性教育的角色

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Makara Journal of Health Research Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.7454/msk.v24i3.1235

Nurhidayah Abdullah, S. Muda, Norhasmah Mohd Zain, Siti Suhaila Abdul Hamid

{"title":"The role of parents in providing sexuality education to their children","authors":"Nurhidayah Abdullah, S. Muda, Norhasmah Mohd Zain, Siti Suhaila Abdul Hamid","doi":"10.7454/msk.v24i3.1235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v24i3.1235","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Parents have an important role in delivering sexuality education to their children. However, Asian parents are reluctant to discuss sexual matters with their children owing to the sensitivity of the topic and their lack of sexual health knowledge. This study aimed to examine Malaysian parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices in providing sexuality education to their children. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was used to conduct this cross-sectional study featuring 200 Malaysian parents. Descriptive and univariate analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Study (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: Among the majority (79.5%) of the parents having good knowledge, 82% agreed that sexuality information helps their children recognize and avoid sexual abuse. Most (91%) of them perceived that they have good practices in providing sexuality education to their children. There is no association between the parents’ gender and their knowledge of sexuality education. However, there are no links between age groups, educational level, and the parents’ knowledge of sexuality education. Conclusion: Malaysian parents believe that sexuality education should be provided by the parents to their children at an early age. Hence, a comprehensive sexuality education program for parents consisting of sufficient information, motivation, and strategies, is needed to develop children’s sexual literacy.","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74273132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Perceived need and utilization of dental health care services in Indonesia: A secondary analysis using the national socioeconomic data 印度尼西亚牙科保健服务的感知需求和利用:使用国家社会经济数据的二次分析

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Makara Journal of Health Research Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.7454/msk.v24i2.1218

N. A. Malik, R. Rosalien, Nadine Khalissya, I. A. Badruddin, D. Maharani

{"title":"Perceived need and utilization of dental health care services in Indonesia: A secondary analysis using the national socioeconomic data","authors":"N. A. Malik, R. Rosalien, Nadine Khalissya, I. A. Badruddin, D. Maharani","doi":"10.7454/msk.v24i2.1218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v24i2.1218","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Perceived needs and utilization of oral health services are important to ensure improvements in oral health outcomes and to allocate resources for the continuous provision of the services. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing the perceived needs and utilization of oral health services in Indonesia. Methods: Secondary data from the 2013 Indonesian National Socioeconomic Survey (N = 260,925) was used. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were employed to describe the relationship between perceived needs and utilization of oral health services. Results: The proportions of Indonesians who had a perceived need for oral health services and utilized the services in 2013 were 1.64% and 2.30%, respectively. A higher probability of perceived need and utilization of dental health care services was observed in the respondents who were <15 years old, females, unmarried, and living in rural areas and in those who had a higher level of education and health insurance. Conclusion: The proportions of individuals who presented with perceived needs and utilization of dental health care services were low and were associated with age, gender, marital status, geographic location, level of education, and insurance status. Appropriate strategies and policies are warranted to improve oral health in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80345285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

A high glucose concentration is well tolerated by colorectal adenocarcinoma and melanoma cells but toxic to normal human gingival fibroblast: Results of an in vitro investigation 高葡萄糖浓度对结直肠癌和黑色素瘤细胞耐受良好，但对正常人类牙龈成纤维细胞有毒:体外研究结果

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Makara Journal of Health Research Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.7454/msk.v24i1.1179

Muhammad Alif Mazlan, A. M. Yusof, M. Isa

{"title":"A high glucose concentration is well tolerated by colorectal adenocarcinoma and melanoma cells but toxic to normal human gingival fibroblast: Results of an in vitro investigation","authors":"Muhammad Alif Mazlan, A. M. Yusof, M. Isa","doi":"10.7454/msk.v24i1.1179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v24i1.1179","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Glucose is associated with weight gain, which increases the risk of cancer. There is insufficient information on the effects of high glucose concentrations on cell lines. This study evaluated the viability patterns of human cancer and normal cell lines treated with glucose. Methods: Human gingival fibroblast (hGF), colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29), and skin malignant melanoma (A375) cell lines were cultured and treated with additional glucose in three respective concentrations: 1 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, and 10 mg/ml. Then, cell viability was measured using an MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)-assay. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Results: The hGF cells’ percentage pattern of viability showed a rapid decline of nearly 95% on the third day of treatment. Both HT29 and A375 were able to survive in the high glucose condition when the cell viability percentage was above 100% on Day 5. The data exhibited significance; the p-value was less than 0.001. Conclusion: The high glucose concentration can be toxic to hGF. In addition, HT29 and A375 might be adaptive to the hyperglycaemic condition.","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79660274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Serum immune profiling of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome 多囊卵巢综合征患者血清免疫谱分析

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Makara Journal of Health Research Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.7454/msk.v24i2.1165

Hifsa Mobeen, M. Kashif, A. Nadeem, F. Shahzad, Romeeza Tahir, Afia Abbas, N. Afzal

{"title":"Serum immune profiling of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome","authors":"Hifsa Mobeen, M. Kashif, A. Nadeem, F. Shahzad, Romeeza Tahir, Afia Abbas, N. Afzal","doi":"10.7454/msk.v24i2.1165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v24i2.1165","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most prevalent hormonal disorder in females, is characterized by low levels of progesterone, which causes increased estrogen levels leading to production of various anti and autoantibodies. This study aimed to estimate and compare levels of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG), and anti-islet cell antibodies (anti-ICAb) in patients with PCOS and healthy controls. Methods: The present comparative study included 82 subjects divided into two groups with 41 individuals in each group. Group I included healthy subjects, while Group II included patients diagnosed with PCOS. Blood samples were collected to determine serum levels of ANA, anti-TPO, anti-TG, and anti-ICAb using commercially available ELISA kits. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 20.0. Results: Two (4.8%) subjects in Group II had ANA, but none of the other healthy individuals had these auto-antibodies. Levels of anti-TPO were higher in Group II (6.01 IU/ml) than in Group I (5.98 IU/ml). Levels of anti-TG and anti-ICAb were higher in Group I (19.86 and 32.49 IU/ml, respectively) than in Group II (19.78 and 26.07 IU/ml, respectively). Conclusion: Levels of ANA and anti-TPO were higher in patients with PCOS than in controls. By contrast, levels of anti-TG and anti-ICAb were higher in controls than in patients with PCOS.","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90721763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trace elements in maternal serum and their relationships with preterm birth and fetal growth restriction 母体血清微量元素及其与早产和胎儿生长受限的关系

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Makara Journal of Health Research Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.7454/msk.v24i1.1154

R. Irwinda, Ali A Sungkar, Raymond Surya, V. Guinto

{"title":"Trace elements in maternal serum and their relationships with preterm birth and fetal growth restriction","authors":"R. Irwinda, Ali A Sungkar, Raymond Surya, V. Guinto","doi":"10.7454/msk.v24i1.1154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v24i1.1154","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preterm birth (PTB) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) contribute to high hospital costs. An imbalance in the concentration of the four trace elements (i.e., copper, zinc, iron, and calcium) was shown to be associated with complications during pregnancy. This study aimed to analyze the role of these trace elements in the occurrence of PTB and FGR. Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Ovid. The articles were filtered based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and further screening was based on the association of articles with the clinical question. The risk of bias in each of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias table. Forrest plots were created and analyzed using Review Manager 5.3e. Results: Three studies were included in the risk of bias assessment and meta-analysis. Maternal serum levels of copper and iron were lower in the FGR group (p < 0.05), while copper, zinc, iron, and calcium were lower in the PTB group (p < 0.05). The included studies had a low degree of homogeneity (I2 < 50%). Conclusion: Maternal iron deficiency was associated with FGR, while low levels of the trace elements copper, zinc, iron, and calcium were associated with PTB.","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74487199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Caregiver burden from caring for dependent elderly in Yangon, The Republic of the Union of Myanmar 缅甸联邦共和国仰光的照顾者照顾受抚养老人的负担

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Makara Journal of Health Research Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.7454/msk.v24i1.1067

May Zun Naing, Sein Yaw May, M. Aung

{"title":"Caregiver burden from caring for dependent elderly in Yangon, The Republic of the Union of Myanmar","authors":"May Zun Naing, Sein Yaw May, M. Aung","doi":"10.7454/msk.v24i1.1067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v24i1.1067","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Elderly population and well-being of those are emerging as major challenges for families and communities. This study aimed to identify caregiving burden among caregivers who care for dependent elderly. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Tharkayta Township, Yangon, Myanmar. Total 200 caregivers were selected applying multi-stage sampling method and structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Dependent score of elderly was assessed by using Barthel Index of activities of daily living (ADL) and assessment of caregiver burden through Zarit Burden Interview. Results: The results showed that over one fifth of caregivers 21.5% had experienced severe burden, 39.5% had experienced moderate burden, 32.5% had experienced mild burden and only 6.5% had experienced no/little burden. Among elderly population, 11.5% were fully dependent, 40.0% were highly dependent, 46.0% were semi dependent, and only 2.5% were almost independent. Burden of caregivers and dependent score of elderly were negatively correlated (ß = ̶ 0.247, p = 0.000) and statistically significant association between age group and burden level (X = 17.335, p = 0.008). Conclusion: This study highlighted that community health nurses should emphasize on health education activities regarding caregivers training and home visit program for elderly and their caregivers.","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87807998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

CD34+ UCB stem cells attenuate TGF-β signaling and inhibit liver fibrosis: A new avenue for liver cirrhosis-carcinogenesis prevention CD34+ UCB干细胞减弱TGF-β信号和抑制肝纤维化:肝硬化-致癌预防的新途径

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Makara Journal of Health Research Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.7454/msk.v24i2.1200

Wahyunia Likhayati Septiana, R. Antarianto, M. Louisa, A. A. Jusuf, Atikah C Barasila, J. Pawitan, Iqbal Fasha

{"title":"CD34+ UCB stem cells attenuate TGF-β signaling and inhibit liver fibrosis: A new avenue for liver cirrhosis-carcinogenesis prevention","authors":"Wahyunia Likhayati Septiana, R. Antarianto, M. Louisa, A. A. Jusuf, Atikah C Barasila, J. Pawitan, Iqbal Fasha","doi":"10.7454/msk.v24i2.1200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v24i2.1200","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The liver microenvironment plays a key role in liver fibrosis and carcinogenesis. This study aimed to fill the gap in knowledge on the interaction between hepatic stellate cells and endothelial progenitor cells with biomarkers of liver fibrosis and/or carcinogenesis, including Col1A1, TGF-β, and tenascin-C. Methods: CD34 stem cells were isolated from umbilical-cord-blood mononuclear cells. 2D and 3D co-culture of CD34 UCB SCs and LX2 was performed. The cells were incubated in a CO2 incubator for three days. Morphological observation, qRT-PCR of TGFβ1 and COL1A1, and immunocytochemistry of tenascin-C were performed. Results: CD34 UCB SCs were viable in the 2D and 3D co-culture for 24 h. 3D co-culture of CD34 UCB SCs and LX2 inhibited in vitro liver fibrosis by lowering Col 1A1 expression as compared to control. We observed lower TGF-β expression in 3D co-culture on days 1 and 2 followed by higher expression of TGF-β on day 3. 2D co-culture of CD34 UCB SCs and LX2 showed a different level of COL1A1 and TGFβ expression compared with 3D co-culture. Spheroids from 2D co-culture of CD34 UCB SCs and LX-2 showed immunoreactivity against tenascin-C. Conclusion: Interaction between LX-2 and CD34 UCB SCs in 3D co-culture inhibits in vitro liver fibrosis. The viability of CD34 UCB SCs is essential for attenuation of TGF-β signaling in LX-2.","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90688617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of the Kuantan community on the effects of monosaccharides on cancer 关丹社区对单糖抗癌作用的知识、态度和实践评估

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Makara Journal of Health Research Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.7454/msk.v24i3.1236

Muhammad Alif Mazlan, M. K. Hasan, A. M. Yusof, M. Isa

{"title":"An assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of the Kuantan community on the effects of monosaccharides on cancer","authors":"Muhammad Alif Mazlan, M. K. Hasan, A. M. Yusof, M. Isa","doi":"10.7454/msk.v24i3.1236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v24i3.1236","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) levels of communities are essential to be assessed to enhance cancer educational programs. This study aimed to determine the KAP level of the Kuantan community on the effects of monosaccharides on cancer. The association between the sociodemographic data and KAP level of the community has also been evaluated. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed among residents living in the Kuantan community. Only 303 of 380 responses were included in the data analysis using the chi-square test. Results: The knowledge and practice levels were moderate, whereas the attitude was at a positive level. Moreover, the association of sociodemographic factors (sex and education level) showed significant difference with the knowledge level (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, only the age factor showed significant difference toward the practice level of the Kuantan community, with p < 0.05. Conclusion: In conclusion, although the attitude score is positive, educational programs still need to be conducted as the knowledge and practice levels of the community have moderate scores.","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77737281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-assessment tool for evaluating periodontal conditions 评估牙周状况的自我评估工具

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Makara Journal of Health Research Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.7454/msk.v24i3.1232

Haslina Rani, T. Mohd-Dom, S. Mohd-Said, Nurrul Johari

{"title":"Self-assessment tool for evaluating periodontal conditions","authors":"Haslina Rani, T. Mohd-Dom, S. Mohd-Said, Nurrul Johari","doi":"10.7454/msk.v24i3.1232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v24i3.1232","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The global prevalence of periodontal disease is steadily rising. Early detection through the active screening of potential patients is important because periodontal disease leads to high disease, clinical, and economic burdens. The aim of this study is to develop a simple periodontal assessment tool for the Malay-speaking population; this tool is referred to in this work as MyGusi. Methods: Translation and back-translation of a self-assessment tool containing 10 items related to periodontal health conditions and risk behaviors were conducted by three bilingual translators. Nine periodontists were selected to determine the content validity of the tool. After pre-testing for face validity, MyGusi was distributed to patients attending dental clinics in a public university in Kuala Lumpur. The Basic Periodontal Examination (BPE) of each patient was obtained from their dental records. Results: The scale-content validity index of MyGusi was 0.92, which indicates good validity. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess the internal consistency of the tool, and the value obtained (0.72) indicated acceptable reliability. The mean total MyGusi and BPE scores were positively correlated at 0.488 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: MyGusi has good content validity and is positively correlated with BPE, an established periodontal screening tool.","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84567987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Indonesian health professions students’ perceptions toward an interprofessional education program: Findings after five years of implementation 印度尼西亚卫生专业学生对跨专业教育计划的看法:实施五年后的结果

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Makara Journal of Health Research Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.7454/msk.v24i2.1207

Santi Purna Sari, D. Soemantri, D. Ayubi, E. Martha, Hanny Handiyani, Ardi Findyartini

{"title":"Indonesian health professions students’ perceptions toward an interprofessional education program: Findings after five years of implementation","authors":"Santi Purna Sari, D. Soemantri, D. Ayubi, E. Martha, Hanny Handiyani, Ardi Findyartini","doi":"10.7454/msk.v24i2.1207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v24i2.1207","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Interprofessional Education (IPE) program is important for preparing health professions students to provide future interprofessional collaborative practice. The Universitas Indonesia Health Sciences Cluster has been implementing the IPE program since 2013. A comprehensive evaluation is required following the implementation of the IPE program. The aim of the study was to evaluate the IPE course based on perceptions of undergraduate students at the Universitas Indonesia from 2013 to 2017. Methods: A mixed-methods study utilizing a semi-structured questionnaire was conducted with first year students following the completion of the first stage of the IPE course. A total of 2355 students (56.35%) from the 2013–2017 academic years completed the questionnaire. Results: The results showed that students’ perceptions of the IPE course improved each year on the domains of clear and relevant learning objectives, studentcentered teaching methods, staff support, and supporting infrastructures. However, some room for improvement was identified, such as the need for tutors to have a more neutral attitude toward every student despite their background differences. Conclusion: The IPE course has been well perceived by students because of its comprehensive instructional design and principles of IPE that are implemented in the curriculum. The continuous cycles of improvement to maintain the quality of the IPE program will remain a challenge.","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88985932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3