Ecological and evolutionary physiology最新文献

{"title":"The Influence of Environmental Conditions and Coinfection by Blood-feeding Parasites on Red Blood Cell Physiology of an Ectothermic Host.","authors":"Katherine L. Slack, J. Groffen, William A. Hopkins","doi":"10.1086/732113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/732113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":"139 10‐12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Environment Alters the Duration of Rapid Yolk Deposition in Eggs of Domestic Hens.","authors":"Carsen R Dean, Gabriela Siqueira Martins, Kristen J Navara","doi":"10.1086/732020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/732020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AbstractThe social environment can drive female birds to alter their investment in reproduction in the form of greater incubation behavior, more parental care, and greater allocation of physiological mediators to yolks. However, less is known about how social variables impact the speed at which females grow ovarian follicles in preparation for ovulation. We hypothesized that the social environment would influence how long ovarian follicles remain in rapid yolk deposition before reaching the size necessary for ovulation. For 8 d, we tested the effects of three types of social interactions: no social engagement (control), engagement with the same four females (social group 1), or engagement with the same four females plus six randomly selected roosters (social group 2). Starting on day 5 of engagement, we collected eggs and measured egg and yolk masses and yolk diameters. Then we stained the yolks with potassium dichromate to quantify the number of days the ovarian follicle spent accumulating yolk. We compared the results of the treatment groups with those of the control hens that were kept in individual laying cages throughout the study. The number of eggs laid, the yolk mass, and the yolk diameter did not differ among any of the three groups, but hens exposed to both females and males produced yolks with significantly more rings than hens in the other groups. Thus, the presence of males appeared to lengthen the time it took for ovarian follicles to reach the size needed for ovulation but did not result in larger or heavier yolks.</p>","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":"97 4","pages":"220-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between Spatial Biology and Physiological Ecology in the Gopher Tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus","authors":"William E. Stiffler, Michael L. Hilton, George L. Heinrich, J. Goessling","doi":"10.1086/731340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/731340","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141372720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesocosm studies suggest climate change may release Aedes aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae) larvae from cold-inhibition and enable year-round development in a desert city","authors":"Trevor P. Fox, Yash Raka, Kirk Smith, Jon Fewell Harrison","doi":"10.1086/731710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/731710","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141372607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle-tendon unit properties in mice bred for high levels of voluntary running: novel physiologies, coadaptation, trade-offs, and multiple solutions in the evolution of endurance running","authors":"Alberto A. Castro, Allyn Nguyen, Saad Ahmed, Theodore Garland, Natalie C. Holt","doi":"10.1086/731307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/731307","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":" 86","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141000742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telomeres and the Rate of Living: Linking Biological Clocks of Senescence.","authors":"James F Gillooly, Emily S Khazan","doi":"10.1086/730588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/730588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AbstractTwo prominent theories of aging, one based on telomere dynamics and the other on mass-specific energy flux, propose biological time clocks of senescence. The relationship between these two theories, and the biological clocks proposed by each, remains unclear. Here, we examine the relationships between telomere shortening rate, mass-specific metabolic rate, and lifespan among vertebrates (mammals, birds, fishes). Results show that telomere shortening rate increases linearly with mass-specific metabolic rate and decreases nonlinearly with increasing body mass in the same way as mass-specific metabolic rate. Results also show that both telomere shortening rate and mass-specific metabolic rate are similarly related to lifespan and that both strongly predict differences in lifespan, although the slopes of the relationships are less than linear. On average, then, telomeres shorten a fixed amount per unit of mass-specific energy flux. So the mitotic clock of telomere shortening and the energetics-based clock described by metabolic rate can be viewed as alternative measures of the same biological clock. These two processes may be linked, we speculate, through the process of cell division.</p>","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":"97 3","pages":"157-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141322289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Metabolic Effort and Duration of Ecdysis in Timber Rattlesnakes: Implications for Time-Energy Budgets of Reptiles.","authors":"Maxwell D Carnes-Mason, Jason Ortega, Steven J Beaupre","doi":"10.1086/730524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/730524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AbstractTemperate reptiles are often considered to be low-energy systems, with their discrete use of time and energy making them model systems for the study of time-energy budgets. However, the semifrequent replacement and sloughing of the epidermis is a ubiquitous feature of squamate reptiles that is often overlooked when accounting for time and energy budgets in these animals. We used open-flow respirometry to measure both the energetic effort of ecdysis and the duration of the associated metabolic upregulation (likely related to behavioral changes often reported for animals in shed) in wild-caught timber rattlesnakes (<i>Crotalus horridus</i>). We hypothesized that total effort of skin biosynthesis and physical removal would be related to body mass and expected the duration of the process to remain static across individuals at a fixed temperature (25°C). We provide both the first measurements of the cost of skin biosynthesis and physical removal in a reptile and the highest-resolution estimate of process duration recorded to date. We found that skin biosynthesis, but not the cost of physical removal of the epidermis, was related to body mass. Shed cycle duration was consistent across individuals, taking nearly 4 wk from process initiation to physical removal of the outermost epidermal layer. Total energetic effort of ecdysis was of sizeable magnitude, requiring ∼3% of the total annual energy budget of a timber rattlesnake. Energetic effort for a 500-g snake was equivalent to the amount of metabolizable energy acquired from the consumption of approximately two adult mice. Ecdysis is a significant part of the time-energy budgets of snakes, necessitating further attention in studies of reptilian energetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":"97 3","pages":"129-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141322290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Intraspecific Differences of Thermal Biology in a Marsupial Hibernator.","authors":"Fritz Geiser","doi":"10.1086/730867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/730867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AbstractDuring periods of torpor, hibernators can reduce metabolic rate (MR) and body temperature (<i>T</i>_b) substantially. However, to avoid physiological dysfunction at low temperatures, they defend <i>T</i>_b at a critical minimum, often between ~0°C and 10°C via an increase in MR. Because thermoregulation during torpor requires extra energy, individuals with lower <i>T</i>_b's and thus minimal MR during torpor should be selected in colder climates. Such inter- and intraspecific variations occur in some placental mammals, but for the evolutionary separate marsupials, available information is scarce. Marsupial eastern pygmy possums (<i>Cercartetus nanus</i>; ~22 g body mass), widely distributed along the Australian southeastern coast including subtropical to alpine areas, were used to test the hypothesis that the defended <i>T</i>_b of torpid individuals is related to the climate of their habitat. Possums were captured from five regions, 1,515 km apart, with midwinter (July) minimum environmental temperatures (min <i>T</i>_env's) ranging from -3.9°C to 6.6°C. Captive possums in deep torpor were slowly cooled with ambient temperature (<i>T</i>_a), while their MR was measured to determine the minimum torpor metabolic rate (TMR), the <i>T</i>_a at which their MR increased for thermoregulation (min <i>T</i>_a), and the corresponding minimum <i>T</i>_b (min <i>T</i>_b). Partial least squares regression analysis revealed that <i>T</i>_a and <i>T</i>_env were the strongest explanatory variables for the min <i>T</i>_b. The min <i>T</i>_b and <i>T</i>_a were also correlated with latitude but not elevation of the capture sites. However, the best correlations were observed between the min <i>T</i>_env and the min <i>T</i>_b and <i>T</i>_a for individuals experiencing min <math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>env</mi></mrow></msub><mo>></mo><mn>0</mn><mo>°</mo><mtext>C</mtext></mrow></math>; these individuals thermoconformed to min <i>T</i>_a's between -0.8°C and 3.7°C, and their min <i>T</i>_b ranged from 0.5°C to 6.0°C and was 0.5°C-2.6°C below the min <i>T</i>_env at the capture site. In contrast, individuals experiencing a min <i>T</i>_env of -3.9°C regulated <i>T</i>_b at <math><mrow><mn>0.6</mn><mo>°</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>±</mo><mn>0.2</mn><mo>°</mo><mtext>C</mtext></mrow></math> or 4.5°C above the <i>T</i>_env. The minimum TMR of all possums did not differ with <i>T</i>_a and thus did not differ among populations and was 2.6% of the basal MR. These data provide new evidence that thermal variables of marsupials are subject to regional intraspecific variation. It suggests that min <i>T</i>_b is a function of the min <i>T</i>_env but only above 0°C, perhaps because the <","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":"97 3","pages":"180-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141322288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Rate Suppression and Maintenance of Flight Muscle Metabolic Capacity during Diapause in Bumble Bee (<i>Bombus impatiens</i>) Queens.","authors":"Ariane Rondot, Charles-A Darveau","doi":"10.1086/730587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/730587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AbstractThe common eastern bumble bee (<i>Bombus impatiens</i>) queens endure cold winter months by entering a diapause state. During this overwintering period, these animals use stored energy reserves while maintaining a low metabolic rate. This study investigates changes in the metabolic rate of bumble bee queens during diapause-like laboratory conditions and the potential reorganization of the flight muscle metabolic properties during this period. We first confirmed the hypometabolic state of queens during diapause in the laboratory, which lowered their resting metabolic rate to less than 5% of normal resting values. Body mass decreased during diapause, body composition changed where carbohydrates decreased initially, and later protein declined, with a similar trend for lipid content. Using cellular respirometry, we determined the capacity of the flight muscle cells of bumble bee queens to use various metabolic fuels and whether this capacity changes during the progression of diapause to favor stored lipid-derived substrates. Queens showed a low capacity to oxidize the amino acid proline, compared with workers, and their capacity to oxidize all metabolic substrates did not change during a 4-mo diapause period in the laboratory. We also show no detectable ability to oxidize fatty acid by flight muscle mitochondria in this species. The metabolic properties of flight muscle tissue were further characterized using metabolic enzyme activity profiles showing little change during diapause, indicating that profound metabolic suppression is induced without major changes in muscle metabolic phenotypes. Overall, <i>B. impatiens</i> queens undergo diapause while maintaining flight muscle capacity under the conditions used.</p>","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":"97 3","pages":"144-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141322287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in Freshwater Insect Osmoregulatory Traits: A Comparative Approach.","authors":"Jamie K Cochran, Sarah E Orr, David H Funk, Anastasia C Figurskey, Michael H Reiskind, David B Buchwalter","doi":"10.1086/730689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/730689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AbstractFreshwater salinity regimes vary naturally and are changing in response to anthropogenic activities. Few insect species tolerate saline waters, and biodiversity losses are associated with increasing salinity in freshwater. We used radiotracers (²²Na, ³⁵SO₄, and ⁴⁵Ca) to examine ion uptake rates across concentration gradients in mayflies (Ephemeroptera), caddis flies (Trichoptera), and mosquitoes (Diptera) and made observations for some traits in seven other taxa representing mayflies, stone flies (Plecoptera), true flies (Diptera), and true bugs (Hemiptera). We further assessed the permeability of the cuticle to ³H₂O influx and ²²Na efflux when faced with deionized water in these same taxa. We hypothesized a relationship between uptake rates and reported saline tolerances, but our data did not support this hypothesis, likely because acclimatory responses were not part of this experimental approach. However, we found several common physiological traits across the taxa studied, including (i) ionic uptake rates that were always positively correlated with dissolved concentrations, (ii) generally low Ca uptake rates relative to other freshwater taxa, (iii) greater Na loss than Na uptake in dilute conditions, (iv) ion uptake that was more variable in ion-rich conditions than in dilute conditions, and (v) ³H₂O influx that occurs quickly (but this rapidly exchangeable pool of body water accounts for a surprisingly small percentage of the water content of species tested). There remains much to learn about the physiology of these important organisms in the face of changing salinity regimes worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":"97 3","pages":"164-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141322244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}