Ecological and evolutionary physiology最新文献

{"title":"Time and Tissue-Specific Responses of Mitochondrial Metabolism to Hypoxia in Fish.","authors":"Léna Jégo, Jean-Baptiste Quéméneur, Antoine Stier, Sophie Collet, Damien Roussel, Anthony Hickey, Karine Salin","doi":"10.1086/734065","DOIUrl":"10.1086/734065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AbstractPeriods of hypoxia are extremely common in aquatic systems and are predicted to have enduring impacts on aquatic life. Mitochondrial metabolic responses are important for animal performance during hypoxia, but tissue-specific responses and time needed for mitochondria to adjust remain unclear. Here, we investigate how mitochondrial metabolism responds to hypoxia (50% air saturation) over a prolonged period (15-21 wk) in sea bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>). We used a longitudinal assessment of mitochondria from three repeated, but nonlethal, samplings of red blood cells (RBCs) at 3-wk intervals (15, 18, and 21 wk of hypoxia) alongside a terminal sampling of two other tissues (liver and heart). We found that hypoxic fish increased their RBC oxidative phosphorylation between weeks 15 and 18 but did not change it between weeks 18 and 21. We also show that mitochondrial respiratory capacities were depressed in the heart but not in the liver or RBCs of sea bass held for 21 wk in hypoxia compared with those of sea bass maintained in normoxia. The time and tissue-specific responses to hypoxia likely have consequences for how organisms adjust their different organ functions under the constraints of oxygen availability. As the occurrence of hypoxia is expected to increase in marine ecosystems, our data also indicate that understanding temporal changes in mitochondrial metabolism is crucial to predict organismal responses in the face of ongoing environmental change.</p>","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":"97 6","pages":"371-381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Care Strategies Differentially Optimize the Health and Immunity of Male and Female South American Fur Seal Pups.","authors":"Diego J Perez-Venegas, Felipe Montalva, Josefina Gutierrez, Aranza Gómez-Camus, Antonia Angel, Claudia Ulloa-Contreras, Blanca E Molina-Burgos, Gustavo Chiang, Chris Harrod, Héctor Pavés, Maritza Sepúlveda, Mauricio Seguel","doi":"10.1086/733793","DOIUrl":"10.1086/733793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AbstractPinnipeds face increasing challenges that affect how maternal foraging and nursing strategies transfer key resources for immune function and ultimately the survival of their offspring. We evaluated how foraging strategies and maternal care in South American fur seals (<i>Arctocephalus australis</i>) affect male and female pup growth, physiology, and immune health. We used capture and recapture data for mothers and their pups and daily monitoring during the austral summers of 2015-2016, 2021-2022, and 2022-2023 to assess maternal care. We collected pup morphometric data, blood, and vibrissae to assess their growth rates, health, and immune competence. We found that mothers shifted their diet from demersal to more pelagic prey between 2015 and 2023 because of a decrease in their main demersal prey item, the southern hake (<i>Merluccius australis</i>). This shift in diet was associated with reduced maternal foraging time and increased nursing time, which differentially affected the health of male and female pups. Male pups grew faster, emphasizing energy reserves, especially in years with a higher abundance of demersal prey, while slower-growing female pups prioritized the development of the immune system, especially during years with a decline in demersal fish and an increase in the use of pelagic fish by their mothers, suggesting sex-specific adaptation for the long-term survival of offspring. This study suggests that prey scarcity could differentially impact the development and immune health of male and female offspring of marine top predators.</p>","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":"97 6","pages":"327-341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embryos and Tadpoles of the Eurythermal Baja California Chorus Frog (<i>Pseudacris hypochondriaca</i>) Show Subtle Phenotypic Changes in Response to Daily Cycling Temperatures.","authors":"Casey A Mueller, Carlos Caetano B D P Leão, Krystal R Atherley, Natalie Campos, John Eme","doi":"10.1086/733827","DOIUrl":"10.1086/733827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AbstractEnvironmental thermal fluctuations influence fitness-related organismal traits. Investigations of ectothermic physiology must include cycling thermal regimes because such fluctuations are increasing with environmental change. We used the eurythermal Baja California chorus frog (<i>Pseudacris hypochondriaca</i>) to examine developmental responses to daily temperature cycles informed by recorded field conditions (15°C constant and cycles of 12.5°C⟷17.5°C and 10°C⟷20°C) and an extreme daily cycle (15°C⟷25°C). We measured survival, development rate, mass, and oxygen consumption rate (V̇o₂) upon hatch. The 15°C⟷25°C daily cycle decreased time to hatch, produced larger hatchlings, and reduced mass-specific V̇o₂. Lower mass-specific V̇o₂ in 12.5°C⟷17.5°C hatchlings indicated a minor effect of daily temperature cycles with a common mean temperature (15°C). We also measured size, thermal tolerance, V̇o₂, and swim speed at a common tadpole stage (hindlimb toe differentiation), with V̇o₂ and swim speed measured at 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C. The 15°C⟷25°C tadpoles were smaller but showed higher thermal tolerance, mass-specific V̇o₂ at 25°C, and length-corrected sustained swim speed than the 15°C constant and 12.5°C⟷17.5°C tadpoles. The 15°C⟷25°C treatment with a higher mean temperature (∼20°C) drove most phenotypic differences in hatchlings and tadpoles. Compared to tadpoles in the 15°C constant treatment, tadpoles in the 10°C⟷20°C treatment had significantly higher thermal tolerance and moderate but statistically indistinguishable increases in swim speed, illustrating subtle effects of daily temperature cycles on tadpole phenotypes. Developing chorus frogs function well at and above maximum temperatures experienced naturally, and our results indicate a subtle \"warmer is better\" acclimation response for physiological traits in response to substantial daily thermal cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":"97 6","pages":"354-370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Uptake from Air in a Desert Thread Snake, <i>Myriopholis macrorhyncha</i>.","authors":"Shahar Dubiner, Shai Meiri, Eran Levin","doi":"10.1086/733794","DOIUrl":"10.1086/733794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AbstractSquamates are adapted to thrive in extreme deserts thanks to, among other mechanisms, the water-conserving characteristics of their integument. Yet very small-bodied species, such as the fossorial desert thread snake <i>Myriopholis macrorhyncha</i> (∼1 g), face challenges because of their high relative surface area entailing high evaporative water loss. Fossorial snakes avoid dry periods by retreating underground, which can reach high humidity even in the desert habitat of <i>M. macrorhyncha</i>. We measured evaporative water loss of three individuals at 25°C and three different ecologically relevant humidity conditions. We found low water loss at 70% relative humidity (RH) compared to the high water loss in dry air (near 0% RH). Interestingly, we found apparent water absorption at 97% RH, confirmed by both respirometry and equivalent gains in body mass following this treatment. This suggests an adaptation allowing the snake to acquire water from the atmosphere during its retreat to subterranean burrows and ant nests. Coupled with other water-conserving strategies, such as discontinuous gas exchange to reduce respiratory water loss, this strategy could be crucial for survival in arid environments where water is scarce.</p>","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":"97 6","pages":"382-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Acclimation on Standard and Maximum Metabolic Rate in a Small Freshwater Fish.","authors":"Rebecca S Raynal, Russell Bonduriansky, Lisa E Schwanz","doi":"10.1086/733582","DOIUrl":"10.1086/733582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AbstractThe ability of freshwater fish to acclimate quickly to water temperature variation is imperative when living in shallow changeable environments. However, while it has often been assumed that maximum metabolic rate is constant and therefore that metabolic scope (the difference between maximum and standard metabolic rates) decreases with ambient temperature, this assumption is weakly supported and remains controversial. We investigated acclimation in a temperate, shallow-dwelling Australian freshwater fish, the Pacific blue-eye (<i>Pseudomugil signifer</i>), to rising water temperatures. We placed wild-caught fish into three acclimation treatments (24°C, 28°C, and 30°C) and measured metabolic rate at three test temperatures (24°C, 28°C, and 30°C). We found that fish acclimated (recovered standard metabolic rate) to housing temperatures before the first measurement at 10 d. Moreover, we found that regardless of acclimation temperature, standard metabolic rate, maximum metabolic rate, and aerobic scope all increased with test temperature. Our findings suggest that maximum metabolic rate and metabolic scope can adjust rapidly to ambient temperature. More research is needed to understand the generality of these effects, as well as their consequences for fitness.</p>","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":"97 6","pages":"342-353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental Thermal Conditioning Regulates Oxidative State and Beak Coloration in Response to Thermal Stressors in Adulthood.","authors":"Alexander J Hoffman, John W Finger, Andreas N Kavazis, Haruka Wada","doi":"10.1086/733518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/733518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AbstractAt certain intensities and durations, environmental stressors during development can result in changes in physiology that prepare organisms for future stressful conditions. Such plasticity can allow organisms to maintain good condition when confronted with a poor environment, potentially conferring an advantage in fitness. However, the physiological changes underlying these adaptive phenotypic adjustments are understudied. Using captive male zebra finches (<i>Taeniopygia castanotis</i>), we tested whether exposure to a prolonged mild stressor during development would adaptively modify their antioxidant enzyme expression, reducing oxidative damage when exposed to a high-intensity stressor in adulthood and allowing the maintenance of a secondary sexual trait. To do this, we exposed juvenile finches to either a prolonged mild heat stressor treatment (38°C) or a control temperature treatment (22°C). As adults, these finches were then exposed to either an acute high-intensity heat stressor treatment (42°C) or control temperature treatment (22°C). The beak color of males-a sexually selected trait-was quantified, as were oxidative stress parameters in the testes and liver tissues. We saw that the mild-heat-conditioned males had beaks with higher saturation and lower brightness at baseline in adulthood but that the changes in beak color in response to the high heat stressor varied. After exposure to the high heat stressor as adults, finches had higher levels of superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 in the testes and lower levels of lipid damage in the liver if they were also exposed to the mild heat conditioning as juveniles, indicating an adaptive phenotypic change.</p>","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":"97 5","pages":"302-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary Loss of Male-Specific Coloration Is Associated with the Loss of Androgen Receptor Expression in Skin of <i>Sceloporus</i> Lizards.","authors":"Christopher D Robinson, Matthew R Milnes, Ian T Clifton, Henry B John-Alder, Robert M Cox","doi":"10.1086/732782","DOIUrl":"10.1086/732782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AbstractHormones can induce trait development in one species yet have no effect on the same trait in a closely related species, but the mechanisms underlying these differences are unclear. Here, we compare two closely related lizard species to explore the cellular mechanisms associated with the evolutionary loss of hormonally mediated ventral coloration. The eastern fence lizard (<i>Sceloporus undulatus</i>) has sexually dimorphic blue and black ventral coloration that develops when maturational increases in androgens induce melanin synthesis in males. The closely related striped plateau lizard (<i>Sceloporus virgatus</i>) has sexually monomorphic white ventral skin that does not produce melanin in response to the same signal. We used immunohistochemistry to localize the androgen receptor (AR) in the skin of both species and to test whether the loss of ventral coloration in <i>S. virgatus</i> corresponds to the loss of AR in the skin. We found that the ventral skin of <i>S. virgatus</i> displays little or no AR staining in the pigment cell layer, potentially explaining the loss of androgen sensitivity in this tissue, relative to the robust AR staining in the same layer of <i>S. undulatus</i>. Based on the location of three markers for melanophores (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, dopachrome tautomerase, and tyrosinase), AR appears to be present in melanophores in <i>S. undulatus</i>. However, we could not detect these melanophore markers in the skin of <i>S. virgatus</i>. Therefore, the evolutionary loss of ventral coloration may have occurred via the loss of the AR-producing melanophore in mature ventral skin, preventing the development of a male-typical trait and sexual dimorphism in this tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":"97 5","pages":"315-325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stressful Body Temperatures as a Maternal Effect on Lizard Reproduction.","authors":"Anthony L Gilbert, Sydney M Wayne, Mike C Norris, John M Rodgers, Daniel A Warner","doi":"10.1086/733349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/733349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between the environment parents experience during reproduction and the environment embryos experience in the nest is essential for determining the intergenerational responses of populations to novel environmental conditions. Thermal stress has become commonplace for organisms inhabiting areas affected by rising temperatures. Exposure to body temperatures that approach, but do not exceed, upper thermal limits often induces adverse effects in organisms, but the propensity for these temperatures to have intergenerational consequences has not been explored in depth. Here, we quantified the effects of thermal stress on the reproductive physiology and development of brown anoles (<i>Anolis sagrei</i>) when thermal stress is experienced by mothers and by eggs during incubation. Mothers exposed to thermal stress produced smaller eggs and smaller offspring with reduced growth rates, while egg stress reduced developmental time and offspring mass. Hatchling survival and growth were negatively affected by thermal stress experienced by mothers but not by thermal stress experienced as eggs. We found mixed evidence for an additive effect of thermal stress on offspring; rather, thermal stress had specific (and most often negative) effects on different components of offspring phenotypes and fitness proxies when experienced either by mothers or by eggs. Stressful body temperatures therefore can function in a similar manner to other types of maternal effects in reptiles; however, this maternal effect has predominantly negative consequences on offspring.</p>","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":"97 5","pages":"292-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Evolution of a Mammalian Holobiont? Genetic and Maternal Effects on the Cecal Microbiome in Bank Voles Selectively Bred for Herbivorous Capability.","authors":"Małgorzata M Lipowska, Edyta T Sadowska, Kevin D Kohl, Paweł Koteja","doi":"10.1086/732781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/732781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AbstractMammalian herbivory represents a complex adaptation requiring evolutionary changes across all levels of biological organization, from molecules to morphology to behavior. Explaining the evolution of such complex traits represents a major challenge in biology, as it is simultaneously muddled and enlightened by a growing awareness of the crucial role of symbiotic associations in shaping organismal adaptations. The concept of hologenomic evolution includes the partnered unit of the holobiont, the host with its microbiome, as a selection unit that may undergo adaptation. Here, we test some of the assumptions underlying the concept of hologenomic evolution using a unique experimental evolution model: lines of the bank vole (<i>Myodes</i> [=<i>Clethrionomys</i>] <i>glareolus</i>) selected for increased ability to cope with a low-quality herbivorous diet and unselected control lines. Results from a complex nature-nurture design, in which we combined cross-fostering between the selected and control lines with dietary treatment, showed that the herbivorous voles harbored a cecal microbiome with altered membership and structure and changed abundances of several phyla and genera regardless of the origin of their foster mothers. Although the differences were small, they were statistically significant and partially robust to changes in diet and housing conditions. Microbial characteristics also correlated with selection-related traits at the level of individual variation. Thus, the results support the hypothesis that selection on a host performance trait leads to genetic changes in the host that promote the maintenance of a beneficial microbiome. Such a result is consistent with some of the assumptions underlying the concept of hologenomic evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":"97 5","pages":"274-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Island Living Indirectly Affects Hair Glucocorticoid Levels in a Small Mammal.","authors":"Nathan D Stewart, Joshua K R Tabh, Gabriela F Mastromonaco, Gary Burness","doi":"10.1086/732760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/732760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AbstractIsland vertebrates that are small on the mainland tend to be larger and exhibit tamer behavior than their mainland conspecifics-a combined set of characteristics known as \"island syndrome.\" Such island-specific traits are often attributed to lower predation pressure on islands than on the mainland. While the morphology and behavior of island vertebrates has received significant attention, relatively few studies have compared physiological traits between island and mainland populations. Given that hormones such as glucocorticoids are involved in responding to predation, it is reasonable to test whether island populations that have demonstrated characteristics of island syndrome also have different glucocorticoid levels than their mainland conspecifics. Here, we used a long-term museum collection of deer mice (<i>Peromyscus maniculatus</i>) obtained from two archipelagos and two mainland regions to test the hypothesis that island syndrome includes changes in time-averaged corticosterone levels, as measured in hair. As predicted by island syndrome, deer mice from islands were structurally larger and heavier for their given structural size than their mainland conspecifics. When we compared size-matched individuals (i.e., holding size constant), hair corticosterone levels did not differ between island and mainland mice. However, corticosterone levels scaled positively with body mass and condition across our sample population. This led to a relative increase in corticosterone levels among median-sized mice from islands relative to median-sized mice from mainland populations. We conclude that island syndrome does include effects on deer mouse stress physiology but only indirectly through the evolution of larger body size in island populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":519900,"journal":{"name":"Ecological and evolutionary physiology","volume":"97 5","pages":"263-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}