Gut microbes reports最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating long-term stool preservation methods for maximizing the recovery of viable human fecal microbiota.","authors":"Youzheng Teo, Anton Lavrinienko, Diana Albertos Torres, Paul Tetteh Asare, Antonia Ruder, Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello, Adrian Egli, Nicholas A Bokulich, Pascale Vonaesch","doi":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2594958","DOIUrl":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2594958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in human health, prompting efforts to catalog and preserve its diversity across human populations. While DNA sequencing dominates microbiome research, cultivation remains essential for mechanistic studies and therapeutic development. However, best practices for long-term stool preservation remain limited. Here, we compared the stability of eight cryopreservation treatments for maintaining viable stool microbiota over a 1-y storage period at -80 °C (freezer) or at -196 °C (liquid nitrogen) using samples from infants, children, and adults. Combining cultivation on six media with 16S rRNA sequencing, we show that ultralow-temperature cryopreservation has a minimal impact on microbiota diversity compared to fresh cultures. Standard glycerol preservation and simple snap-freezing performed comparably to more complex and costly protocols, with all cultured samples retaining donor-specific microbiota profiles after long-term cryopreservation. The lack of strong treatment-specific effects on microbiota composition suggests a shared microbial response to freeze‒thaw stress favoring taxa with broad environmental tolerance. Our findings offer practical, low-cost strategies for stool biobanking.</p><p><strong>Importance: </strong>The cultivation of bacterial taxa from complex communities, such as those in fecal samples, is essential for mechanistic studies and the development of microbiota-based therapeutics, including defined consortia and individual probiotic strains. Such cultivation efforts typically rely on previously stored samples; however, systematic knowledge regarding long-term preservation strategies that ensure the viability and regrowth of constituent bacterial taxa remains limited. In this study, we systematically evaluated 16 distinct cryopreservation conditions to assess their efficacy in maintaining bacterial viability. Our results show that conventional glycerol-based preservation and simple snap-freezing are comparable in performance to more elaborate and cost-intensive protocols. Moreover, we identified the duration of sample transport prior to freezing as a critical determinant of post-thaw bacterial recovery. These findings provide valuable data on the relative effectiveness of various preservation methods and support the use of low-cost, easily implementable strategies that are particularly suitable for application in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":519879,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbes reports","volume":"2 1","pages":"2594958"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12940166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of physical activity with gut microbiome among low-income black American adults in the Southern Community Cohort Study.","authors":"Jiajun Shi, Sang Minh Nguyen, Danxia Yu, Lei Wang, Lili Liu, Hui Cai, Jie Wu, Jirong Long, Qiuyin Cai, Martha J Shrubsole, Wei Zheng, Xiao-Ou Shu","doi":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2589861","DOIUrl":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2589861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical activity (PA) has been suggested to influence the gut microbiome. We evaluated this association among low-income Black American adults. This study included 489 self-identified Black American participants from the Southern Community Cohort Study. PA data, including exercise/sport- and work/home-related moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA), was collected at cohort enrollment (2002-2009). Stool samples were collected between 2018 and 2021, and microbial composition was profiled using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. General linear regression models were employed to evaluate associations between PA and gut microbial <i>α</i>-diversity, abundance of individual species and metabolic pathways. Among all participants, MVPA measures were not associated with Shannon <i>α</i>-diversity (<i>p</i> > 0.05) and explained approximately 0.2-0.3% variation of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. A total of 32 bacterial species, including seven <i>Bacteroides</i> species, two <i>Streptococcus</i> species, two <i>Prevotella</i> species, and nine microbial metabolic pathways, including D-fucofuranose biosynthesis, xyloglucan degradation, biosynthesis of L-citrulline, L-aspartate and L-asparagine biosynthesis, and urea cycle, were significantly associated with work/home-related and/or total MVPA (all false discovery rates < 0.10). In conclusion, MVPA, particularly from work and home activities, may modulate the composition and functionality of the gut microbiome among Black American adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":519879,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbes reports","volume":"2 1","pages":"2589861"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12940208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecologically robust gut environment associated with personalized metabolic responses in a Japanese cohort.","authors":"Chiharu Ishii, Miyuki Suzuki, Shinnosuke Murakami, Isaiah Song, Yoshiomi Soejima, Morimasa Kato, Shinji Fukuda","doi":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2574930","DOIUrl":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2574930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiota produces numerous metabolites that affect host physiology. However, the effects of daily diet on human fecal metabolome profiles and their robustness are not well understood, and examinations of intra-individual stability over multiple time points are limited. Here, we investigated the robustness of the human intestinal environment through fecal metabolome and microbiome profiling in response to daily dietary fluctuations. We analyzed 176 fecal samples from 25 healthy Japanese individuals subjected to three dietary regimens, including heterogeneous and homogeneous diets. Fecal metabolome and microbiome profiles were unique to each individual. Further in-depth analyses of seven of these individuals showed that these profiles were stable despite daily dietary fluctuations in six individuals. In addition, random forest classification successfully predicted each subject's identity based on their metabolome profile. The correlation analysis also revealed that the food-metabolite and food-microbiome relationships were highly personalized. The findings from this study suggest that individual diet prior to sample collection is unlikely to influence the fecal metabolome and microbiome data to an extent that is not representative of the individual's \"normal\" condition, which may lower barriers to future research on the gut environment and its implications for host health.</p>","PeriodicalId":519879,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbes reports","volume":"2 1","pages":"2574930"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12940129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic strain <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> TO-A modulates the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.","authors":"Takuto Hayashi, Rena Nakagomi, Yoichi Okino, Satoshi Shimazaki, Diansheng Wang","doi":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2572788","DOIUrl":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2572788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have important innate immune functions that prevent pathogenic infections. In the intestinal tract, NET formation contributes to the prevention of the systemic spread of commensal bacteria associated with mucosal barrier dysfunction, and exacerbates inflammation in various chronic enteritis conditions. Therefore, NETs in the intestinal tract are bilateral and appropriate control methods based on the host's condition are required. In this study, we found that the probiotic bacterial strain <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> TO-A (BSTOA), used in both human and veterinary medicine, modulates NET formation in a bidirectional manner. Co-culture of neutrophil-like HL-60 (nHL-60) cells with BSTOA at a low ratio of 0.1:1 (BSTOA:nHL-60 cells) promoted subsequent NET formation. Conversely, co-culture of nHL-60 cells with BSTOA at a high ratio of 10:1 suppressed NET formation. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis demonstrated that BSTOA affects cellular processes through pathways such as peptidyl-prolyl isomerization, regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity, and chromatin remodeling to exert its function in nHL-60 cells. This is the first report of a single bacterial strain with the ability to regulate NET formation in a bidirectional manner, suggesting that BSTOA has potential utility as a preventive or therapeutic agent for NET-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":519879,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbes reports","volume":"2 1","pages":"2572788"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12940209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome features and resistome elements associated with colonization and infection with antibiotic-resistance threats.","authors":"Maliha Batool, Stephanie McMahon, Samantha Franklin, Corina Ramont, Pranoti Sahasrabhojane, Chia-Chi Chang, Tomo Hayase, Eiko Hayase, John C Blazier, Robert Jenq, Samuel Shelburne, Jessica Galloway-Peña","doi":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2570502","DOIUrl":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2570502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection with antimicrobial-resistant (AR) pathogens is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with hematological malignancies; however, little is known about the gut microbiome dynamics in acute myeloid leukemia patients and its impact on AR infections (ARI) and/or colonization with AR pathogens (ARC). Longitudinal stool samples collected from 154 patients undergoing induction chemotherapy were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing, selective and differential media culturing, MALDI-TOF, and VITEK2 to identify patients with ARC or ARI and to isolate AR infectious and colonizing bacterial strains. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of baseline stool samples revealed taxa abundances, resistome features, and KEGG pathways associated with AR-events. Baseline observed species were lower in patients with AR-events (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Although several baseline taxa were more abundant in AR-event patients, they were not statistically significant when they were corrected for false discovery. Functional analysis revealed that penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis pathways were significantly enriched in patients with ARC. In summary, identifying the baseline microbiome, resistome, and functional pathway biomarkers may forecast an increased risk of ARI and/or ARC, thereby informing antimicrobial treatment strategies in AML patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":519879,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbes reports","volume":"2 1","pages":"2570502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12940128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between food consumption with T cell activation and antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.","authors":"Hiroki Negishi, Gaku Nakato, Rie Kadowaki, Hiroki Kono, Mami Minakata, Ayumi Ichikawa, Takayuki Toshimitsu, Seiya Makino, Hiroshi Kano, Sho Nakamura, Hiroto Narimatsu, Shinji Fukuda","doi":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2568927","DOIUrl":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2568927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce protective immunity, but the factors influencing individual immune responses remain incompletely understood. This study investigated associations between dietary habits, T cell activation, and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells following spike protein stimulation and measured anti-SARS-CoV-2 S protein antibody levels. We found significant positive correlations between CD4⁺ activation-induced marker (AIM)⁺ T cells, CD4⁺ CD69⁺ T cells, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 S protein antibody levels. Among various food items, yogurt and bread consumption frequencies showed significant positive correlations with immune parameters. Participants with high yogurt consumption (daily or more) demonstrated significantly higher levels of CD4⁺ AIM⁺ T cells, CD4⁺ CD69⁺ T cells, and antibody levels compared to low consumption groups. Similar patterns were observed for bread consumption. These associations remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, vaccination count, and prior infection history. Additionally, we observed correlations between serum and fecal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, with distinct gut microbiota and metabolite profiles associated with antibody levels. Our findings suggest that regular consumption of specific foods may influence vaccine-induced immune responses, potentially through interactions with the gut environment. These results provide a foundation for investigating dietary approaches to optimize vaccine responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":519879,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbes reports","volume":"2 1","pages":"2568927"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12940119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome-induced metabolites promote the role of Silybin as adjunctive drug in HIV-positive immunological nonresponders.","authors":"Wenli Liu, Minghui An, Qi Wang, Yun Liu, Yuxin Shang, Xue Dong, Haibo Ding, Shuai Fu, Xiaoxu Han, Hong Shang","doi":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2569789","DOIUrl":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2569789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV-infected immunological nonresponders (INRs) endure persistent T-cell dysfunction and chronic inflammation, facing high risk of various complications and mortality, with no effective therapies available. Silybin, the principal constituent of a plant extract, possesses anti-inflammation and immunomodulatory properties. The gut microbiome has been shown to modulate the efficacy of immune therapies and drugs. We gave 54 INRs oral silybin for three months and used multi-omics to investigate the gut-related factors influencing the efficacy of silybin. Silybin raised CD4⁺ T cells counts in 52% of participants and an efficacy classification model based on baseline gut microbiome and metabolites was developed. Favorable gut bacteria produced anti-inflammatory metabolites that downregulated Ras/MAPK/PI3K-Akt signaling pathways also targeted by silybin. Our findings shed light on a novel therapeutic approach for addressing immune dysfunction in HIV-positive INRs and have important implications for personalized medical strategies in the management of HIV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":519879,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbes reports","volume":"2 1","pages":"2569789"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12940151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel ketogenic diet that reduces seizures and prevents liver steatosis leads to related gut microbiome changes and restores cecal short-chain fatty acid levels in the rapid kindling rat model of epileptogenesis.","authors":"Hester Meeusen, Julia Lohr, Tiemen van Eijndthoven, Rozemarijn S Kalf, Guus Roeselers, Ardy van Helvoort, Jan A Gorter, Erwin A van Vliet, Sebastian Tims, Jose P Silva, Eleonora Aronica","doi":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2567677","DOIUrl":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2567677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We recently introduced an innovative ketogenic diet (KD) demonstrating superior antiseizure efficacy in a rat kindling model of epileptogenesis without inducing hepatic steatosis compared to a classic KD. This new diet features reduced fat content, lower plasma ketosis levels, and incorporates new ingredients, including a novel fermentable fiber blend, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that partially replace omega-6 PUFAs, and medium-chain fatty acids that partially substitute for stearic acid. In the present study, we conducted gut microbiota analyses on cecum samples to elucidate its contribution to these effects. The analysis revealed distinctive features compared to the classic KD and control diet: higher weighted alpha diversity, distinct beta diversity, increased <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Clostridium sensu stricto 1</i> abundances, and altered genera abundances correlated with seizure scores and liver triglyceride content. Furthermore, these genera abundances were linked to stearic acid and omega-3 PUFA plasma levels. Notably, the novel KD restored short-chain fatty acid levels and the butyrate-to-propionate ratio in the cecum, possibly driving lipid oxidation and ketone production while preventing liver steatosis. These findings suggest the involvement of the gut microbiome in mediating the antiseizure efficacy and reducing the adverse metabolic effects of a KD, thereby enhancing its utility for epilepsy treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":519879,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbes reports","volume":"2 1","pages":"2567677"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12899332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of gut microbiome in pathogenesis and treatment of diseases: Multidisciplinary experts' opinion of the Asian Medical Experts Academy (AMEA).","authors":"Raphaela I Lau, Martin C S Wong, Louis H S Lau, Alexander Y L Lau, Ivan W C Mak, Oswens S H Lo, Norman N Chan, David L K Dai, Kwan C Hau","doi":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2558575","DOIUrl":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2558575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging evidence suggests the role of the gut microbiome in the health and diseases of multiple organs and systems. In the past decade, an increasing trend in the use of microbiome-based therapeutics (e.g., probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics) has been observed in Asia and globally. However, local and global clinical guidelines on the use of microbiome-based therapeutics are limited. A multidisciplinary working group has been established to foster communication between experts from diverse medical specialties on the clinical application of microbiome-based therapeutics. Through conducting an extensive review on current evidence on the importance of the gut microbiome and the potential use of microbiome-based therapeutics in health and diseases, the experts' working group identified the unmet needs related to the use of microbiome-based therapeutics in the clinical settings in Asia and global contexts. Thirteen position statements were developed, including eight statements focusing on the role of the gut microbiome in health and disease pathogenesis, as well as six statements focusing on the potential clinical applications. A list of potential indications for microbiome-based therapeutics was also proposed based on current evidence and clinical experience. This paper is intended to serve as a reference that assists healthcare professionals in improving care for patients using microbiome-based therapeutics in Asia and globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":519879,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbes reports","volume":"2 1","pages":"2558575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12940230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method of oral delivery affects vitamin C-mediated alleviation of colitis in a mouse model.","authors":"Pi Westi Bondegaard, Katja Ann Kristensen, Khorshid Kamguyan, Jette Jakobsen, Vanessa Emily Rees, Mahdi Ghavami, Line Hagner Nielsen, Anja Boisen, Martin Iain Bahl, Tine Rask Licht, Martin Steen Mortensen","doi":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2549734","DOIUrl":"10.1080/29933935.2025.2549734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin C could be a potential candidate for antioxidant therapy in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, but efficient small intestinal absorption of vitamin C prevents it from reaching the colon, limiting the direct antioxidative effect on inflamed colonic tissue. We applied a colitis mouse model to compare three oral delivery strategies for high-dose vitamin C: dissolved in drinking water, mixed into peanut butter, and in colon-targeted microcontainers administered with peanut butter. Mice were administered dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce UC symptoms. Healthy control and DSS control groups were included. Alleviation of disease symptoms and microbial dysbiosis were assessed to elucidate the effects of encapsulation and stabilization of vitamin C during intestinal transit. Vitamin C in peanut butter, independent of microcontainers, alleviated UC symptoms. Administration in drinking water surprisingly exacerbated symptoms compared to the DSS control group. DSS-treatment caused an increased level of facultative anaerobes in the fecal microbial community that was not affected by vitamin C administration. Vitamin C partially reduces disease activity index in DSS-treated mice, when delivered in peanut butter, likely promoting vitamin C stability. Drinking water delivery did not support vitamin C-related alleviating effects. None of the evaluated delivery strategies affected the DSS-induced changes of the microbial community.</p>","PeriodicalId":519879,"journal":{"name":"Gut microbes reports","volume":"2 1","pages":"2549734"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12940098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}