Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region最新文献

{"title":"Society of Eastern Poland in Light of the Use of Hotels Providing Pro-Environmental Activities","authors":"A. Mazurek-Kusiak, B. Bednarska","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-18","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to analyse the attitudes of the society of Eastern Poland (Lublin voivodeship, Podkarpackie voivodeship and Podlaskie voivodeship) towards a range of hotels that declare the pro-ecological activities in their offer. Efforts have been made to identify barriers to higher prices for respondents from the surveyed regions as an increased cost of protecting the environment. The paper presents the hypothesis: on the market of accommodation services in Eastern Poland there are groups of tourists who, when booking an accommodation, pay attention to the environmental aspects of hotel operations, including the ISO 14001 certificate, an economical energy policy and a rational waste policy in the hotel. To achieve the intended purpose, the study used the method of a diagnostic survey with a research tool in the form of an original questionnaire that provided necessary data. The study was conducted from May to October 2017 among residents of Eastern Poland (0.02 % the population of residents in Lublin voivodeship, Podkarpackie voivodeship and Podlaskie voivodeship) using hotel accommodation services. The discriminant function analysis was used for statistical calculation. Among the population of Eastern Poland aged over 60, the interest in choosing a hotel that conducts pro-environmental activities is low. As many as 25.89 % of them are not able to pay a higher price for an accommodation in a hotel that conducts activities and investments in the field of environmental protection. This is mainly due to the low income of this social group. However, in groups of younger Poles from the Eastern Poland Region, the lower the age range, the fewer people would refuse to additionally pay for a service in a hotel that pursues pro-ecological policy. Eastern Poles up to 30 years old are more environmentally conscious. As many as 86.31 % of them are able to pay up higher price for a night in an eco-friendly hotel. At the same time, these people generate a greater demand for the services of ecological hotels. The significant statistical factors in choosing an eco-friendly hotel by guests from Eastern Poland were: the preparation of meals from organic products, running a cost-effective energy policy and having the ISO 14001 certificate. However, the statistically significant barriers were: low income related of consumers from Eastern Poland, lack of knowledge about environmental activities in hotels, no promotion of ecological hotels, to desire to purchase the cheapest accommodation by guests.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81098814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Роль человеческого капитала в цифровой экономике на институциональном и региональном уровнях","authors":"M. A. Eskindarov, Yu. M. Gruzina, Kh. P. Kharchilava, M. V. Melnichuk","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-10","url":null,"abstract":"The present article examines the role of human capital in Russia’s transition to a digital economy. In this context, it is necessary to establish new models of the functioning and development of the Russian national economy and increase digital literacy among the general population. We hypothesise that human capital plays an important role in the process of digitalisation of state institutions and commercial companies. Particular attention is paid to the effect of introducing mechanisms to support and promote private capital to advance regional development. The research aims to highlight the role of human capital as a driver of the national and regional economy in the transition to the post-industrial state. To this end, the following objectives were achieved: parameters of the sapio-economic system were identified, the obtained results were interpreted; the experience of public and private institutions in creating conditions for innovative development of human capital was analysed (both in private sectors and in social institutions). The research methodology includes various scientific methods — induction, deduction, abstraction — as well as econometric analysis techniques. The study reveals indicators of interdependence between human capital development and regional socio-economic growth. As a result, the paper described the tasks of educational institutions focused on developing necessary skills to ensure the operation of digital systems. Additionally, the research identified ways to advance the development of the domestic digital environment, including through the creation of personnel forecasting practices for high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries. Recommendations for the successful implementation of long-term programmes for innovative development of the digital environment were given. Thus, the conducted analysis confirmed the hypothesis that human capital is a necessary condition for the development of knowledge-intensive industries and an important factor in the creation of regional value added and formation of the gross regional product.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82855509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Maturity of Core Enterprises: Assessment and Impact on Territorial Development","authors":"O. Ovchinnikova, M. Kharlamov","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-20","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a significant number of studies on the development of single-industry towns and core enterprises, digital maturity of an enterprise and, subsequently, the impact of digital maturity of a core enterprise on the economic and social development of a territory remain an underdeveloped topic. Based on a hypothesis that digital maturity is a trigger for territorial development, this study assesses the digital maturity of core enterprises, i.e. their readiness to implement new technologies in all business processes for improving productivity and competitiveness. Digital maturity levels were determined according to the identification of strategic areas of activity, including unique technological competencies and personnel work. The proposed strategy for developing a new digital maturity model of enterprises takes into account the structure and content of existing models, since there are currently no best practices that can be scaled. In order to analyse digital maturity levels in detail, a survey of the expert community, as well interviews with digital transformation specialists were conducted. As a result, we constructed a digital maturity model of core enterprises that includes five levels, characterising organisational, production, human resources and external (impact on territorial development) processes. The parameter of the job creation multiplier was tested in the developed model. As a result, the conducted research confirmed the hypothesis that digital development of enterprises directly affects the territorial development. This, on the one hand, opens new opportunities for the socio-economic development of territories, and, on the other hand, places new demands on the digital infrastructure, quality of provided services, personnel competence, etc. The research results are of interest to state and local authorities, industry core enterprises, and the scientific community, as the obtained findings determine the prospects for studying digital maturity in relation to territorial and industrial development.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83559363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing the Volume of Agro-Industrial Production to Ensure Food Security and Increase the Export Potential of the Russian Agricultural Sector","authors":"I. Ushachev, V. V. Maslova, A. Kolesnikov","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-15","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the Russian agricultural sector aims to simultaneously achieve two priority goals: to ensure import substitution (or the country’s food security, taking into account rational consumption standards) and to increase exports of agricultural products and food. In this regard, the present study develops proposals for improving agricultural policy and linking these two tasks. The study analysed existing normative legal documents in the field of agricultural policy management and agricultural exports development, relevant foreign experience, as well as Russian and international statistics. It was revealed that an increase in agricultural food production and in the mass of commodities led to export growth. As a result, the negative balance of foreign trade in food decreased, and Russia became a net exporter in 2020-2021. The structure of agri-food exports was examined in order to identify the export potential. Approximately 1/3 of exported goods belong to the group of low-processed products, while only 15 % are highly processed products, which are characterised by a significant negative balance. Competitiveness of products, which plays the most important role in increasing exports, requires the development and implementation of domestic advanced scientific and technological solutions. According to the competitiveness assessment, Russia is a competitive supplier of a wide range of agri-food products, since the prices offered by Russian farmers and exporters are lower or comparable to the prices of major global exporters. Since export growth depends on an increase in agricultural food production, production growth opportunities were considered. The analysis of the consumer purchasing power and food consumption demonstrated their significant differentiation, both by decile groups and by place of residence. The presented findings can be used to improve agricultural policy and adjust state support for the agricultural industry aimed at its effective development.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72576674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Contribution of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises to the Output of the Cities of Republican Significance in Kazakhstan","authors":"N. Uruzbayeva","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-3-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-3-17","url":null,"abstract":"Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) development in the regions of Kazakhstan is characterised by substantial imbalances. The cities of republican significance — Nur-Sultan and Almaty — are leading in terms of SME performance indicators. However, the quantitative development of such enterprises in these cities does not always lead to a corresponding increase in their contribution to output. Meanwhile, literature lacks studies on this relationship and its causal analysis necessary to provide scientific substantiation of the state policy to support SME development in regions. The present article aims to assess the contribution of SMEs to the output of the cities of republican significance and find solutions to the problems hindering business development. It is hypothesised that there is a weak linear correlation between the number of operating SMEs and output in Nur-Sultan and Almaty. The study utilised the Pearson correlation method, comparative and causal analysis. The presence of a positive correlation between the number of operating SMEs and the production output in the studied regions was confirmed, although, according to the correlation coefficient value, this relationship is weak. The suboptimal structure of the SME sector, as well as the low labour productivity in small enterprises are the key reasons for the weak correlation. Recommendations to stimulate the activities of SMEs were formulated based on the analysis of hindering factors (including inefficient government support). It is concluded that the reduction of the SME sector due to the COVID-19 pandemic in some way positively affected the market, since ineffectively functioning entities were eliminated. Thus, the state should focus on the targeted support and directly stimulate strong players capable of self-renewal. The research results can be useful to the state and local authorities to create measures to support SMEs and regional business regulation policy.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72410319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional Infrastructure of Arctic Spatial-Economic Units","authors":"B. Krasnopolski","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-4","url":null,"abstract":"An important problem of the impact of institutional infrastructure on the decomposition and spatial development transformation of regions of various hierarchical ranks, including the Arctic zone that is divided between the Arctic countries according to the national principle, is insufficiently studied. The majority of scientific works devoted to this issue mostly focus on the traditional economic assessment of the sectoral effect of activities and the concept of spatial economics. Thus, methodological approaches to the study of infrastructure and institutional structure should not rely on the traditional principles of mainstream economics. Instead, they should be based on the system-evolutionary model of modern natural science and should be closely related to such an indicator of system development as self-organisation. Internal (endogenous) and external (exogenous) elements of infrastructure cause stability (order) and chaos (disorder) in the development of systems, as well as lead to the interrelated and balanced formation of hierarchical and heterarchical organisational models of regional spatial units. This methodological approach also applies to institutional infrastructure. The present study provides theoretical justifications and methodological approaches corresponding with the aforementioned principles of infrastructure research, designed for the regions of the Arctic basin. In terms of scientific practice, it is proved that the intensification of institutional infrastructure in the Pacific Arctic depends on the creation of the Russian-American Bering/Pacific-Arctic Council (BPAC). Various expert communities discussed these proposals at several international conferences. At present, however, their practical implementation became impossible due to complicated geopolitical situation. Despite this, it is necessary to continue research aimed at the improvement of institutional structures and coordination of interactions between the Arctic regions, especially in cross-border areas of neighbouring countries. The obtained findings will definitely be useful for the Arctic community, when a reasonable approach to this problem will again prevail over geopolitical disputes.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75027779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods for Evaluation of the Region’s Needs for Human Resources based on Statistics and Patent Landscapes","authors":"Y. Otmakhova, D. Devyatkin, I. Tikhomirov","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-19","url":null,"abstract":"Implementation of a new technological platform in Russia requires providing promising areas of professional qualification with human resources. Post-pandemic structural economic transformation has accelerated changes in the labour market and highlighted the need to develop new approaches and forecasting methods with the priorities of regional technological development. The study presents a methodology to reveal the regional demand for staffing based on the analysis of the factors affecting staff demands using structured and unstructured datasets. The study is focused on forecasting the region’s needs for human resources based on data mining and patent landscapes. That forecasting should consider the economic focus of a region as well as its location, investment and R&D development programme, labour market specificity. The advantage of the proposed methodology is obtaining reasonable estimates of the region’s needs for human resources with data mining and patent landscaping methods in conditions of limited official statistical data. Our database includes more than 25 million records: full-text collections of Russian and foreign patents, research papers, statistical indicators, etc. As a result, we identified promising training areas attractive for qualified personnel in the Vologda region corresponding with the priorities of regional technological development. The future development of this research is the improvement of the methodology for quantitative assessment of the regional need for professionals in particular industries. The obtained results can be useful to government bodies and research centres for the development of regional strategies.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74409070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electricity Consumption Growth in Russian Regions as a Factor of Their Socio-Economic Development","authors":"S. Nekrasov","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-15","url":null,"abstract":"The indicator of specific (per capita) electricity consumption (SEC) is stabilising in developed countries and increasing in developing economies. At least since the mid-2000s, the difference between the two groups of countries in terms of available power has been decreasing. In contrast to this trend, the transition of Russia to a market economy is characterised by the divergence of regions in terms of SEC. SEC of regions, being on average similar to that of the Netherlands, France, Germany, Great Britain, began to differ by 20 times. The technocenosis theory shows the need to change this negative trend. The low electricity consumption of developing countries depends on their inability to increase its production. In Russia, the problem is due to the low potential of the consumption sector, primarily in regions with SEC below 4 MWh/person per year. The solution of this macroeconomic problem, namely, the reduction of the existing differentiation in regional specific electricity consumption will help maintain the structural stability of the Russian economy and ensure its functioning in the context of external environment changes. Creation of conditions for the energy consumption development in industrial and agricultural enterprises is not a sectoral task of the electric power industry. Considering the sanctions imposed on Russia, structural stability of the national economy can be increased by improving the investment climate resulting from a decline in electricity prices for new non-residential consumers in regions with SEC below the level of developing countries. For these subsidy depending “outsider” regions, an increase in the availability of electricity, rather than the construction of new energy facilities, stimulates the labour productivity growth, re-industrialisation, and emergence of growth points.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77834064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Foreign Trade Development in the Digital Segment by World Regions","authors":"L. Shkvarya, E. D. Frolova","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-13","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign trade, affected by digitalisation, acquired new features, while its development led to a new redistribution of world regions. The present article aims to reveal specific features and emerging trends in the digital segment of foreign trade and identify leading regions and success factors. In this case, the digital segment includes ICT-equipment and ICT-services trade. UNCTAD statistics for 2000–2019 were examined using the methodology of foreign trade structural and comparative analysis. We hypothesise that there are different development stages in the digital segment of foreign trade characterised by changes of leading regions. In particular, three waves in the development of the digital segment of foreign trade, corresponding to different characteristics, were identified. In the third wave, the growth rate of digital turnover remained the same but its share in the total global turnover decreased. It was revealed that the share of the digital segment is higher than the share of merchandise trade in the countries of one region. Asia-Pacific Region replaced the USA (that moved from the 1st place in the first wave to the 5th position) as the leading region. China, specialising in the export of ICT-equipment, came out on top with the 27.1 % share of digital exports in the country’s total exports, increasing by 15.9 times in 20 years. Russia, whose specialisation is the export of ICT-services, is closer to the end of the top 50 ranking of countries in this segment; its negative foreign trade balance was also revealed. The obtained findings can be useful for specialists developing the foreign digital trade strategy of Russia. In order to increase the potential of national economies, including Russia, in the digital segment of foreign trade, further research should focus on ways to prevent their lagging behind the leaders.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77997077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumer Purchasing Behaviour during the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Case Study for Poland","authors":"M. Grzywińska-Rąpca","doi":"10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-21","url":null,"abstract":"With an increase in COVID-19 cases and introduction of studying and working from home, households have begun to change their priorities in shopping behaviours. The source of the data was a survey conducted at the beginning of April 2020. The aim of the study was: (1) to demonstrate changes in respondents’ behaviour in the purchasing process and (2) to identify factors determining changes in these behaviours. The paper verified that, in the conditions of the pandemic, consumer shopping behaviour focuses on health safety. From a set of variables containing subjective opinions of respondents regarding factors influencing changes in their purchasing habits, dimensional reduction was carried out using factor analysis. Isolated factors were used to model Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The obtained assessments of the quality of the models (Hoelter value, CMIN/DF, RMSEA and others) indicate that the proposed models meet statistical standards and acceptability criteria. The models highlight the following factors: safety when shopping, prudence and a desire to protect health. Therefore, the assumptions were corroborated, according to which in a time of crisis and uncertainty (a pandemic is such a time), psychological factors and assumptions of behavioural theories are gaining in importance. This paper aims to complement existing research. The data obtained from the survey concern the level and frequency of expenditure on different product groups. Previous research has focused primarily on the impact of the pandemic on the economic situation. This document focuses on non-economic factors determining changes in consumer behaviour.","PeriodicalId":51978,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Regiona-Economy of Region","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86850563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}