Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus最新文献

{"title":"Wrath of the Worms: Multimodal Imaging Depicting Disseminated Neuro-oculo-cysticercosis.","authors":"Vishal Sanjay Jadhav,Anup Kelgaonkar,Kasturi Shantaram Chavan","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20240814-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20240814-01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":519537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus","volume":"11 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Two Vision Therapy Approaches on Accommodative Insufficiency and Post-therapy Stability.","authors":"Prithwis Manna,Sourav Karmakar,Animesh Mondal,Puja Sarbajna,Gaurav Kumar Bhardwaj","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20240807-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20240807-01","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSETo evaluate the effect of the EYEPORT II vision training system (Bernell) on accommodation in cases of accommodative insufficiency.METHODSThe experimental study was conducted in a binocular vision clinic. Of 230 patients, 36 were eligible and willing to participate in office-based therapy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: control and EYEPORT. The control group received conventional therapy and the EYEPORT group received conventional therapy combined with the EYEPORT II vision training device. The therapy lasted for 1 hour daily over 6 days in a week, with 24 sessions administered over 4 weeks. Accommodative parameters were reevaluated 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 3 months after treatment.RESULTSThe study included 19 men and 17 women, with a median age of 27.50 years. After 24 sessions of vision therapy, accommodative parameters improved significantly, with more pronounced results compared with baseline measurements, as demonstrated by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P < .05). The Mann-Whitney U test indicated a significant (P < .05) improvement in treatment outcomes for the EYEPORT group using the EYEPORT device together with conventional therapy. The median accommodation amplitude increased by 6.95 diopters (D), the accommodation lag decreased by -0.25 D, the positive relative accommodation improved by -1.63 D, and the accommodative facility increased by 13 cycles/minute. After 3 months without therapy, the treatment outcome was maintained.CONCLUSIONSOffice-based vision therapy can effectively treat accommodative insufficiency. Both groups showed improvement in the accommodative amplitude and other parameters. The EYEPORT group was more stable at 3 months. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 20XX;XX(X):XXX-XXX.].","PeriodicalId":519537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus","volume":"109 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Quality, Reliability, and Popularity of Information About Retinoblastoma on YouTube.","authors":"Berkay Öner Karaca,Adem Tellioğlu","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20240807-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20240807-03","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSETo evaluate the quality, reliability, and popularity of YouTube videos addressing retinoblastoma.METHODSThis was a retrospective, cross-sectional, register-based study. A YouTube search was performed using the keyword retinoblastoma and the first 100 videos that came out were included in the study. Duplicate videos, videos that were not in English, and videos that were less than 1 minute were excluded. The number of views, likes, dislikes, comments, video type (uploaded by physicians, uploaded by public or private institution, uploaded by health channel or uploaded by patients), and country of origin were evaluated for all videos. The popularity of the videos was evaluated with the Video Power Index. The quality of the videos was measured using the DISCERN score (DISCERN), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, and Global Quality Score (GQS).RESULTSOf the 100 videos, 70 videos met the criteria and were included in the study. The mean DISCERN, JAMA, and GQS scores were 42.54 ± 18.77, 2.14 ± 1.03, 2.87 ± 1.42 and 2.99 ± 1.44, respectively. On examining the upload source 18 (25.7%) videos were uploaded by private institutions, 15 (21.4%) videos by physicians, 14 (20.0%) videos by public institutions, 14 (20.0%) videos by health channels, and 9 (12.9%) videos by patients. There was a significant level of agreement between the two commentators evaluating the videos with a power of 91.6% (kappa score: 0.916). Videos uploaded by physicians and public or private institutions had significantly higher DISCERN, JAMA, and GQS scores.CONCLUSIONSThe content of YouTube videos regarding retinoblastoma is generally of moderate quality for patients. Increasing the number of videos uploaded by physicians and public or private institutions will increase the quality, reliability, and informative value of the videos. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 20XX;X(X):XXX-XXX.].","PeriodicalId":519537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hearing Evaluations in Children With Retinoblastoma Treated With Intra-arterial Carboplatin Chemotherapy: A Single Institution Review.","authors":"Mary Elizabeth Davis,Edith Guarini,Kerri O'Connor,Jasmine H Francis,David H Abramson","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20240807-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20240807-02","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSETo determine whether the administration of intra-arterial carboplatin affected the hearing of children with retinoblastoma.METHODSChildren with retinoblastoma who were treated with intra-arterial carboplatin chemotherapy were included. Hearing tests before chemotherapy including tympanometry, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, and audiogram (if achievable) were performed and repeated 3 to 9 months after concluding intra-arterial therapy. The study was approved by the institutional review board. Patients were identified from the retinoblastoma clinic when the treatment plan included intra-arterial carboplatin chemotherapy. Children were excluded if they had previous intra-arterial carboplatin or preexisting hearing loss but were included if they had systemic carboplatin and dosing was available. Tympanometry was performed to rule out inner ear fluid. All examinations were performed by a certified audiologist with the same equipment, calibrated regularly by a certified technician.RESULTSTwenty-two children (32 eyes) were evaluable. Because most children are diagnosed at a young age and are unable to participate in an audiogram, distortion product otoacoustic emission measurement was the primary measurement. No child displayed hearing loss.CONCLUSIONSIntra-arterial chemotherapy with carboplatin did not cause ototoxicity in any child by distortion product otoacoustic emission measurement in contrast to systemic chemotherapy where ototoxicity is common. Distortion product otoacoustic emission levels were essentially unchanged from before to after intra-arterial chemotherapy in children with retinoblastoma. These findings suggest that intra-arterial carboplatin does not affect outer hair cell function, and distortion product otoacoustic emission tests can provide useful information when monitoring children at risk of developing carboplatin ototoxicity. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 20XX;X(X):XXX-XXX.].","PeriodicalId":519537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus","volume":"59 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Structural and Functional Retinal Changes in Children With Intermittent Exotropia Versus Healthy Children","authors":"Weam Mohamed Ebeid, MD, Mona Kamal Abdellatif, MD, Noha Mohsen Samak, MD, FRCS (Glasgow)","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20240403-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20240403-02","url":null,"abstract":"<section><h3>Purpose:</h3><p>To detect structural and functional changes in children with intermittent exotropia using optical coherence tomography, pattern electroretinography (ERG), and multifocal ERG.</p></section><section><h3>Methods:</h3><p>The study included 26 patients with intermittent exotropia and 26 healthy individuals matched for age and sex with a mean age of 9.23 and 11.20 years in the intermittent exotropia and control groups, respectively (<i>P</i> = .310). All patients underwent full ophthalmic examination including measurement of the angle of strabismus at near and far, and assessment of the macula and optic nerve using optical coherence tomography, pattern ERG, and multifocal ERG.</p></section><section><h3>Results:</h3><p>All patients had 6/6 best corrected visual acuity with no fixation preference. A significantly prolonged P and N wave latency was found in all measured rings of multifocal ERG of patients with intermittent exotropia, P wave amplitude was lower in rings 1 and 5, and N wave amplitude was lower in rings 1 and 2. Regarding pattern ERG, the amplitude of P50 wave was lower and N95 latency was prolonged in the intermittent exotropia group. The upper and lower ganglion cell complex and the superior retinal nerve fiber layer were significantly thinner in the intermittent exotropia group compared to controls.</p></section><section><h3>Conclusions:</h3><p>Children with intermittent exotropia without any associated amblyopia or refractive error showed a subnormal pattern and multifocal ERG response in addition to a thinner ganglion cell layer and retinal nerve fiber layer compared to normal controls. This signifies that subtle structural and functional retinal changes are found in patients with intermittent exotropia.</p><p><strong>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 20XX;X(X):XXX–XXX.]</strong></p></section>","PeriodicalId":519537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140801605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Pediatric Vision Care: Insights from Five Years of Referral Cases in the UCI Eye Mobile and Implications of COVID-19","authors":"Elliot H. Choi, MD, PhD, John D. Hong, BS, Susie Suh, MD, PhD, Carolline Rodrigues Menezes, MD, Kimberly R. Walker, OD, Joseph Bui, OD, Annabelle Storch, OD, Diana Torres, BA, Jennifer Espinoza, BA, Kourosh Shahraki, MD, Iliana Molina, PhD, Donny W. Suh, MD","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20240314-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20240314-01","url":null,"abstract":"<section><h3>Purpose:</h3><p>To analyze referral rates, patient demographics, referral indications, and the impact of socioeconomic factors on ocular health from the University of California Irvine (UCI) Eye Mobile for Children, particularly during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.</p></section><section><h3>Methods:</h3><p>A retrospective chart review was performed on de-identified records of children examined on the UCI Eye Mobile. GraphPad Prism 10.0.0 and Python software were used for statistical analyses.</p></section><section><h3>Results:</h3><p>In the academic years from 2018 to 2022, 3,619 children received comprehensive eye examinations on the UCI Eye Mobile. Among them, 76 were referred to a pediatric ophthalmologist. The majority of these children were Hispanic (72.6%, 54 of 74), followed by Asian (10.9%, 8 of 74). A significant proportion (82.9%, 63 of 76) attended school districts with median incomes below that of Orange County. Statistically significant differences were found in age (<i>P</i> = .001; pre-COVID: 3.98 ± 1.08 years vs COVID: 5.75 ± 2.92 years) and gender (<i>P</i> = .023; pre-COVID female: 31 of 41 vs COVID female: 15 of 32) between the pre-COVID and COVID years. Additionally, there were significant differences in the proportion of children with hyperopia with astigmatism between the pre-COVID and COVID years (<i>P</i> = .044; pre-COVID: 23 of 40 vs COVID: 12 of 35). The most common indications for ophthalmologist referrals were for strabismus evaluation/treatment (28.9%, 22 of 76), followed by abnormal cup-to-disc ratio (21.1%, 16 of 76).</p></section><section><h3>Conclusions:</h3><p>The study highlights the pivotal role of the UCI Eye Mobile for children in identifying ocular conditions needing referrals to subspecialty care. The majority of children needing these referrals attended schools in lower economic communities. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic appears to have influenced the demographic and clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 20XX:X(X):XXX–XXX.]</strong></p></section>","PeriodicalId":519537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140801604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Performance of Chatbots and the AAPOS Website as a Tool for Amblyopia Education","authors":"Levent Doğan, MD, Gazi Bekir Özçakmakcı, MD, Ĭbrahim Edhem Yılmaz, MD","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20240409-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20240409-01","url":null,"abstract":"<section><h3>Purpose:</h3><p>To evaluate the understandability, actionability, and readability of responses provided by the website of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS), ChatGPT-3.5, Bard, and Bing Chat about amblyopia and the appropriateness of the responses generated by the chatbots.</p></section><section><h3>Method:</h3><p>Twenty-five questions provided by the AAPOS website were directed three times to fresh ChatGPT-3.5, Bard, and Bing Chat interfaces. Two experienced pediatric ophthalmologists categorized the responses of the chatbots in terms of their appropriateness. Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Flesch Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and Coleman-Liau Index (CLI) were used to evaluate the readability of the responses of the AAPOS website and chatbots. Furthermore, the understandability scores were evaluated using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT).</p></section><section><h3>Results:</h3><p>The appropriateness of the chatbots' responses was 84.0% for ChatGPT-3.5 and Bard and 80% for Bing Chat (<i>P</i> &gt; .05). For understandability (mean PEMAT-U score AAPOS website: 81.5%, Bard: 77.6%, ChatGPT-3.5: 76.1%, and Bing Chat: 71.5%, <i>P</i> &lt; .05) and actionability (mean PEMAT-A score AAPOS website: 74.6%, Bard: 69.2%, ChatGPT-3.5: 67.8%, and Bing Chat: 64.8%, <i>P</i> &lt; .05), the AAPOs website scored better than the chat-bots. Three readability analyses showed that Bard had the highest mean score, followed by the AAPOS website, Bing Chat, and ChatGPT-3.5, and these scores were more challenging than the recommended level.</p></section><section><h3>Conclusions:</h3><p>Chatbots have the potential to provide detailed and appropriate responses at acceptable levels. The AAPOS website has the advantage of providing information that is more understandable and actionable. The AAPOS website and chatbots, especially Chat-GPT, provided difficult-to-read data for patient education regarding amblyopia.</p><p><strong>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 20XX;X(X):XXX–XXX.]</strong></p></section>","PeriodicalId":519537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140801606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amniotic Membrane Augmentation for Enucleation After Chemotherapy in Retinoblastoma","authors":"Aparna Ramasubramanian, MD, Nisha S. Rehman, MD, Argudit Chauhan, BS, Aurora Rodriguez, BS, Amy Leverant, MD, Nishant Tiwari, MD","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20240307-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20240307-01","url":null,"abstract":"<section><h3>Purpose:</h3><p>To describe amniotic membrane augmentation for enucleation after chemotherapy in retinoblastoma.</p></section><section><h3>Methods:</h3><p>This was a retrospective study of patients with retinoblastoma who underwent enucleation. The study also evaluated the utility of amniotic membrane grafting in enucleation after chemotherapy in eyes with retinoblastoma.</p></section><section><h3>Results:</h3><p>In this study, 110 eyes of 107 patients were analyzed, and 49 patients had previous systemic chemotherapy, 13 eyes had previous intra-arterial chemotherapy, and 7 eyes had external beam radiation. Amniotic graft was used in 8 eyes (5 following IAC, 2 following systemic chemotherapy, and 1 after both). After IAC, 3 of 7 eyes without amniotic graft had implant exposure compared to 0 of 6 eyes with amniotic graft (<i>P</i> = .05). Pathological examination of the conjunctiva after intra-arterial chemotherapy showed goblet cell hypoplasia that hinders wound healing.</p></section><section><h3>Conclusions:</h3><p>Amniotic membrane augmentation improves wound integrity in patients with retinoblastoma, especially following intra-arterial chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 20XX;X(X):XXX–XXX.]</strong></p></section>","PeriodicalId":519537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140801607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Economic Factors Impacting the Viability of Pediatric Ophthalmology.","authors":"Karen E Lee,&nbsp;Jake A Sussberg,&nbsp;Leonard B Nelson,&nbsp;Tobin Thuma","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20220817-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20220817-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To create a survey that assesses the economic factors impacting the viability of pediatric ophthalmology between January 2021 and July 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 12-question survey was distributed to United States-based pediatric ophthalmologists on the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus discussion board and various social media fora. Demographic, economic, and workforce pattern data were collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 243 pediatric ophthalmologists completed the survey. One hundred seven (44.0%) respondents reported a surgical revenue decrease between 10% and 25%, 117 (48.1%) a clinical revenue decrease of less than 10%, 111 (45.6%) an overall income decrease of less than 10%, and 127 (52.2%) an overhead cost increase between 10% and 25%. Seventy-two (29.6%) respondents reported subsidizing income with pursuits outside of pediatric ophthalmology, 27 (11.1%) stopped operating due to reimbursement cuts, 75 (30.8%) limited the number of Medicaid or other public funded patients, 16 (6.5%) retired in the past 3 years, and 92 (37.8%) would not recommend a resident pursue a pediatric ophthalmology fellowship.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a potential upheaval in the field of pediatric ophthalmology marked by increasing levels of disillusionment among current providers, a progressive decline in the number of trainees pursuing fellowship programs, and workforce issues suggestive of diversification of practice patterns outside of pediatric ophthalmology. The current economic crisis, in conjunction with these complex workforce issues, is and will continue to create a shortage of practicing pediatric ophthalmologists, seriously limiting access to pediatric and adult strabismus eye care. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 2022;59(6):362-368.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":519537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"362-368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40722845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Descriptive Analysis of Pediatric Ophthalmology Fellowship Program Directors.","authors":"Tommy Bui,&nbsp;Hannah Wilkey,&nbsp;Parth A Patel,&nbsp;Prem N Patel,&nbsp;Harris Ahmed","doi":"10.3928/01913913-20220921-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3928/01913913-20220921-02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is limited literature on the characteristics of pediatric ophthalmology leadership. The authors examined the demographics, academic backgrounds, and scholarly output of pediatric ophthalmology fellowship program directors. Despite a positive trend in gender equity in this position, efforts remain to resolve the \"leaky pipeline\" of women into ophthalmology leadership. <b>[<i>J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus</i>. 2022;59(6):e69-e72.]</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":519537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus","volume":" ","pages":"e69-e72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40710172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}