The Review of scientific instruments最新文献

{"title":"Simulations of neutral beam injection and ion cyclotron resonance heating synergy in high power EAST scenarios.","authors":"D K Yang,&nbsp;L Y Liao,&nbsp;Y H Li,&nbsp;G Q Zhong,&nbsp;X J Zhang,&nbsp;W Zhang,&nbsp;B L Hao,&nbsp;L Q Hu,&nbsp;B N Wan,&nbsp;Z M Hu,&nbsp;Y M Zhang,&nbsp;G Gorini,&nbsp;M Nocente,&nbsp;M Tardocchi,&nbsp;X Q Li,&nbsp;C J Xiao,&nbsp;T S Fan","doi":"10.1063/5.0101645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0101645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The EAST plasmas heated with deuterium neutral beam injection and ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) have been simulated by the TRANSP code. The analysis has been conducted using the full wave solver TORIC5, the radio frequency (RF)-kick operator, and NUBEAM to model the RF heating effects on fast ion velocity distribution. In this work, we present several simulated results compared with experiments for high power EAST scenarios, indicating that the interactions between ICRH and fast ions can significantly accelerate fast ions, which are confirmed by the increased neutron yield and broadened neutron emission spectrum measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":519534,"journal":{"name":"The Review of scientific instruments","volume":" ","pages":"113501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40548154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Monte Carlo method for Rayleigh scattering in liquid detectors.","authors":"Miao Yu,&nbsp;Wenjie Wu,&nbsp;Yayun Ding,&nbsp;Qian Liu,&nbsp;Feng Ren,&nbsp;Zhenyu Zhang,&nbsp;Xiang Zhou","doi":"10.1063/5.0119224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0119224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new Monte Carlo method has been implemented to describe the angular and polarization distributions of anisotropic liquids, such as water and linear alkylbenzene (LAB), by considering orientational fluctuations of polarizability tensors. The scattered light of anisotropic liquids is depolarized with an angular distribution of 1 + (1 - ρ_v)/(1 + 3ρ_v) cos² θ, which is modified by the depolarization ratio ρ_v. A standalone experiment has validated the simulation results of LAB. The new method can provide more accurate knowledge on light propagation in large liquid detectors, which is beneficial to the development of reconstruction for detectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":519534,"journal":{"name":"The Review of scientific instruments","volume":" ","pages":"113102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40549662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and evaluation of a light-field multi-wavelength pyrometer.","authors":"Shengxian Shi,&nbsp;Linlin Sun,&nbsp;Yinsen Luan,&nbsp;Rui Wang,&nbsp;T H New","doi":"10.1063/5.0119009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0119009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This letter describes the design and implementation of a multi-wavelength light-field pyrometer, where six-channel radiation images were captured with one CMOS sensor. Such capability is achieved by placing a 2 × 3 filter array in front of the main lens of an unfocused light-field camera, such that discrete wavelength and radiation intensity can be simultaneously recorded. It demonstrates that through black-body furnace experiments, how multi-channel radiation images can be extracted from one raw light-field multispectral image, and how accurate 2D temperature distribution can be recovered by optimization algorithms.</p>","PeriodicalId":519534,"journal":{"name":"The Review of scientific instruments","volume":" ","pages":"114901"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40558019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and characterization of a recoil ion momentum spectrometer for investigating molecular fragmentation dynamics upon MeV energy ion impact ionization.","authors":"Avijit Duley,&nbsp;Rohit Tyagi,&nbsp;Sandeep B Bari,&nbsp;A H Kelkar","doi":"10.1063/5.0109415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0109415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present the development and performance of a newly built recoil ion momentum spectrometer to study the fragmentation dynamics of ionized molecules. The spectrometer is based on the two-stage Wiley-McLaren geometry and satisfies both time and velocity focusing conditions. An electrostatic lens has been introduced in the drift region to achieve velocity imaging and higher angular collection. The spectrometer is equipped with a 2D position-sensitive detector with multi-hit coincidence electronics. Ionic fragments with kinetic energy ∼8 eV can be detected with 4π collection. The overall performance of the spectrometer has been tested by carrying out three-dimensional ion imaging measurements for diatomic (N₂) and polyatomic (CH₂Cl₂) molecules under the impact of 1 MeV protons. Three-dimensional momentum and kinetic energy release distributions were derived from the measured position and time-of-flight spectra. The observed features of the various fragmentation channels as well as the measured kinetic energy release distributions are in complete agreement with the available data.</p>","PeriodicalId":519534,"journal":{"name":"The Review of scientific instruments","volume":" ","pages":"113308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40558027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel method and instrument for temperature-dependent tensile test of metallic materials without thermometers.","authors":"Yuyang Hua,&nbsp;Shuo Li,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Wang,&nbsp;Chunqing He","doi":"10.1063/5.0107213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0107213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel method for measuring temperature and conducting tensile tests of metallic wires at elevated temperatures is presented. Ohmic heating is used to elevate the sample temperature with a uniform distribution, which could vary from room temperature to its melting point. The temperatures of the wires in steady states are determined by using a heat transfer model without measuring directly by thermometers, which reduces the error introduced by contact temperature measurement or optical pyrometers. This technique for temperature measurement can be applied to measuring temperature-dependent electrical resistivity and conducting temperature-dependent tensile tests of metallic materials. A low-cost instrument was designed to conduct the tensile tests. In this work, temperature-dependent Young's modulus, tensile strength at break, and the steady-state creep rate of 99.994%-pure Pb wires were further determined as applications of the tensile tests. The results show that the proposed method is valid and very useful for conducting temperature-dependent tensile tests of metallic materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":519534,"journal":{"name":"The Review of scientific instruments","volume":" ","pages":"115104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40570017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptual design of a heavy ion beam probe for the QUEST spherical tokamak.","authors":"T Ido,&nbsp;M Hasegawa,&nbsp;R Ikezoe,&nbsp;T Onchi,&nbsp;K Hanada,&nbsp;H Idei,&nbsp;K Kuroda,&nbsp;Y Nagashima","doi":"10.1063/5.0101770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0101770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A heavy ion beam probe (HIBP) has been designed for the QUEST spherical tokamak to measure plasma turbulence and the profiles of electric potential profiles. Using a cesium ion beam with an energy of several 10 keV, the observable region covers most of the upper half of the plasma. Although the probe beam is deflected by the poloidal magnetic field produced by plasma current and poloidal coil currents, it can be detected under plasma current up to 150 kA by modifying the trajectories with two electrostatic sweepers. According to the numerical estimation of the intensity of the detected beam, sufficient signal intensity for measuring plasma turbulence can be obtained over almost the measurable area when the electron density is up to 1 × 10¹⁹ m^-3, which is larger than the cut-off density of electron cyclotron heating in QUEST. The performance of the designed HIBP is sufficient to explore the mechanisms of heat and particle transport in magnetically confined plasmas, including the influence of plasma wall interactions, which is a goal of the QUEST project.</p>","PeriodicalId":519534,"journal":{"name":"The Review of scientific instruments","volume":" ","pages":"113516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40570018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring non-specific adsorption at solid-liquid interfaces by supercritical angle fluorescence microscopy.","authors":"Aaron Au,&nbsp;Man Ho,&nbsp;Aaron R Wheeler,&nbsp;Christopher M Yip","doi":"10.1063/5.0111787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0111787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Supercritical angle fluorescence (SAF) microscopy is a novel imaging tool based on the use of distance-dependent fluorophore emission patterns to provide accurate locations of fluorophores relative to a surface. This technique has been extensively used to construct accurate cellular images and to detect surface phenomena in a static environment. However, the capability of SAF microscopy in monitoring dynamic surface phenomena and changes in millisecond intervals is underexplored in the literature. Here, we report on a hardware add-on for a conventional inverted microscope coupled with a post-processing Python module that extends the capability of SAF microscopy to monitor dynamic surface adsorption in sub-second intervals, thereby greatly expanding the potential of this tool to study surface interactions, such as surface fouling and competitive surface adhesion. The Python module enables researchers to automatically extract SAF profiles from each image. We first assessed the performance of the system by probing the specific binding of biotin-fluorescein conjugates to a neutravidin-coated cover glass in the presence of non-binding fluorescein. The SAF emission was observed to increase with the quantity of bound fluorophore on the cover glass. However, a high concentration of unbound fluorophore also contributed to overall SAF emission, leading to over-estimation in surface-bound fluorescence. To expand the applications of SAF in monitoring surface phenomena, we monitored the non-specific surface adsorption of BSA and non-ionic surfactants on a Teflon-AF surface. Solution mixtures of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and nine Pluronic/Tetronic surfactants were exposed to a Teflon-AF surface. No significant BSA adsorption was observed in all BSA-surfactant solution mixtures with negligible SAF intensity. Finally, we monitored the adsorption dynamics of BSA onto the Teflon-AF surface and observed rapid BSA adsorption on Teflon-AF surface within 10 s of addition. The adsorption rate constant (k_a) and half-life of BSA adsorption on Teflon-AF were determined to be 0.419 ± 0.004 s^-1 and 1.65 ± 0.016 s, respectively, using a pseudo-first-order adsorption equation.</p>","PeriodicalId":519534,"journal":{"name":"The Review of scientific instruments","volume":" ","pages":"113707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40570489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D metal powder additive manufacturing phased array antenna for multichannel Doppler reflectometer.","authors":"T Tokuzawa,&nbsp;T Nasu,&nbsp;S Inagaki,&nbsp;C Moon,&nbsp;T Ido,&nbsp;H Idei,&nbsp;A Ejiri,&nbsp;R Imazawa,&nbsp;M Yoshida,&nbsp;N Oyama,&nbsp;K Tanaka,&nbsp;K Ida","doi":"10.1063/5.0101723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0101723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measuring the time variation of the wavenumber spectrum of turbulence is important for understanding the characteristics of high-temperature plasmas, and the application of a Doppler reflectometer with simultaneous multi-frequency sources is expected. To implement this diagnostic in future fusion devices, the use of a phased array antenna (PAA) that can scan microwave beams without moving antennas is recommended. Since the frequency-scanning waveguide leaky-wave antenna-type PAA has a complex structure, we have investigated its characteristics by modeling it with 3D metal powder additive manufacturing (AM). First, a single waveguide is fabricated to understand the characteristics of 3D AM techniques, and it is clear that there are differences in performance depending on the direction of manufacture and surface treatment. Then, a PAA is made, and it is confirmed that the beam can be emitted in any direction by frequency scanning. The plasma flow velocity can be measured by applying the 3D manufacturing PAA to plasma measurement.</p>","PeriodicalId":519534,"journal":{"name":"The Review of scientific instruments","volume":" ","pages":"113535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40570521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outstation for x-ray powder diffraction at the Italian beamline at the European synchrotron.","authors":"G O Lepore,&nbsp;S Checchia,&nbsp;T Baroni,&nbsp;M Brunelli,&nbsp;F d'Acapito","doi":"10.1063/5.0107024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0107024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>LISA [Linea Italiana per la Spettroscopia di Assorbimento X, Italian beamline for X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS)] is the Italian CRG (Collaborating Research Group) beamline at the ESRF (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility) dedicated to XAS [d'Acapito et al., J. Synchrotron Radiat. 26, 551-558 (2019)]. In this work, a methodical test of the LISA beamline in performing diffraction measurements is carried out. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements would complement absorption spectroscopy techniques with the long-range characterization of the material under investigation, while XAS provides the short-range element selective information.</p>","PeriodicalId":519534,"journal":{"name":"The Review of scientific instruments","volume":" ","pages":"113903"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40570486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A compact mesoband microwave radiation system.","authors":"Zhaoyang Wu,&nbsp;Gang Xu,&nbsp;Wei Lu,&nbsp;Enyan Ding,&nbsp;Jinqi Zhang","doi":"10.1063/5.0102328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0102328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A compact mesoband radiation system is designed and tested. The system is composed of a charging power supply, a Marx generator, a switched quarter-wavelength oscillator, and a circularly polarized patch antenna. The Marx generator outputs a fast high-voltage pulse with a rise time of 10 ns and an amplitude of 100 kV, which is used to charge the oscillator. The oscillator consists of a quarter-wavelength coaxial transmission line, a ring ground switch, and a coupler. It generates a mesoband oscillation pulse with a center frequency of 350 MHz and a percentage bandwidth of 10%. The oscillation pulse is radiated by the circularly polarized patch antenna. The measured radiation factor is greater than 50 kV, and the radiation waveform is consistent with the simulation waveform.</p>","PeriodicalId":519534,"journal":{"name":"The Review of scientific instruments","volume":" ","pages":"114707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40570487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}