Australasian Journal of Water Resources最新文献

{"title":"An evaluation of a multi-day rainfall – runoff volume – peak discharge transform for flood frequency estimation","authors":"I. Brodie","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2020.1821488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2020.1821488","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new method to estimate design discharge quantiles is described based on converting multi-day rainfall P to flood event runoff RO, factored to generate discharge Q. The so-called PROQ transfer function is founded on simple flood volume-peak and GRADEX rainfall-runoff tanh relationships. Performance testing of PROQ, in both at-site and regional design flood contexts up to 1 in 100 annual exceedance probability, was made using south east Queensland streamgauge data. A statistical comparison against proven methods showed that the PROQ transform has significant potential as an alternative for design flood estimation. An example of how PROQ can be used within a design flood framework and recommendations for further enhancement are provided. Abbreviations: AEP: Annual exceedance probability; AMS: Annual maximum series, extracted from the flood record at a gauge site; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; ARR: Australian Rainfall and Runoff guidelines; A-S: At-site. Describes a set of methods to estimate design flood quantiles by statistical analysis of the flood record at an individual gauge site; E: Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency; FFA: Flood frequency analysis; G-B: Multiple Grubbs-Beck test recommended by ARR 2019 for low flow censoring. Used for at-site flood frequency analysis; GEV: General extreme value probability distribution; GRADEX: Gradient of extreme values. Design flood probability concept originating in France based on parallelism of rainfall and runoff quantile curves; L: Retention of rainfall within the catchment during flood event, expressed as a depth; LP3: Log Pearson 3 probability distribution; P: Rainfall depth; PRM: Probabilistic Rational Method. An ARR method for ungauged, undeveloped Australian catchments superseded in 2016; PROQ: Transfer function based on converting P to RO and then factoring RO to estimate Q; PW: Palmen and Weeks. Regional method for ungauged, undeveloped Queensland catchments developed by Palmen and Weeks (2011); R: Retention curve number. Used in probabilistic charting of design floods based on PROQ; RE: Absolute relative error; REG: Regional. Describes a set of methods to estimate design flood quantiles using information obtained from at-site analyses of several representative catchments within a region; RO: Flood event runoff depth; SR30: Strike rate of estimates within ±30% tolerance.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2020.1821488","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43906006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional analysis of PROQ transforms for flood frequency estimation based on GRADEX principles","authors":"I. Brodie","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2020.1824368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2020.1824368","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The PROQ transform which converts rainfall P to runoff RO, then factored to produce peak discharge Q, can be used for regional design flood estimation. SPEED, a French method based on GRADEX principles is a PROQ transform. 1 in 100 annual exceedance probability discharges was estimated using SPEED for 40 Australian non-urban catchments. Inputs are catchment area and areal design rainfall depth. The SPEED transform involves three constant parameters: scaling factor a, non-linearity b and retention L. SPEED was found to be simple and effective (Nash-Sutcliffe E = 0.82). A local version of SPEED produced a similar performance (E = 0.74). A general form of PROQ was developed to explain similarities with other models such as the Probabilistic Rational Method and to develop the local SPEED transform. Gauge sites can be grouped based on a and L ‘bins’, using site-based mean values of these parameters. A PROQ model using two a bins and two L bins significantly enhanced predictive accuracy (E = 0.92).","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2020.1824368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42288864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods for regional calibration - a case study using the TopNet hydrological model for the Bay of Plenty region, New Zealand","authors":"S. Singh, Julien Augas, M. Pahlow, S. Graham","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2020.1821487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2020.1821487","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The regional parameters can be derived from physiographic factors such as topography, soil type, and vegetation. In this study the suitability of five regional parameterisation methods was investigated and assessed to provide guidance on how to select optimal parameter sets. The overarching goal was to improve the accuracy of a hydrological model when applied at the regional scale. The regional parameterisation techniques assessed were: 1) averaging of optimal parameter sets of gauged catchments, 2) calibrating several catchments with a regional performance efficiency, 3) weighted average performance criterion for calibration, 4) largest number of positive Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients and 5) a Bayesian parameter selection method. The parameterisation methods were assessed by applying TopNet in sixteen gauged catchments in the Bay of Plenty region on the North Island of New Zealand, to then predict flows for five test catchments. It was shown that any of the five regionalisation methods considered improved flow predictions of Mean Annual Low Flow when compared to applying the same model with a prescribed spatially distributed set of the key model parameter. The improvement was less pronounced for mean flow and high flow, regardless of the method used and was linked to the hydrogeology class of the catchments.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2020.1821487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45186770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water management beyond the fortressed COVID-19 world: considerations for the long-term","authors":"K. Daniell","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2020.1844496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2020.1844496","url":null,"abstract":"2020 has been a year many of us may prefer not to remember. For a large but sparsely populated region, Australasia has so far been partially spared the levels of direct human devastation from COVID...","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2020.1844496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49523282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water resource management strategy for urban water purposes in Dili Municipality, Timor-Leste","authors":"Aderita Mariana Takeleb, J. Sujono, R. Jayadi","doi":"10.1080/13241583.2020.1783492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2020.1783492","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There are various factors in Dili’s water system responsible for the water scarcity problem in the city. Hence, there is a need for strategic plans which could be used as guidelines in improving its water system. The objective of this study was to formulate a strategic plan for water resource management in Dili. The process commenced with the identification of external and internal factors. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to weight the score at the input stage. The alternative strategies were formulated with the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) matrix. Furthermore, the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) was used to select the priority strategy at the decision stage. Based on the results, a total of 13 internal and 13 external factors were identified, while five alternative strategies formulated. Moreover, the selected strategy as the priority for implementation has the capacity of developing the water resource management infrastructure in Dili, as well as improving the water supply system performance in meeting the urban water demand.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13241583.2020.1783492","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48596626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquifer Characterization: The Case of Hawassa City Aquifer","authors":"Shemsu Gulta, B. Abate","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91211","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogeologists and other water experts agree on that the effective groundwater management requires: firstly, a good understanding of the aquifer system; secondly, identification of practical measures to control abstraction; and thirdly, improvement in groundwater resource through artificial recharge. A 16 years’ pumping test and drilling lithology data and productive 29 wells were used to characterize the aquifer parameters of the Hawassa City, Ethiopia. The aquifer system was characterized physically, potentially, spatially, quantitatively, and qualitatively using AquiferTest software by applying Moench method to pumping test response data considering the basic assumptions in the model. Weathered and fractured pumice, basalt Scoriaceous rocks, fine-to-coarse-grained sand, and weathered ignimbrites are major water-bearing formations found from the analysis. High porosity and permeability due to these fractures are found to be a risk for the easy contamination of the ground water from surface wastes especially at the shallow aquifer water areas. Spatially, the southern corner and the lake shore of the city were identified as a huge potential area. Percentage of recovery results are 95–100% and transmissivity varies from 4.77 × 10−4 m2/s to 1.75 × 101 m2/s. This follows the general pattern of increasing value from east to west, that is, the value increases from the upper part of the basin to the lower. Moreover, the annual ground flow vector map of the area was developed using static water level data to see the direction of subsurface flow in the area. Accordingly, a large magnitude of water flowing from the central and west directions to the lake shore is identified showing similar profile with the surface flow.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85886104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Availability of Water in Chile: A Regional View from a Geographical Perspective","authors":"J. L. Parra, Manuel Pulido Fernández, J. G. Velarde","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92169","url":null,"abstract":"Chile is famous for being the longest country in the world from north to south. It means it ranges from polar to desert conditions, water being one of the main limiting factors. In fact, Chile stores a high amount of water (695 mm y−1), but people are not located in the regions where water is more abundant (e.g. in the south). This territorial imbalance is accompanied both by a global context of climate change in which water will be presumably scarcer and by the effects of the current economic activities that are progressively more demanding in water consumption. In this work, we have compared both the current and future availabilities of water for the different regions of Chile in order to provide relevant and useful information on the water balance for land planners. The Metropolitan and Valparaíso regions (Mediterranean climate) along Antofagasta, Atacama, and Tarapacá regions (desert climate) showed the lowest mean values of water availability from 1970 to 2000 (<125 m3 person y−1). In addition, both the optimistic and pessimistic projections for 2050 forecast a significant increase in the aridity of these two central regions, where the crucial axis between the two most important cities (Santiago and Valparaíso) is located.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87435853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GIS and Statistical Evaluation of Fluoride Content in Southern Part of Upper Rasyan Aquifer, Taiz, Yemen","authors":"R. Naser, Mohammed Bakkali, D. Belghyti","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91329","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorosis continues to be an endemic problem in Yemen. More areas are being affected by fluorosis in different parts of this country. The present study aims to identify the intensity and the spatial extent of fluoride concentration in groundwater of the southern part of the upper Wadi Rasyan, Taiz, Yemen. 93 sampling points were selected; the sampling included all types of sources of groundwater and all types of aquifers. The results show that 71% of samples exceed the WHO drinking water guidelines value of 1.5 mg/l, and there are wide variation for groundwater’s content of fluoride in the same aquifer (whether, volcanic and alluvial) and in the same of groundwater type, and these variations between the different water types or between the different depths of water (alluvial and volcanic aquifers) are not significantly different. The high concentration of fluoride in groundwater of the volcanic aquifer is likely because of the nature of geology formations by the water-rock interaction result of long-time residence of water in contact with the geology formation. The high concentration of fluoride in the alluvial aquifer likely resulting the waste of urban and industrial activates sources, the over exploration of groundwater, the arid climatic and the activities agriculture.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81139074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Climate Change on Water Resources, Indices, and Related Activities in Colombia","authors":"Nathaly Güiza-Villa, C. Gay-García, Jesús Efren Ospina-Noreña","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90652","url":null,"abstract":"In Colombia, a country with great climatic diversity, the water balance is affected in one way or another by climate change depending on the region. Thus, there may be increases and decreases in precipitation and, in all cases, a huge increase in temperature. This document presents some studies carried out in different areas of the country regarding the effects of climate change on water resources, including its influence on hydroelectric power generation, some changes in the water balance in arid areas, and the opportunity to ensemble climate change scenarios. Likewise, it outlines a possible future water supply-demand relationship, where supply is associated with a change in the water balance and demand with some crops, activities, and sectors that need water to survive. This allows to estimate some future status indices to see the overall picture of climate change in connection with the country’s water resources.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82624209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Management and Water Service Delivery in Africa","authors":"J. Obosi","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90746","url":null,"abstract":"Access to affordable and clean water has remained a challenge globally. Most states in Africa states have championed the provision of water to its citizens through state driven approaches. Despite the evidence that community water supply has contributed positively more than any other single approach to provision of water supply in Africa, it is still regarded as an informal approach. Most states in Africa still prefer other conventional approaches like Concession and Affermage in Francophone Africa and Commercialization through Management contracts in Anglophone Africa at the expense of the community water management. Either the state has not used the right approach or has neglected the community. Using evidence from Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Ghana and Nigeria, the paper has argued that the failure by the governments to acknowledge the disconnect between the community needs and state priorities has been responsible for the poor state of water provision in Africa.","PeriodicalId":51870,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Water Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90097704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}