Issues of Economic Theory最新文献

{"title":"Expensive Free","authors":"Andrey Shastitko, Anastasia Morosanova","doi":"10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_56_72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_56_72","url":null,"abstract":"Digital platforms, as a rule, offer their services to at least one of the parties\u0000 without a monetary fee, but by charging another resource – information – in the form of\u0000 personal information and digital footprints. Analysis mechanisms of collected\u0000 information provide companies with hidden competitive power, which, on the one hand,\u0000 allows them to increase efficiency, but on the other hand, carries potential threats for\u0000 many individual users and for economic welfare. The main research question concerns the\u0000 presence of incentives to maintain or enhance privacy on the Internet, which arise not\u0000 only from users, but also from business, as well as the role of government regulators in\u0000 this process. Some of the urgent regulatory decisions to develop a competitive\u0000 environment in digital markets and ensure transparency of processes within ecosystems,\u0000 discussed in this article, can provide progress in user control over their personal\u0000 information. At the same time, the proposed changes will lead to additional information\u0000 security risks (and other aspects). The question of ensuring the guarantor reliability\u0000 related to privacy on the Internet remains open.","PeriodicalId":518543,"journal":{"name":"Issues of Economic Theory","volume":"52 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141108582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreign Economic Conditions for Russia's Development: Isolation and Reorientation","authors":"Alexander Libman","doi":"10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_7_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_7_18","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the main factors of foreign economic relations dynamics of Russia in the last two years. Contrary to the original expectations, Western sanctions did not lead to the full isolation of the Russian economy. Rather, it experienced a reorientation towards countries, which do not support sanctions regime, as well as transition of a large part of foreign trade into an informal sector. The paper discusses main factors of the persistent integration of Russia in the world economy, as well as potential changes in the mid- and long-term perspectives.","PeriodicalId":518543,"journal":{"name":"Issues of Economic Theory","volume":"55 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141108917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Banking System of Russia in 1987-1994: A New Organization and New\u0000 Problems","authors":"Olesya A. Sinichenko","doi":"10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_152-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_152-169","url":null,"abstract":"The article delves into the evolution of the banking institutions in Russia from\u0000 1987 to 1994. The necessity to move away from a single-level banking system by the late\u0000 1980s became apparent as it failed to meet the demands of a market economy. The\u0000 emergence of specialized banks significantly expanded the functionality of banking\u0000 operations, accompanied by the establishment of numerous regional branches. However,\u0000 their dependence on the government persisted, and the banks' own capital increased\u0000 slowly. The advent of commercial banks marked the beginning of the development of a\u0000 full-fledged two-level structure of the Russian banking system. The number of commercial\u0000 banks increased rapidly, attributed to the low requirements for obtaining licenses to\u0000 conduct banking operations. Many banks encountered either liquidation or merging with\u0000 the others as control over their activities was tightened and new regulations were\u0000 introduced. The article outlines the legislative history regulating the monetary and\u0000 credit system. The development and establishment of the banking system in Russia\u0000 constitute a complex and contradictory process, including the criminalization of this\u0000 sector in the early 90s, linked to the insufficient regulatory activity of the Central\u0000 Bank of Russia. This led to citizens mistrust in banks, especially during the growth and\u0000 subsequent collapse of financial pyramids. Unresolved issues in the banking and\u0000 financial sectors led to another institutional crisis in 1995.","PeriodicalId":518543,"journal":{"name":"Issues of Economic Theory","volume":"55 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional Analysis of Economy: Qualitative and Quantitative Research and\u0000 Methods","authors":"V. Tambovtsev","doi":"10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_45_55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_45_55","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of two alternative approaches to\u0000 the study of economic institutions - qualitative and quantitative research\u0000 methodologies. Analysis of the first shows that the task is to identify the meanings\u0000 that people attach to their actions, while the task of the second is to identify\u0000 regularities of connections between institutions and various aspects of behavior.\u0000 Institutional analysis conducted on the basis of qualitative methodology is based on\u0000 vague definitions of institutions that lack operationalization, while quantitative\u0000 studies of institutions rely on strict operational definitions. The article outlines the\u0000 procedures for both qualitative and quantitative research on institutions, the first of\u0000 which involves obtaining data primarily through interviewing informants, and the second,\u0000 primarily through observation of behavior. Accordingly, the result of a qualitative\u0000 research is metis - local experiential knowledge possessed by members of a certain\u0000 community, while the result of a quantitative study is a generalized knowledge of\u0000 regularities expressed by confirmed hypotheses. The obtained comparison results can\u0000 serve as information for researchers to select a methodology for studying economic\u0000 institutions.","PeriodicalId":518543,"journal":{"name":"Issues of Economic Theory","volume":"62 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141110557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State Regulation of Women's Employment and Occupational Segregation in the Russian\u0000 Labour Sphere – 100 Years of History Part 2. 1945-1991","authors":"M.E. Baskakova","doi":"10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_134_151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_134_151","url":null,"abstract":"This paper, based on a general analysis of political documents and legislative\u0000 acts, examines the changes in the regulation of employment conditions and regimes for\u0000 women, as well as the dynamics of gender industry segregation. The first part of the\u0000 article was dedicated to the initial Soviet period and the period of the Great Patriotic\u0000 War (1917-1945). The second part covers the entire post-war Soviet period (1945-1991),\u0000 during which there remained a commitment to the idea of maximizing women's participation\u0000 in the economy. However, perceptions of the conditions for achieving gender equality in\u0000 employment changed when the country faced the threat of critically low birth rates. As\u0000 this demographic problem was directly linked to the high total workload of women, a\u0000 system of benefits and preferences exclusively addressed to working women began to be\u0000 developed, aiming to create \"the most favourable conditions for combining\u0000 professional and family duties.\" The implementation of an ever-expanding system of\u0000 benefits did not lead to the equalization of opportunities for men and women in the\u0000 labour sphere but contributed to the expansion of labour discrimination by gender and\u0000 the formation of stereotypical views about jobs most \"suitable for men\" and\u0000 \"most suitable for women.\" The article analyzes the dynamics of differences in\u0000 the sectoral employment structure of women and men based on historical and contemporary\u0000 statistics, demonstrating that in the Russian Soviet society, committed to traditional\u0000 gender role divisions, and without pressure on women in their choice of workplace, there\u0000 was an increase in gender professional segregation due to the concentration of women in\u0000 non-production sectors and men in material production sectors. The empirical basis for\u0000 this study relies on data from the Central Statistical Office of the Russian Soviet\u0000 Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) and Rosstat. The statistical analysis of gender\u0000 segregation dynamics in this study employed the Duncan index, which quantitatively\u0000 assesses and compares differences between the distributions of women and men across\u0000 sectors and types of economic activity.","PeriodicalId":518543,"journal":{"name":"Issues of Economic Theory","volume":"60 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141110455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Does Life Satisfaction Depend on the Settlement Type?","authors":"Olga Antipina, Artemiy Khomutov","doi":"10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_103_115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_103_115","url":null,"abstract":"Life satisfaction is a multidimensional indicator that is influenced by many\u0000 factors. Studies of national life satisfaction factors provide adequate estimates when\u0000 countries are homogeneous “macroregions” with common social, cultural, and institutional\u0000 foundations. However, within large and heterogeneous national states, of which Russia is\u0000 one, internal regional differences in living conditions can be significant, which means\u0000 that assessments of happiness levels are dominated by various factors, including the\u0000 type of human settlement and its inherent characteristics. The conducted research is\u0000 deepening the understanding of the factors that have a significant impact on subjective\u0000 life satisfaction in various types of settlements in Russia - cities, towns, and\u0000 villages. The Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics\u0000 (RLMS-HSE) was used as the data source. Econometric modeling is based on an ordered\u0000 logit model with random effects using panel data. We discovered the high significance of\u0000 subjective evaluation of wealth satisfaction, worried needs, and availability of paid\u0000 vacations for all Russians, regardless of the type of settlement. The main differences\u0000 in the set and degree of influence of factors lie along the line separating the values\u0000 of collectivism and individualism, which are dominant in cities and villages,\u0000 respectively. There is less concern about health and the possibility of job loss among\u0000 rural residents reliant on the support of neighbors and family, in which men do not\u0000 associate life satisfaction with the duration of the working day, and women do not\u0000 associate life satisfaction with the amount of wage and maternity. In contrast,\u0000 individualistically oriented residents of cities where nuclear families predominate and\u0000 connections among people are weak tend to derive life satisfaction from self-realization\u0000 through earnings, leisure, children, and health care.","PeriodicalId":518543,"journal":{"name":"Issues of Economic Theory","volume":"40 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141108738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding and Justification in Accordance with New Realities","authors":"L. Tsedilin","doi":"10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_19_29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_19_29","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores various points on the problem of economic sovereignty with an\u0000 emphasis on the problem of determining the carrier (subject) of the ES. The theoretical\u0000 foundations of ES are analyzed from the standpoint of various theoretical schools and\u0000 directions. Changes in the interpretation of the state economic sovereignty of Russia\u0000 and the supranational sovereignty of the EU are considered. The political\u0000 predetermination of the ongoing processes of sovereignization in the foreign economic\u0000 policy of Russia and the EU is stated.","PeriodicalId":518543,"journal":{"name":"Issues of Economic Theory","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Concept of Industrial Revolutions: the Contribution of N. Wiener and A.I.\u0000 Anchishkin","authors":"G. Gloveli, Mariya Zaitseva, E. Minaeva","doi":"10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_86_102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_86_102","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the concepts of two industrial revolutions by the founder of\u0000 cybernetics, N. Wiener, and three industrial revolutions by the founder of the Russian\u0000 school of macroeconomic forecasting, academician A.I. Anchishkin, in the context of the\u0000 evolution of economic concepts of the second Industrial Revolution and the scientific\u0000 and technical revolution (STR). The shift in the meaning of the concept of the second\u0000 industrial revolution is revealed – from the reformist synonym of the STR to a\u0000 retrospective characterization of global shifts in technology and the world economy\u0000 during the second half of the XIX century and early XX century. Special attention is\u0000 paid to the infrastructural aspects of the second industrial revolution. The\u0000 contribution of the Russian political economist A.I. Chuprov and the founder of graphic\u0000 neoclassicism A. Marshall to their understanding is emphasized.","PeriodicalId":518543,"journal":{"name":"Issues of Economic Theory","volume":"42 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141109878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Political and Economic Theory of Populism","authors":"Gleb Belyakov","doi":"10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_30_44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_30_44","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a cross-disciplinary theory of populism. The first part of the\u0000 article considers a definition of populism, the main electorate of populist forces, and\u0000 the economic triggers of protest votes for populist parties. The second part deals with\u0000 the different types of political populism, the reasons for their actualization in the\u0000 21st century, and the institutional consequences of populist power. The demand for\u0000 populism comes from fragmented social groups that lost out in the social transformations\u0000 following the neoliberal revolution of the 1970s and experienced the negative shocks of\u0000 globalization. The protest electorate is organized around charismatic leaders who find\u0000 'scapegoats' in the form of traditional elites, migrants, or minorities and claim to\u0000 speak for the «nation». Populism can contribute to democratization in its early stages.\u0000 However, once in power, populists tend to undermine the system of checks and balances,\u0000 leading to a decline in the quality of institutions and a slowdown in economic growth.\u0000 The third part of the paper assesses the impact of economic populism. It is concluded\u0000 that the definitional approaches used in academic literature do not meet the requirement\u0000 of universality and do not imply a sufficient level of operationalization necessary for\u0000 empirical research. An alternative approach is proposed that develops the «classical»\u0000 definition of R. Dornbusch and S. Edwards: economic policy aimed at provoking economic\u0000 shocks in order to increase the political ratings of the authorities and downplaying\u0000 socio-economic risks. This approach enables economic populism to transcend the\u0000 ideological framework of «right-left» economic policy, separate it from the economic\u0000 policy of political populists, and evaluate the populist policies of mainstream parties.\u0000 The theory of economic populism converges with the theory of political business cycles,\u0000 but is not limited to elections and focuses on assessing demand rather than\u0000 supply.","PeriodicalId":518543,"journal":{"name":"Issues of Economic Theory","volume":"54 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141112828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrative as a Meaning-Forming Element of Political Symbolization","authors":"G. Musikhin","doi":"10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_116_133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52342/2587-7666vte_2024_2_116_133","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with a theoretical analysis of the concept of political\u0000 narrative as a political reality, which is not reducible to a set of positivistically\u0000 established facts. In the context of political symbolization, narratives as elements of\u0000 interpretation of politics implicate political meanings through verbal situations that\u0000 develop as an interaction of judgments. Political narratives function as mediators in\u0000 social activities and not only communicate information, but do it incrementing new\u0000 meanings, as political narratives are conveyed through deliberation. The “narrative\u0000 identity” is formed as a reference to metanarratives and their creators. The author\u0000 shows that any symbolic political reality is a constellation of involvement narratives\u0000 that create verbal situations of interactions between community members and the\u0000 collective history as a narration. Therefore, a narrative introduces individuals into a\u0000 political context. This enables to fix the narrative “footprint” of joint social\u0000 practices that are named “culture”, “nation”, “country”, etc. At the same time, the\u0000 author substantiates that the form and the content of political narratives have the\u0000 meaning of retrospective inner causality, since the inherited array of political\u0000 interpretations is constantly «retold» in the present reality. It is concluded that in\u0000 the context of political symbolization, narrative can be an analytical solution of the\u0000 problem of interaction between individual consciousness and a society.","PeriodicalId":518543,"journal":{"name":"Issues of Economic Theory","volume":"52 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141109194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}