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Uvular Reflexes of Proto-Austronesian *q: Mysterious Disappearance or Drift Toward Oblivion? 原始南岛人的小舌反射*q:神秘消失还是逐渐被遗忘?
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-08-28 DOI: 10.1353/ol.2020.0030
J. Blevins
{"title":"Uvular Reflexes of Proto-Austronesian *q: Mysterious Disappearance or Drift Toward Oblivion?","authors":"J. Blevins","doi":"10.1353/ol.2020.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2020.0030","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates an unexplained typological oddity in the historical phonology of Proto-Austronesian: PAN *q, widely believed to be a voiceless uvular stop, is rarely continued as a uvular consonant outside of the Formosan languages. The rarity of uvular reflexes of PAN *q in Austronesian languages is striking: of the 1,000 or so non-Formosan Austronesian languages, only two, Muna and Mapos Buang, show possible uvular reflexes of *q while maintaining an inherited contrast between that segment and reflexes of *k. If PAN *q was a uvular stop, and maintained as such in Proto-MalayoPolynesian, Proto-Central/Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Proto-Central MalayoPolynesian, Proto-Eastern-Malayo-Polynesian, Proto-South Halmahera–West New Guinea, and Proto-Oceanic, why are there so few Austronesian languages outside of Taiwan with uvular reflexes of *q? Several possible explanations are considered here, ranging from simple typological explanations to cultural factors related to sound symbolism and taboo. The most promising approach relates drift away from *q to expansion of the vowel inventory.","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47565137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Introducing diri: Understanding the Role of diri as a Reflexivizer 介绍diri:理解diri作为反射器的作用
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-08-28 DOI: 10.1353/ol.2020.0028
B. Kartono, E. Reuland, M. Everaert
{"title":"Introducing diri: Understanding the Role of diri as a Reflexivizer","authors":"B. Kartono, E. Reuland, M. Everaert","doi":"10.1353/ol.2020.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2020.0028","url":null,"abstract":"The expression of reflexivity in Indonesian and related languages is based on various strategies, see Cole and Hermon (2005), Kartono (2013), and Schadler (2014) for discussion. This paper focuses on the expression of reflexivity based on the element diri and its cognates, not discussed in these papers. As a reflexive marker, bare diri is not specified for grammatical features such as number, gender, and person, so it imposes no restrictions on the value of the subject argument. It is only allowed with a subset of verbs, namely agent– theme verbs. Our goal is to determine its precise role. After applying a number of diagnostics for argumenthood (Dimitriadis and Everaert 2014), we show that diri is not an argument. We propose that the role of diri is that of an element marking detransitivization of the verb and reflecting an operation combining the latter’s agent and theme roles into one complex agent–theme role (“a bundling operation” in the sense of Reinhart and Siloni 2005). This complex role is assigned to the remaining argument resulting in a reflexive interpretation. Further tests also show that agent and patient roles are indeed present in verbs with diri after the bundling operation.","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44362742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Reexamining the Phonological History of Oceanic’s Temotu Subgroup 大洋洲铁摩图亚群音系史的再考察
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-08-28 DOI: 10.1353/ol.2020.0029
William James Lackey, Brenda H. Boerger
{"title":"Reexamining the Phonological History of Oceanic’s Temotu Subgroup","authors":"William James Lackey, Brenda H. Boerger","doi":"10.1353/ol.2020.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2020.0029","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, much more lexical data have become available for the Temotu languages, a purported subgroup of Oceanic. This paper reexamines some significant changes to Oceanic consonants in light of this larger dataset. While the bulk of previous analyses is retained, several changes hypothesized in earlier literature are shown to require revision. The syncope and truncation sound changes proposed by Ross and Næss are reinterpreted as emergent from prosodic effects, and as a result of closer study of other sound changes, we find that the hypothesized Utupua–Vanikoro branch is not phonologically well founded. A second merger of sounds in Proto-Oceanic, in addition to the one presented in Ross and Næss, is uncovered for all of Temotu languages, giving support for its acceptance as a subgroup of Oceanic. In a synthesis near the end, we show that evidence from recent archaeological work on the Temotu region that aligns with the linguistic history proposed here.","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66487546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Russell Barlow. 2020. A Sketch Grammar of Pondi. Canberra: Australian National University Press. xiv + 200 pp. ISBN 9781760463830. Downloadable at press.anu.au Russell Barlow。Pondi的草图语法。堪培拉：澳大利亚国立大学出版社。xiv+200 pp.ISBN 9781760463830。可在press.anu.au下载
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1353/ol.2020.0027
W. Foley
{"title":"Russell Barlow. 2020. A Sketch Grammar of Pondi. Canberra: Australian National University Press. xiv + 200 pp. ISBN 9781760463830. Downloadable at press.anu.au","authors":"W. Foley","doi":"10.1353/ol.2020.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2020.0027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43158768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Three Puzzles for Phonological Theory in Philippine Minority Languages 菲律宾少数民族语言语音理论的三大困惑
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1353/ol.2020.0024
J. W. Lobel, Robert Blust, E. Thomas
{"title":"Three Puzzles for Phonological Theory in Philippine Minority Languages","authors":"J. W. Lobel, Robert Blust, E. Thomas","doi":"10.1353/ol.2020.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2020.0024","url":null,"abstract":"This squib describes three theoretically challenging phonological processes found in the Manide, Inagta Alabat, and Umiray Dumaget languages spoken on the large northern Philippine island of Luzon. These three well-documented processes do not conform to current theoretical expectations about what is a likely or even a possible diachronic process, although each is part of a larger, complex context of sound change which does conform to theoretical expectation. A brief background survey of vocalic changes triggered by voiced stops is given, followed by the puzzling changes that depart from this more general pattern.","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41901294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Testing Semantic Dominance in Mian Gender: Three Machine Learning Models 性别语义优势测试:三种机器学习模型
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1353/ol.2020.0026
Marc Allassonnière-Tang, Dunstan Brown, S. Fedden
{"title":"Testing Semantic Dominance in Mian Gender: Three Machine Learning Models","authors":"Marc Allassonnière-Tang, Dunstan Brown, S. Fedden","doi":"10.1353/ol.2020.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2020.0026","url":null,"abstract":"The Trans-New Guinea language Mian has a four-valued gender system that has been analyzed in detail as semantic. This means that the principles of gender assignment are based on the meaning of the noun. Languages with purely semantic systems are at one end of a spectrum of possible assignment types, while others are assumed to have both semantic and formal (i.e., phonology or morphology-based) assignment. Given the possibility of gender assignment by both semantic and formal principles, it is worthwhile testing the empirical validity of the categorization of the Mian system as predominantly semantic. Here, we apply three machine learning models to determine independently what role semantics and phonology play in predicting Mian gender. Information about the formal and semantic features of nouns is extracted automatically from a dictionary. Different types of computational classifiers are trained to predict the grammatical gender of nouns, and the performance of the computational classifiers is used to assess the relevance of form and semantics in relation to gender prediction. The results show that semantics is dominant in predicting the gender of nouns in Mian. While it validates the original analysis of the Mian system, it also provides further evidence that claims of an equal contribution of form-based and semantic features in gender assignment do not hold for at least a proper subset of languages with gender.","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66487480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Voice and Valency Morphology in Äiwoo Äiwoo的语音和配价形态
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-07-14 DOI: 10.1353/ol.2021.0005
Åshild Næss
{"title":"Voice and Valency Morphology in Äiwoo","authors":"Åshild Næss","doi":"10.1353/ol.2021.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2021.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper describes the function and distribution of the main morphological markers of voice and valency in the Oceanic language Äiwoo: the undergoervoice suffixes -i, -nyi(i), -ive, -eâ, and -nâ, and the circumstantial voice clitic =Cä. It compares these functions and distributions to those reconstructed for the Proto-Oceanic transitivizing morphemes *-i and *akin[i], and suggests pathways of change that can account for many of the present-day Äiwoo forms as being reflexes of these morphemes and of the 3sg object clitic *=a, though some of the formal differentiation remains unexplained. This analysis implies that Äiwoo has a Philippine-type symmetrical voice system with Oceanic morphology, an unusual state of affairs which has implications for our understanding of the transition from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian to Proto-Oceanic.","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ol.2021.0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47762048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Historical Phonology of Hliboi, A Bidayuh Language of Borneo 婆罗洲比达尤语Hliboi的历史语音
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-07-14 DOI: 10.1353/ol.2021.0004
Alexander D. Smith
{"title":"The Historical Phonology of Hliboi, A Bidayuh Language of Borneo","authors":"Alexander D. Smith","doi":"10.1353/ol.2021.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2021.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Hliboi Bidayuh is spoken in the West Kalimantan province of Indonesia, on the island of Borneo. It is part of the larger Land Dayak subgroup, with member languages on both sides of the Malaysia–Indonesia border. Hliboi has several phonological features that warrant focused attention. For example, Hliboi contains geminate consonants in word-initial position, but not in other positions and a restriction on geminate voicing that appears to run counter to typological implications; geminates must be voiced, never voiceless. Hliboi also reflects interesting sound changes that it shares with several other languages of Borneo with \"busy\" historical phonologies, including the destressing and reduction of penultimate syllables, syllable complexification, and vowel breaking processes that have arisen in now-stressed word-final syllables. In this study, the historical and synchronic phonologies of Hliboi are discussed in detail. The preference for voiced over voiceless geminates is hypothesized to be due to their word-initial only restriction, where perceptual pressures favor voiced over voiceless segments. The historical changes that gave rise to Hliboi's phonology are ultimately rooted in stress shift, a feature that it shares with other languages of the Central Bornean Linguistic Area.","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ol.2021.0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49602693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Intonation Unit in Totoli Totoli的语调单元
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-07-14 DOI: 10.1353/ol.2021.0003
Cristoph Bracks
{"title":"The Intonation Unit in Totoli","authors":"Cristoph Bracks","doi":"10.1353/ol.2021.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2021.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This study analyzes intonational patterns at the right edge of the intonation unit (IU) in Totoli. Based on a corpus of (semi)spontaneous discourse, I present a model of the IU. I have identified a set of three tonal patterns marking the rightedge boundary. These three patterns, in combination with the rarely occurring discourse markers, suffice to describe the tonal events at the right edge of the IU in Totoli. By analyzing the phonetic realization of the boundary-tone complexes, segmental content was revealed not to influence the alignment but only the shape of the tonal contours. The two main exceptions responsible for alternation are the presence of long vowels and the variability in syllabification. Regarding distributional evidence, tail–head linkage constructions provide evidence for the boundary-tone complexes, as tails and heads differ systematically in their prosodic realization. With evidence from tail–head linkage, I also show that the functions of two of the three intonational patterns pertain to signaling finality, while the third is specialized for nonfinal elements of lists.","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44803766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Avaipa, a Language of Central Bougainville 阿瓦帕语，布干维尔中部的一种语言
IF 0.9 3区 文学
OCEANIC LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2021-07-14 DOI: 10.1353/ol.2021.0000
Jason Brown, Melissa Irvine
{"title":"Avaipa, a Language of Central Bougainville","authors":"Jason Brown, Melissa Irvine","doi":"10.1353/ol.2021.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ol.2021.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This work presents initial data from Avaipa, a previously undocumented language of central Bougainville. In the sparse literature that exists on this variety, it is anecdotally described as a mixed language. It will be demonstrated that the perception of language mixing is due to lexical borrowing, both from Papuan and from Oceanic sources, though a large-scale lexical comparison suggests a significant connection to the South Bougainville group. A tentative classification of Avaipa as a Papuan language is offered, where the language can be shown to be most closely related to the South Bougainville group, but because of the presence of certain lexical and structural features, the possibility is raised whereby Avaipa serves as a bridge to the North Bougainville group.","PeriodicalId":51848,"journal":{"name":"OCEANIC LINGUISTICS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ol.2021.0000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45988569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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