Forest Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of different treatments and light quality on Ulmus pumila L. germination and seedling growth","authors":"Hwa Lee, Gyu-Hong Han, E. Cheong","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2021.1968960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2021.1968960","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ulmus pumila L. has potential benefits for erosion control, landscape ornamentals, and the bark contains substances that may have therapeutic value. To determine optimal growth conditions, we investigated the effect of water, sucrose, and exogenous plant growth regulator (6 benzylaminopurine: BA, indolebutyric acid: IBA and gibberellic acid: GA3) treatments as well as light quality (dark, fluorescence, and 2:1 or 4:1 Red:Blue (R:B) LED) on U. pumila seed germination and seedling growth. Seeds soaked in a 3% sucrose solution had the highest germination rate and germination energy in addition to the shortest germination time compared to seeds treated with water or PGRs, except the control. Light quality only affected germination energy, with seeds exposed to 2:1 R:B LED light having the highest germination energy and those exposed to fluorescent light having the lowest. Following transfer to a greenhouse with exposure to natural sunlight, the performance of seedlings varied depending on the light conditions under which they were germinated. In contrast, treatments during the germination stage such as incubation with PGRs had no effect on seedling growth in the greenhouse. Seedlings that germinated under 2:1 or 4:1 R:B LED lights grew taller and had thicker root collars compared to those grown in the dark or under fluorescent lights. The influence of light conditions persisted for at least seven months after the germination, even though the chlorophyll content was similar among seedlings exposed to different growth conditions. Taken together, these results show that light quality in particular during the germination stage can positively affect the growth of the U. pumila seedlings.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77957928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic feasibility of a sustainable production forest management system in Xaibouathong forest management area, Khammouan province, Lao PDR","authors":"Phayvanh Alounsavath Master, Se Bin Kim","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2021.1952903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2021.1952903","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sustainable Production Forest Management is a priority forest policy in Laos in which forest management plans need to be produced for each Production Forest Area (PFA). The forest management plan is very important for the sustainable use of forest resources in a PFA. It determines harvesting rotation cycles, annually allowed sustainable cuts of timber for each compartment, and identifies areas for conservation, restoration and rehabilitation in each PFA. This study examines the economic feasibility of the implementation of forest management operations in Xaibouathong Forest Management Area (FMA) in Khammouan Province with a 15-year cutting cycle. Data and information on Government cost norms, fees, and timber prices associated with the development and implementation of forest management plans, volumes and timber species harvested from three sub-forest management areas (Sivilai, Kengchone, and Phakong) of Xaibouathong FMA were collected and analyzed by using benefit-cost analysis. The results of this study showed that the current production forest management operation in Xaibouathong FMA is not economically feasible. Most of the sub-forest management areas costs outweigh its benefits because most of commercial tree species harvested in the three Sub-FMAs are lesser use species with low market price. Further study is needed to identify the real costs associated with the development and implementation of forest management plans when the Government permits logging operations in other production forest areas.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75679887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of non-destructive sonic tomography for detection of defects in old Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino trees","authors":"Ji-Sun Son, Sihyun Kim, Jin-Whan Shin, Gwan-Won Lee, Han Kim","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2021.1946169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2021.1946169","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino trees, which account for a large proportion of cultural assets and protected trees and have considerable historical and cultural symbolic meaning in South Korea. To verify the reliability of the nondestructive sonic tomography (SoT) method on Z. serrata trees, this study compared the results of SoT with those obtained with the destructive resistance micro-drilling method. With SoT measurement, defects were found in approximately 75% of the target Z. serrata trees and two of these trees were evaluated as having a high risk because their defective portions accounted for approximately 70% or more of the entire cross section. The independent samples t-test indicated that the two methods did not show a significant difference between measurements. Regression analysis indicated that the measurement values of the two methods showed a positive relationship with a high explanatory power of 76%, thus, verifying the reliability of SoT.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73910394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of forest road cut slopes affecting the movement of mammals in South Korea","authors":"Eungjin Jeong, Minjae Cho, Hyun-Jun Cho, Bumjoon Cho, S. Han","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2021.1967789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2021.1967789","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Existing forest roads that are the base infrastructure foundation for forest management have been built with a focus on structural stability rather than ecological impact. In recent, however, the concerns on the ecological and environmental impacts on the forest road construction has been increased with the emphasis of sustainable forest management and the improvement of public awareness. Especially, the cut slopes that occurred on the forest road construction are known to affect the movement and habitat of wild animals living in the forest. This study aims to establish environmental and structural standards for the cut slopes by identifying the effect of forest road cut slopes on the movement of wild animals based on a survey of national forest roads in South Korea (30 km in total). Seven factors associated with forest road cut slopes, including cut slope length, cut slope gradient, soil type, longitudinal position, crossing position, aspect, and vegetation coverage, as well as wildlife tracks were investigated. As a result of statistical analysis using cross tabulation to determine the correlation of wildlife tracks with each cut slope factor, five factors (soil type, cut slope gradient, cut slope length, vegetation coverage, and crossing position) were significantly identified. Using these five factors, a prediction model to predict whether wildlife move or not on the cut slope was developed, and the discriminant hit ratio was 76.0%. Thus, using such models, there is a need to develop the guidelines of forest road installation considering the wildlife movement and of ecological corridor installation for more eco-friendly forest road construction and design in the future.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87039835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the effects of thinnings in scots pine plantations in Mongolia: a comparative analysis of tree growth and crown development based on dominant trees","authors":"B. Ganbaatar, Tsogtbaatar Jamsran, A. Gradel, Gerelbaatar Sukhbaatar","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2021.1963326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2021.1963326","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The post-thinning stand density and spacing in forest plantations influence individual tree growth and crown development, and the changes detected in dominant tree growth are a good indication of the thinning effect. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different thinning intensities on diameter and height growth in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plantation. The field measurements were carried out between 2016 and 2020 on a Scots pine plantation, growing in Selenge province of northern Mongolia. Following this, experimental thinnings were carried out with different intensities. Thinning treatments comprised thinning with very low, low, medium, and high intensities, as well as an unthinned control stand. Stem analyses were performed to calculate the annual and cumulative diameter, height, and volume growth. For tree crown measurements several parameters were analyzed: crown diameter, crown projection area, and crown index. A total of 300 trees (5 treatments*3 replications*20 dominant trees from each plot) were subjected to the comparative analyses. This study revealed that thinning showed a stronger positive effect on diameter and volume growth of dominant trees in the plantation. Our results showed a gradual increase in diameter, basal area, and volume growth depending on the thinning intensity. An ANOVA test for growth analyses of dominant trees showed a significant difference in diameter (p < 0.0001) and height (p < 0.0001) growth performance following experimental felling with different thinning intensities. Finally we elaborated linear mixed effect models (LMM) for tree growth between 2016 and 2020 of selected dominant trees. With the help of the LMM we analyzed and described the thinning impact on DBH, BA, height, volume and crown diameter. The models confirmed that higher thinning intensity triggered growth of the response variables except for height. A greater height growth was found in very low (10%) and low (15%) intensity treatments. Due to reduction of competition and optimization of the distance between individuals, thinnings contributed to a relatively faster development of the tree crown in radial directions. Based on our analysis results and comparative graphs representing post-thinning dominant tree growth in diameter, height, basal area, and volume, we recommend medium- (30%) and high-intensity (45%) thinnings as at the beginning stage of plantation establishment.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73633886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of shading and fertilizer treatments on the growth characteristics of Chamaecyparis obtusa (S. et Z.) Endlicher seedlings","authors":"D. Kang, J. Sung, Do-Hyung Lee","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2021.1957722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2021.1957722","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chamaecyparis obtusa is increasing the main reforestation species in the warmer southern part of the Republic of Korea because of its resistance to climate warming and economic value for timber. In this study, we investigated the growth response of Chamaecyparis obtusa 2-0 container seedlings to combined artificial shading (full sunlight, 35%, 55%, and 75%) and fertilization (no fertilization, 0.5 g/L, 1.0 g/L 1.5 g/L, 2.0 g/L, 3.0 g/L) treatments. Seedlings treated with 1.0 g/L fertilization and in full sunlight condition showed the highest height growth while seedlings treated with 0.5 g/L fertilization and in full sunlight condition showed the highest growth of root collar diameter. Seedlings treated with 1.0 g/L fertilization and in full sunlight condition showed the highest total dry weight while those treated with 0.5 g/L, 1.0 g/L and 1.5 g/L fertilization and in full sunlight condition and 0.5 g/L fertilization in 35% artificial shading showed the highest Height/Root collar diameter ratio. In addition, seedlings treated with 1.0 g/L fertilization and in full sunlight condition showed the highest seedling quality index. In general, the fertilization treatment effects on seedling growth characteristics were appreciably significantly different across the shading treatment conditions. The magnitude of the differences in the interaction effect of the fertilization treatments is higher in lower than in higher shading treatment conditions. The results suggest that 1.0 g/L seedling fertilization growing in full sunlight condition is the most appropriate nursery treatment level for producing superior quality Chamaecyparis obtusa 2-0 container seedlings. The suggested optimum artificial shading and fertilizer treatments level can be used as preliminary data for producing superior seedlings Chamaecyparis obtusa 2-0 container seedlings capable of achieving sustained reforestation and landscape restoration success in the southern part of the Republic of Korea and similar locations with warming climatic and conditions.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77610374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of thinning and pruning on tree growth, stress wave velocity, and pilodyn penetration response of clonal teak (Tectona grandis) plantation","authors":"Gama Widya Seta, Widiyatno  , F. Hidayati, M. Na’iem","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2021.1911865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2021.1911865","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this research was to examine the impact of different thinning and pruning intensities on the growth characteristics and wood properties of clonal teak. A 14-year-old clonal teak plantation was used in the study. The first thinning and pruning were established 5 years after planting. Three different levels of thinning (un-thinned, moderate, and heavy) and pruning (low, medium, high) were tested. Growth characteristics, pilodyn penetration, and stress wave velocity were examined. Results showed that different thinning intensities significantly affected the mean annual diameter increment (F = 37.67; p < 0.01). The standing stock estimations of the thinning intensity regimes also significantly differed between different thinning intensities (F = 4.16; p = 0.035). Moreover, pilodyn penetration significantly varied with the thinning treatment (F = 23.53; p < 0.01). The stress wave velocity, however, did not significantly vary with the thinning treatment (F = 2.54; p = 0.11). Meanwhile, the effect of pruning treatment was not observed under all parameters. Heavy thinning treatment promoted all parameters except height and stress wave velocity. A strong positive correlation was observed between pilodyn penetration and DBH. This result suggested that thinning and pruning promoted positive DBH growth and an increase in the economic value of the stand, but it did not affect the wood properties of clonal teak wood.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79384826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thirty-two years of mangrove forest land cover change in Parita Bay, Panama","authors":"Yoisy Belen Castillo, Kunhyo Kim, H. S. Kim","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2021.1922512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2021.1922512","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mangrove forests have experienced a rapid decline. However, the rate of loss has decreased in recent years due to enhanced conservation and nature regeneration. The dynamics of mangrove forests in Panama have not been monitored since the year 2000, despite a significant loss during the 1980s. The objectives of our study were to quantify changes in mangrove cover and identify the dominant drivers of change in Parita Bay, Panama. Temporal changes in mangrove cover and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were determined using the supervised classification method on Landsat satellite images from 1987 to 2019. We identified a 4.7% increase in the mangrove area of Parita Bay during the 32 years; the mangrove forests were also considered healthy as reflected by high NDVI values. However, the conversion of mangroves to other land cover types resulted in a 1.26% decline in mangrove cover from 1987 to 1998. Moreover, the area of aquaculture and saltpans almost doubled during this period. During the following two decades, the conversion of other land cover classes (water, other vegetation, and bare soil) increased the mangrove area by 6%, and the annual rate of increase was greater during the second decade (0.43% year−1). From 2009 to 2019, mangroves declined at an annual rate of 0.11% in protected areas and increased at an annual rate of 0.50% in unprotected areas. Despite the regeneration potential of mangrove forests, our study highlights the need to continually manage and protect mangrove forests in order to facilitate their expansion in Parita Bay.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78125984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toona sureni (blume) merr. Seeds invigoration using 60Co Gamma-Rays irradiation","authors":"M. Zanzíbar, Y. A. Nugraheni, K. P. Putri, N. Yuniarti, D. Sudrajat, Yulianti, D. Syamsuwida, A. Aminah, E. Rustam, A. Sukendro, Diana Septiningrum","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2021.1924872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2021.1924872","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Deteriorated seeds can be improved by invigoration treatment, including gamma-ray irradiation by Cobalt-60 (60Co). The purpose of this study was to determine the proper dose of gamma-ray irradiation (60Co) to increase the decreased vigor of suren (Toona sureni (Blume) Merr.) seeds. This study uses a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with aging and irradiation as the treatments. Aging factors consisted of 0, 2, and 4 days. Irradiation factor consisted of 7 levels, namely 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 Gy, repeated four times. The parameters observed were the electrical conductivity, germination percentage, germination speed, and seedling height. The results showed that Seed aging treatment significantly affected Suren seed germination with 75% (2 days aging) and 56% (4 days aging) germination. The 40 Gy dose of gamma-ray irradiation could increase germination percentage and germination speed of low suren seed vigor increasing 51.42% and 60.21%, respectively. Simultaneously, the cell membrane damage of stored suren increased with gamma-ray irradiation treatment of more than 40 Gy based on electrical conductivity. In seeds with high germination, such as seeds without aging and seed aging for two days with a germination percentage of 80% and 75%, respectively, the invigoration treatment was not effective. Invigoration treatment was effective in increasing the deteriorated or low viability and vigor of the suren seeds.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85779718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bees algorithm for Forest transportation planning optimization in Malaysia","authors":"J. J., Norizah K., Mohd Hasmadi I., Azfanizam A. S.","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2021.1925597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2021.1925597","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Algorithm is widely used in various areas due to its ability to solve classes of problems. Due to multiple objectives to be met and varied algorithm application in this digital era, addressing the problem-solving optimization in a more efficient and effective way has become more reasonable. Forest transportation planning is one of the most expensive activities in timber harvesting and can be optimized through algorithm application. Forest transportation planning is a vital component of timber harvesting activities. Inappropriate planning may raise the overall costs of harvesting activities. This paper aims to give an overview of several algorithm application in optimizing the forest transportation planning problem and give an insightful information regarding the relationships between algorithm and the integration of transportation system characteristics and variables. Examples of algorithm that are finding their way to the forest transportation planning problem include Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm, Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm and Tabu Search (TS) algorithm. Although no literature was found regarding forest transportation planning problem optimization with regards to Bees Algorithm (BA), rules set for several transportation problem evidenced from literature search seems to be applicable to forestry. Generally, in this paper, the BA has been given focus for forest transportation planning problem optimization as a potential algorithm to overcome the challenges of environmental degradation and efficiency of timber extraction used, as well as its accuracy and less processing time for problem-solving.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90324486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}