Forest Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Non-timber forest product utilization under community forest management in northern Thailand","authors":"Siriluck Thammanu, Hee Han, Dokrak Marod, Liangzhen Zang, Yoonkoo Jung, Khaing Soe, Surin Onprom, Joo-sang Chung","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2020.1862712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2020.1862712","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Forest resources are a salient and critical issue requiring ongoing attention by the Thai government. Community forest management (CFM) is a practice used to, among other things, resolve land use issues and regulate the extraction and use of non-timber forest product (NTFPs). Managing as a community forest can not only enhance the livelihoods of the local people but also improve their socio-economic condition. This research was conducted at the Ban Mae Chiang Rai Lum Community Forest located in Pa Mae Phrik National Forest Reserve in Thailand’s northern province of Lampang. We collected species biodiversity data of the forest’s total area of 3,925 ha using a systematic sampling method, and twenty-five 40 × 40 m (0.16 ha) survey plots were established in the community forest. Interviews of 159 household heads and/or other household representatives were conducted using a designed questionnaire. The questionnaire focused on information regarding the households’ NTFP utilization habits and engagement in CFM processes. A forest survey was conducted which found that there were 197 plant species, 144 genera, and 62 families in the community forest. Of these, 160 plant species were classified as having medicinal uses, 89 were used as food, 37 as extractives, 32 for firewood, and 12 for fibers. This study also revealed that unmonitored over-exploitation of NTFPs may negatively impact forest biodiversity. As surveyed, 68.55% of households depended on NTFPs. The value of the harvested NTFPs was 6.35% of the total community income. A positive correlation between NTFP income and CFM suggests that utilization of NTFPs combined with CFM can create income opportunities and promote participation in CFM. In addition, income earned from NTFPs and participation in CFM were directly related to the socio-economics of identifiable groups in this community. Laborers, merchants, and low-income families utilized NTFPs to a lesser degree. Single people, household heads, those with a bachelor’s degree, and low income families were less likely to participate in CFM while land owners were more likely to do so. This study implies that the harvesting of NTFPs should not go unchecked, especially of species that are threatened or likely to be threatened if over-harvested. Efforts to enhance lower income household utilization, to more equitably distribute the benefits, and to incentivize community involvement should be prioritized as doing so is crucial to maintaining a healthy supply of NTFPs and safeguarding the community forest biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81186058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest-based livelihood choices and their determinants in Western Kenya","authors":"Purity Yego, R. Mbeche, J. Ateka, E. Majiwa","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2020.1870577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2020.1870577","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Forest extraction is an important livelihood activity for millions of low-income households in rural areas of developing countries. Understanding the choices households make to extract forest products can help formulate strategies for preventing livelihood strains associated with forest degradation. This article evaluates the nature, extent and determinants of forest extraction among rural households in western Kenya. Data were obtained from a survey of 924 randomly selected households in the Mt. Elgon area in western Kenya. The level of forest extraction was measured as the aggregate value of products extracted, while a Double Hurdle model was applied to assess the factors influencing forest extraction. The results show that the choice to engage in forest-based livelihood was generally higher among households with lower asset value, membership in forest user associations, and headed by males. The results further show that although the majority of households’ engaging in forest-based livelihood were of the lowest wealth category, households in the middle wealth category were found to extract higher value products. Institutional characteristics, including access to agricultural markets, credit, extension, and membership to forest user groups, increased the likelihood of households’ extracting higher value products. Overall, the results show that in addition to asset endowment, other contextual factors, such as access to markets, agricultural extension, and membership to farmer groups defined whether a household extracted forest products for survival or accumulation.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79142451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term effects of tree thinning on microhabitat variables and rodents in Japanese larch Larix kaempferi forest","authors":"Seung-Hun Son, Jae-Kang Lee, Hyun-Su Hwang, Tae-Kyung Eom, Shin‐Jae Rhim","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2021.1880976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2021.1880976","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We examined the short-term effects of tree thinning on microhabitat factors and the abundances of striped field mice Apodemus agrarius, Korean field mice Apodemus peninsulae, and Korean red-backed voles Myodes regulus within a Japanese larch Larix kaempferi forest in South Korea. Three different stands were thinned to 0%, 25%, or 50%. Ground vegetation was higher in the second year of tree thinning than in the first year. In the first year of thinning, ground vegetation was significantly higher in the control than in the 50% thinned stand, whereas the opposite trend was observed in the second year. Mid-story vegetation was higher in the control than in the 50% thinned stand. In the first year of thinning, the sub-overstory vegetation was higher in the control than in the 50% thinned stand. Basal area was the highest in the control stand. Abundances of the three rodent species were higher in the second year of tree thinning than in the first year. The abundance of A. peninsulae was higher in the control than in the 50% thinned stand. Overall, the three rodent species preferred microhabitats with dense ground vegetation. Our results showed that the short-term effects of tree thinning altered microhabitat factors and disturbed microhabitat conditions in the first year; furthermore, the 50% thinned stand did not provide suitable habitats for A. peninsulae. In this study, moderate (25%) tree thinning resulted in a convenient balance between biodiversity conservation and human demands for forest wood.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88792942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on rhizosphere microbial community of Pinus densiflora (Korean red pine)","authors":"Hyunseok Lee, Wi-Young Lee, Jun-Won Kang","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2020.1866089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2020.1866089","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The concentration of atmospheric CO2 is increasing largely owing to human activities. Although it is well established that elevated CO2 (eCO2) stimulates plant growth and primary productivity, the effect of eCO2 on soil microbial communities remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of eCO2 on the taxonomical diversity, composition, and structure of rhizosphere microbial communities of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) through next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 16S rRNA genes. Three bacterial phyla, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria, were found to be dominant in all samples. Species richness estimates (Chao1 and ACE) and diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson) for the three sampling chambers were the highest from the eCO2 (approximately 1.4× ambient, ≈ 560 ppm). These findings suggested that elevated atmospheric CO2 affected the bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora).","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82189362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of computer vision to estimate tree diameter and circumference in homogeneous and production forests using a non-contact method","authors":"B. Putra, Nadira Janna Ramadhani, Dedy Wirawan Soedibyo, B. Marhaenanto, I. Indarto, Yualianto Yualianto","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2021.1873866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2021.1873866","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tree diameter and circumference measurements are important metrics that should be monitored periodically and which can be used to determine rates of plant growth, timber production (wood), rubber tapping time, and to estimate the nutrient content of the soil in agroforestry especially for rubber and Albizia sp. trees. In this study, we evaluated the use of optical sensors, including a smartphone camera, which were analyzed by an image processing technology to estimate tree circumference of homogeneous and production forests especially rubber and Albizia forest plantations, through a real-time tree diameter measurement approach. Camera measurements were carried out for the diameter at breast height (DBH) and a certain distance of each tree (with the diameter of tree range of ∼6–50 cm). The results show that the use of smartphone camera measurements is highly correlated with manual measurements obtained using a tree caliper or meter tape in estimating tree circumference with coefficient of determination (R 2) and RMSE of 0.95 and 7.9 cm, respectively. Thus, this tool can be employed as an alternative method for measuring tree diameter and circumference.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87999112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal water temperature variations in response to air temperature and precipitation in a forested headwater stream and an urban river: a case study from the Bukhan River basin, South Korea","authors":"Sooyoun Nam, Show-Ling Jang, K. Chun, Jae Uk Lee, S. Kim","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2021.1882589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2021.1882589","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Seasonal water temperature variations in response to air temperature and precipitation were examined in a forested headwater stream (Yeonyeop stream, YS) and an urban river (Bukhan River, BR) within the same basin. In both sites, precipitation and air/water temperatures were monitored from April to November of 2017 and 2018. The differences between air and water temperatures were 4–6 °C higher in the YS than the BR during the summer and fall seasons. Air temperature and precipitation exhibited seasonal differences with no apparent spatial variations; however, water temperature alone varied both seasonally and spatially. Mean temperature elasticity in the YS was greater than that in the BR, whereas mean precipitation elasticity in the YS was lower than that in the BR. Additionally, temperature elasticity increased with water temperature, whereas precipitation elasticity increased with decreases in water temperature, albeit only during the summer. From an elasticity standpoint, our findings suggest that water temperature in a forested headwater stream is more sensitive to air temperature changes than that in an urban river.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84754346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth characteristics and saponin content of mountain-cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) according to seed-sowing method suitable for cultivation under forest","authors":"S. Yong, Y. Seo, Hak-Gon Kim, DongJin Park, Y. Seol, E. Choi, J. Hong, M. Choi","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2020.1829098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2020.1829098","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) is a very important health functional material in Korea and the USA. In this study, the growth and saponin of MCG change according to the sowing method were investigated. Six methods of sowing according to the natural cultivation method that grows in the Sancheong mountain ginseng farm were investigated. Germination rate and budding rate were different according to the sowing method. The growth characteristics of the MCG were also different in the sowing method. Among the six sowing methods, the length of leaves was the widest in BFS. The width of the leaves was wide in DFS and DS. The weight of the shoot was the heaviest in BFS, and the DF was the lightest. Root diameter was highest in BFS and DFS covering both fallen leaves and soil. Total fresh weight was the highest at 4.03 g in BFS, followed by DFS. The S/R ratio of DF was lower than that of the other methods. This suggests that the S/R ratio is lowered because the growth of the ground part is worse. The treatment group with the highest crude saponin content was BF and the lowest treatment group was BS. Shoot and root growth tended to increase with growing period, saponin content increased slightly within 1–3 years, but decreased slightly after that. In particular, the ratio of PD/PT, which has a great influence on the efficacy of ginseng, was also different according to the sowing method. The seed sowing method identified in this study will greatly contribute to the improvement of the survival rate decrease over the cultivation period, and it will also contribute to the production of high-quality MCG.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72820719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of dipterocarp species for enrichment planting in a secondary tropical rainforest","authors":"Widiyatno, F. Hidayati, S. Hardiwinoto, S. Indrioko, S. Purnomo, Jatmoko, N. Tani, M. Naiem","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2020.1831620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2020.1831620","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The selection of species for enrichment planting that involves native species in a secondary lowland dipterocarps forest as one of the tropical rainforest types should be conducted to maintain the sustainable management of tropical rainforests. The research of species trial of dipterocarp species was planted under a randomized complete block design with four replications. The following parameters were examined: survival rate, diameter breast height (DBH), pilodyn penetration (PP), and stress wave velocity (SWV). The survival rate (F = 1.72; p = 0.047), DBH (F = 6.67, p < 0.0001), and pilodyn penetration (F = 14.19; p < 0.001) significantly differed at 12.5 years after planting. The survival rate of Shorea leprosula was the highest (85%) of all the species, and the survival rate of other species, namely, S. macrophylla, S. ovalis, S. johorensis, S. scaberima, and S. parvifolia, was more than 70%. The best growth of DBH parameter was observed in S. platyclados. The DBH growth of S. platyclados 12.5 years after planting were 27.62 cm (mean annual diameter increment [MADI] = 2.2 cm/year). The species whose growth in DBH was similar to those of S. platyclados were S. leprosula, S. parvivolia, and S. ovalis. However, stress wave velocity (SWV) was not significantly different among dipterocarp species (F = 1.26; p = 0.234). Pilodyn penetration (PP) was significantly correlated with DBH (Pearson’s correlations = 0.306; p < 0.001), whereas stress wave velocity was not significantly correlated with DBH and PP (p > 0.05), and their Pearson’s correlations were 0.043 and −0.012, respectively. These results suggested that each dipterocarp species varied in terms of their growth and wood properties. Thus, choosing the species for enrichment planting in secondary tropical rainforests depends on the characteristics of each species and the desired final product of forest management.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76121878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of windbreak Forest according to tree species and planting methods based on wind tunnel experiments","authors":"S. Jeong, Sang-Hyun Lee","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2020.1823896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2020.1823896","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To provide a basis for the effective and efficient design of windbreak forests, wind tunnel tests were conducted to analyze the protection against wind afforded by the use of various species and various structures of planted trees. Various row-based planting structures were used in an attempt to find the most effective arrangement of a windbreak forest. Four types of structures were studied: a simple structure of coniferous trees (1, 2, or 3 rows of Pinus thunbergii), a simple structure of broadleaf trees (1, 2, or 3 rows of Quercus acutissima), mixed structure 1 (3 rows: P. thunbergii, Q. acutissima and P. thunbergii) and mixed structure 2 (3 rows: Q. acutissima, P. thunbergii and Q. acutissima). The testing materials were 3-year-old P. thunbergii and 8-year-old Q. acutissima. As the height of the testing part was 2.0 m, the height of trees was cut to make it 1.5 m based. The trees were fixed in a vase of 30 cm (Width) × 30 cm (Height). The experimental simulation model was designed 3meter (Width) × 2meter (Height) × 9 meter (Length). Putting porosity between trees aside, it was appropriate with the 7.5% of black ratio. All arrangements of P. thunbergii rows decreased the wind speed at every measurement point; especially, the 3-row structure of P. thunbergii showed a wind speed reduction of more than 15% greater than the two single-row structures studied. The wind speed reduction of P. thunbergii was maximized at a distance 1 m downwind from the last row, with wind speed increasing further downwind. Also, comparing the effect of decreasing wind speed according to the height in one-layered structure, middle-height marked the best decrease and lowered as it goes far from the middle-height. This can be explained with the cone-shaped water pipe. However, observing that the same phenomenon does not happen in three-layered structures, it was found that the difference due to different shapes of the water pipe can be offset by adding a row of plants. Therefore, using the alternating structure of coniferous, broadleaf, and coniferous rows would be a better choice, offering a similar effect with less risk of loss to disease and insects.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89161849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of woody pruning residues of apple trees","authors":"N. Gilanipoor, R. Spinelli, R. Naghdi, A. Najafi","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2020.1845822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2020.1845822","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Utilize agricultural residues from pruning brings many advantages including employment, social and economic benefit, rural development, natural forest protection, increased energy efficiency, and lower costs of raw material for the production of particleboard industry. In this study, the use of wood utilization of pruning residues from apple trees has been investigated by using chipping at the landing chipping methods (LCMs) and farm chipping methods (FCM). These methods were conducted on seven farms, totaling 9.2 ha. A time study was used to estimate operation time and cost. Transportation of chips from the study area to factories was done with semi-trailers, trucks, and pickup trucks. The residue yield was between 1.8 and 2.0 green ton per hectare. The maximum time was related to chipping and the collection of residues and the most delay was mechanical. The residues were collected, chipped, and transported to the particleboard factory at a cost between US$10.18 and US$19.46 per ton, and the profit rate between US$15.5 and US$24.8 per ton depending on chipping methods and secondary transport system. Cost and the total time of LCM were lower than the FCM, and also production rate of LCM was higher than the FCM; therefore, this method was more effective in processing residues from apple trees. Regression techniques showed that in LCM, the effect of diameter and age was significant on residue processing time and in FCM, the effect of diameter, age, residue density, and functional the area was significant in residue processing time.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80874107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}