Forest Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of growing media on morpho-physiological quality attributes of Tetraclinis articulata seedlings","authors":"Rachid El Haddadi, Abdelalli El Mekkaoui, A. Zouahri, A. Ouazzani Touhami, A. Douira","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2104936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2104936","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl.) Master or thuya is facing several constraints to its successful natural regeneration in Morocco. Containerized seedlings plantation is the only method adopted in thuya forest restoration programs and post-transplant water stress produces high seedling mortality after the first summer following outplanting. There is thus a real need to improve nursery seedlings quality, especially enhancing the growth of the root system by improving the water holding capacity of the root plug. Our aim was to assess the effects of clay on the water holding capacity of the growing media and on various morphological and physiological traits of T. articulata seedlings in the nursery. T.articula seedlings were raised in nursery using nine composite substrates; seedlings quality was evaluated according to their morpho-physiological and performance attributes. This investigation determined that a clay content of 20–25% constitutes an optimum for obtaining seedlings with a good root growth potential and high root viability. Excessive clay content in the growing media resulted in water-logged root plug decreasing root growth potential. This investigation found that morphological attribute as Root Collar Diameter and Root/Shoot ratio could be considered good predictors of Root Growth Potential.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76969405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variations in accumulated particulate matter on leaves of four major tree species in Korea","authors":"Joung A. Son, I. Kim, Hanna Chang","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2110164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2110164","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tree planting is a countermeasure used to mitigate the effects of the high concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), because trees have a strong ability to adsorb PM. However, owing to the limited information on PM accumulation on leaves throughout the year, guidelines for the implementation of urban forests cannot be provided. Therefore, in this study, we measured PM accumulation in leaves to compare the PM-reducing ability of four common species (Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Prunus yedoensis, Spirea prunifolia f. simpliciflora, and Zelkova serrata) during one growing season. We collected leaves almost every two weeks from 7 May to 23 October 2019, in Seoul Forest Park. We then measured the PM quantities on the leaves before and after rainfall (28 mm/h) to determine the amount of PM that washed off. We found that the average PM10 (PM <10 µm in diameter) accumulation on the leaves of S. prunifolia f. simpliciflora, Z. serrata, M. glyptostroboides, and P. yedoensis during one growing season was 68.1, 58.3, 43.5, and 28.2 mg/m2, respectively. The average PM2.5 (PM <3 µm) accumulation on the leaves of S. prunifolia f. simpliciflora, Z. serrata, M. glyptostroboides, and P. yedoensis was 18.2, 11.6, 7.8, and 6.5 mg/m2, respectively. However, the accumulation of both PM10 and PM2.5 on the leaves of the four species fluctuated during the sampling period. The average ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 accumulation in the leaves of S. prunifolia f. simpliciflora and P. yedoensis was significantl higher than that of Z. serrata and M. glyptostroboides; however, this ratio fluctuated throughout the sampling period. Rainfall considerably reduced the levels of PM10 on the leaves of P. yedoensis and PM2.5 on the leaves of M. glyptostroboides. We found no significant removal of PM from the leaves of other species. These results indicated that the PM-reducing ability of trees varies between species and over time. Therefore, urban forests should be managed with a high diversity of tree species.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76644433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of synthetic hydroxyapatite as a potential phosphorus fertilizer for application in Forest plantations","authors":"J. Hackman, T. Ozyhar, S. Chien, F. Hilty, A. Woodley, R. Cook","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2115149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2115149","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) was compared against triple superphosphate (TSP) and two unprocessed phosphate rocks (PR1, PR2) to (1) quantify and assess a synthetic lamellar structured-HA for its solubility and diffusiveness under acidic, sandy, soil conditions, (2) Evaluate synthetic lamellar structured-HA as a phosphorus early rotation fertilizer for Eucalyptus saplings. Soil incubation experiments verified that HA released more diffusive phosphorus into the soil than non-synthetic phosphate rock and had similar amounts of diffusive phosphorus as TSP. The solubility of HA at pH 3 and pH 6 was higher than that of raw ground phosphate rocks (apatites). Total dry-matter yield (DMY) and shoot-length of Eucalyptus seedlings grown for 154 days in acid soil (pH 4.9) were increased significantly by the application of HA compared to the control, PR2, and mixed (HA + PR2). The lack of a DMY response using TSP indicates that phosphorus may not have been the limiting factor. However, considering TSP and HA had similar solubilities and released diffusive phosphorus at similar levels, the only variable we failed to control for was the CaCO3 provided by the HA and not the TSP. Further experimentation is needed to confirm this hypothesis. Overall, HA is a promising candidate to supplement traditional phosphorus fertilizers for acidic sandy Eucalyptus silviculture.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79561597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis of forest area differences between statistics information and spatial thematic maps","authors":"Jeongmook Park, Y. Lee, Jung soo Lee","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2072406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2072406","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Securing reliable data on forest areas is necessary for the establishment of various policies and decision-making for forest administration. In this study, the definition of forest, minimum partitioning criteria, purpose of production, production method, and period of update were analyzed, which were prescribed for the statistics (Forest Basic Statistics [FBS] and Cadastral Statistical Annual Report [CSAR]) and spatial data (digital forest type map, sub-divided land cover map, continuous cadastral map). Forested area was calculated according to the statistics and spatial data for Wonju, Gangwon-do, and the forest area between statistics and spatial data was quantitatively compared. In terms of the definition of forest and minimum partitioning criteria, the FBS and digital forest type maps were similar, and the land cover map, CSAR, and continuous cadastral maps were different in these aspects. About forest area, there was a difference in each forestry data. The highest was CSAR(61,406 ha) and the lowest was Sub-divided Land Cover Map(57,818 ha). This is thought to be because there were some types of spatial areas that were classified as forest in the digital forest type map but classified as cropland, grassland, settlement, and bare land in the sub-divided land cover map and continuous cadastral map. Moreover, in the case of the continuous cadastral map, it is thought that there was an error in the area calculation due to differences between the land category in the map and the actual land use status, which led to differences in the calculated area between different types of spatial data. For future statistics and spatial data, appropriate measures should be established to address the issue of the differences between the calculated area due to misclassification during visual reading, and the difference between the land category in the map and the actual land use status. The calculated forest area should be used for research on the definition of forest, the purposes of map production, and production methods for each type of information and data","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85016774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performance, biomass accumulation, and energy production in age series of clonal teak plantation","authors":"P. Wirabuana, R. Hendrati, L. Baskorowati, M. Susanto,  . Mashudi, Harry Budi Santoso Sulistiadi, D. Setiadi,  . Sumardi, Syamsu Alam","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2063952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2063952","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Clonal teak plantation has been extensively developed in Java and providing a purposeful contribution to improve the productivity of the state forests. It also plays a crucial role in climate change mitigation and serves as a primary source of renewable energy. However, information about its stand dynamics has been rarely documented. This study investigated the growth, biomass, carbon stock, and energy storage along an age series of clonal teak plantation. The study site was located in the Kendal Forest Management Unit. Data were collected from 14 different compartments as the priority sites of clonal teak establishment. Every compartment had similar site quality but different in age stand. Results demonstrated that the incremental rate of diameter and height was higher during the initial period between 1 and 3 years. The mean volume increased along with age and reached its maximum value at 14 years (164.54 m3 ha−1). Biomass distribution in each tree component varied from 8.75 to 66.72%. More than 80% biomass production was accumulated above ground. Total carbon stock improved from 2.68 Mg ha−1 at 1 year to 54.01 Mg ha−1 at 14 years. Our study noted that the total energy storage in clonal teak plantation increased progressively from 22.71 × 106 MJ ha−1 at 1 year to 377.74 × 106 MJ ha−1 at 14 years. Overall, this study concluded the growth, biomass, carbon, and energy in clonal teak increased progressively with age. Further investigations are still required to understand the stand dynamics of clonal teak at different sites.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87187368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the forest industry on the South Korean national economy: evidence from an Input-Output analysis based on the special classification for the forest industry","authors":"Chang-kee Lee, K. Kim","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2075474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2075474","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Following the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the forest industry sector now combines cutting-edge technology with other industries. Hence, the Special Classification for the Forest Industry was established to clearly define the scope of the forest industry. Therefore, we reclassify the 2018 input-output table of the Bank of Korea based on the Special Classification of the Forest Industry. Specifically, we calculate the proportion of the forest industry that contributes to the products and services of each industry and divide them into forest and non-forest industry sectors to create the input-output table of the forest industry. We find that a direct and indirect production inducement effect of KRW 193.4 million occurs when KRW 100 million is invested in the forest industry. The import inducement coefficient is 0.221 and the value-added inducement coefficient is 0.779. In the labor sector, the total workers inducement coefficient is 12.9 and the employee inducement coefficient is 8.5.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74781440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of harvesting productivity, cost, and residual stand damages between single-tree selection thinning and mechanized line thinning using a small-scale grapple-saw","authors":"Minjae Cho, Yun-Sung Choi, Jae-Heun Oh, Ho-Seong Mun, Sang-kyun Han","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2069871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2069871","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Considerable amounts of noncommercial materials generated from thinning treatments remain unattended on the site because the value of small-sized timber is lower than overall thinning operation costs in South Korea. In addition, thinning operations with conventional and mechanized harvesting systems often cause severe physical damage to residual trees. In this study, therefore, we compared and analyzed the harvesting productivity, cost, and residual stand damage between single-tree selection thinning (SST) and mechanized line thinning (MLT) systems on conifer plantation forests. For conventional SST, ground skidding (uphill/downhill) was performed using a tractor winch after manual felling and bucking. The MLT consisted of mechanized felling, downhill shovel logging, and processing with a small-scale grapple-saw for the fourth double row (MLT1) and the third row (MLT2) thinning section. The MLT system was more productive and cost-effective in performing thinning treatment and collecting thinning materials than SST. The MLT1 and MLT2 costs were 81.4% and 70.6% lower than the SST cost ($77.6/m3), respectively. The residual stand damages of the SST (3.4%) were lower than those of MLT1 (4.8%) and MLT2 (21.2%); however, there was no significant difference in residual stand damages between two thinning systems (p > 0.05). Therefore, forest managers should consider the use of MLT system to reduce thinning costs and efficiently produce thinning materials for their thinning operations. However, operators still need to be careful felling and extracting operations to reduce the residual stand damages for thinning treatments.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89000507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient dead pine tree detecting method in the Forest damaged by pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) through utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles and deep learning-based object detection techniques","authors":"Won-Hyeon Lim, Kwanghun Choi, Wonhee Cho, Byungwoo Chang, Dongwook W. Ko","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2048900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2048900","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is an invasive pathogen in South Korea, where it has caused pine wilt disease (PWD) with extremely high mortality of native pine species (Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, and Pinus koraiensis). Since the disease spreads by its vectors, native pine sawyer beetles (Monochamus alternatus and Monochamus saltuarius), the cost of monitoring the expansion has been rapidly increasing. Furthermore, it is even more costly to eliminate new and isolated infections since unremoved infected trees act as new sources of infection through the preferred oviposition of the beetles on such trees. The methodology of combining unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and object detection based on deep learning provides the opportunity to solve such problems, as UAV with RGB camera can provide high spatial resolution aerial image and digital surface model (DSM), which can be used for object detection with excellent results. In this study, we evaluated the performance of this method to detect dead pine trees in PWD-damaged areas. In particular, to ensure low omission error of monitoring, YOLOv3 was employed for object detection as the model design is focused on minimizing the omission error. We also modified the model so that the positions and crown diameter could be estimated. Four detection models were trained using four different combinations between aerial images (R, G, B) and DSM from UAV. Among them, the model from RGB showed the highest performance (recall: 0.9909, precision: 0.8438) and was selected as the optimal model. Our results suggest that our method can contribute to low-cost and effective monitoring of the dead pine trees while maintaining low omission error, which is critical for PWD management.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86901302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Candidatus phytoplasma malaysianum (16SrXXXII) associated with Elaeocarpus sylvestris decline in South Korea","authors":"G. Lee, Tae‐Wan Han, Sun Keun Lee, Sang-Sub Han","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2029774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2029774","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phytoplasma has been newly detected in Elaeocarpus sylvestris, a tree species that grows on the island of Jeju, South Korea. Various symptoms of infection of E. sylvestris have appeared since 2013, including loss of leaf coloration, such as yellowing, darkening and branch dieback. We analyzed leaves and seeds of E. sylvestris sequences infected by phytoplasma, and found partial 16S rRNA sequences to be 99.5%, and secA genes 98.2% correlated with Malaysian periwinkle virescence group strain ELY-BN1, MaPV, MOP, MYD, and TtWB. Analyzing these sequences and through the virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism (virtual-RFLP), we report here the first occurrence of Elaeocarpus decline associated with a phytoplasma strain belonging to 16SXXXII groups, as well as the first detection of phytoplasma in the seeds of E. sylvestris in South Korea.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82476624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimum plant density and harvest age for maximizing productivity and minimizing competition in a Calliandra short-rotation-coppice plantation in West Java, Indonesia","authors":"E. Widyati, Sutiyono, Darwo, N. Mindawati, M. Yulianti, D. Prameswari, L. Abdulah, K. Yuniarti, H. Baral","doi":"10.1080/21580103.2022.2039305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2022.2039305","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To produce large volumes of biomass for implementing its green energy policy, the Government of Indonesia has issued a short rotation energy plantation program for a number of tree species including Calliandra calothyrsus (Meissn.). Optimum density and prompt harvesting are needed to maximise productivity, but information regarding both factors is insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the optimum growth spacing and ideal felling age to produce the largest volumes of biomass both economically and sustainably. Experiments were arranged on one hectare of land, which was divided into four plots with different plant spacing treatments (1 × 1.5 m; 1.5 × 1.5 m; 2 × 1.5 m; and 2 × 2 m). Growth and yield observations were carried out on plants aged 12, 18, and 24 months in each plot, with 30 sample trees left for growth observations and ten sample trees cut at each of the three ages after planting. This resulted in a total of 240 samples from the 2,710 trees planted. Trees were felled at 50 cm from the soil surface, and the resulting stools were left to regrow. A year after felling, resulting coppices, were observed and cut. Growth, productivity and calorific value were studied for both ‘primary’ and ‘coppiced’ wood. Study results demonstrate that competition between plants strongly determines the growth and productivity of ‘primary’ wood. The plot with the densest plant spacing had the lowest nutrient content for almost all soil nutrients. Higher plant density showed higher competition index values, and resulted in fewer and smaller diameter stems emerging from stools, and lower biomass productivity. Competition index values, which increased with plant age, can be used as an indicator for determining harvest timing. Productivity increased by up to 15% following development as a coppice plantation. Optimum wood productivity and greatest economy came from parent stands with plant spacing of 2 × 2 m, harvested at 18 months old and coppiced. This treatment yielded an average biomass/tree of primary wood 7.2 kg and coppice wood 8.22 kg, respectively, with lignin content of approximately 22%, and calorific value of around 18,807 kJ. These values match biomass energy requirements for feedstock for electricity generation. Harvesting at 24 months showed no significant increases in productivity, lignin content, or calorific value.","PeriodicalId":51802,"journal":{"name":"Forest Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80393028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}