JAMA最新文献

{"title":"Incentivizing Network Adequacy in Medicare Advantage","authors":"John A. Graves, Gabrielle Lyons","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.18561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.18561","url":null,"abstract":"This Viewpoint discusses enrollment in Medicare Advantage vs traditional Medicare among older adults and common reasons for plan disenrollment, including the lack of in-network physicians and hospitals.","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"245 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcific Aortic Stenosis","authors":"Catherine M. Otto, David E. Newby, Graham S. Hillis","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.16477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.16477","url":null,"abstract":"ImportanceCalcific aortic stenosis (AS) restricts the aortic valve opening during systole due to calcification and fibrosis of either a congenital bicuspid or a normal trileaflet aortic valve. In the US, AS affects 1% to 2% of adults older than 65 years and approximately 12% of adults older than 75 years. Worldwide, AS leads to more than 100 000 deaths annually.ObservationsCalcific AS is characterized by aortic valve leaflet lipid infiltration and inflammation with subsequent fibrosis and calcification. Symptoms due to severe AS, such as exercise intolerance, exertional dyspnea, and syncope, are associated with a 1-year mortality rate of up to 50% without aortic valve replacement. Echocardiography can detect AS and measure the severity of aortic valve dysfunction. Although progression rates vary, once aortic velocity is higher than 2 m/s, progression to severe AS occurs typically within 10 years. Severe AS is defined by an aortic velocity 4 m/s or higher, a mean gradient 40 mm Hg or higher, or a valve area less than or equal to 1.0 cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>. Management of mild to moderate AS and asymptomatic severe AS consists of patient education about the typical progression of disease; clinical and echocardiographic surveillance at intervals of 3 to 5 years for mild AS, 1 to 2 years for moderate AS, and 6 to 12 months for severe AS; and treatment of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cigarette smoking as indicated. When a patient with severe AS develops symptoms, surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is recommended, which restores an average life expectancy; in patients aged older than 70 years with a low surgical risk, 10-year all-cause mortality was 62.7% with TAVI and 64.0% with SAVR. TAVI is associated with decreased length of hospitalization, more rapid return to normal activities, and less pain compared with SAVR. However, evidence supporting TAVI for patients aged younger than 65 years and long-term outcomes of TAVI are less well defined than for SAVR. For patients with symptomatic severe AS, the 2020 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline recommends SAVR for individuals aged 65 years and younger, SAVR or TAVI for those aged 66 to 79 years, and TAVI for individuals aged 80 years and older or those with an estimated surgical mortality of 8% or higher.ConclusionsCalcific AS is a common chronic progressive condition among older adults and is diagnosed via echocardiography. Symptomatic patients with severe AS have a mortality rate of up to 50% after 1 year, but treatment with SAVR or TAVI reduces mortality to that of age-matched control patients. The type and timing of valve replacement should be built on evidence-based guidelines, shared decision-making, and involvement of a multidisciplinary heart valve team.","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UN Meeting Highlights Antimicrobial Resistance “Epiphany”—Lack of Antibiotic Access Is a Key Driver","authors":"Kate Schweitzer","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.21046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.21046","url":null,"abstract":"This Medical News article discusses the first high-level meeting on antimicrobial resistance at the United Nations since 2016 and a new report on the global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance.","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Academies President on How to Use Generative AI Responsibly in Scientific Research","authors":"Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Yulin Hswen","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.14025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.14025","url":null,"abstract":"This Medical News article is an interview with National Academy of Sciences President Marcia McNutt, PhD, and <jats:italic>JAMA</jats:italic> Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, about responsible use of generative AI for scientific research.","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"494 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industry Payments to Physicians by Competing Manufacturers Within Novel Therapeutic Classes","authors":"Q. Wilton Sun, Joseph S. Ross","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.20842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.20842","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the extent and persistence of payments to physicians from competing manufacturers after receipt of payment from manufacturers of first-in-class products entering 6 novel therapeutic classes.","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteophyte","authors":"Lucy Zhao","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.22028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.22028","url":null,"abstract":"In this narrative medicine essay, a medical student discusses the challenges of conveying her grandmother’s feelings to her physician while serving as an interpreter for her grandparents’ clinic visits.","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working With Medical Interpreters","authors":"Zara Latif, Jane Kontrimas, Haider J. Warraich","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.20900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.20900","url":null,"abstract":"This JAMA Insights discusses the important role that interpreters play in facilitating communication between patients with limited English-language proficiency and their health care team and provides steps that can be taken to improve communication with remote interpreters for patients.","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"244 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"With Nearsightedness in Children on the Rise, Experts Push for Outdoor Time, Disease Designation","authors":"Kate Schweitzer","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.21043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.21043","url":null,"abstract":"This Medical News article discusses new research on global trends in nearsightedness, possible ways to prevent and treat it, and calls to classify it as a disease.","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study: MMR Vaccine Protection Wanes Slightly Over Time.","authors":"Samantha Anderer","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.21822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.21822","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Few Patients Receive Testing After Abnormal Urine Protein Results.","authors":"Samantha Anderer","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.21826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.21826","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}