JAMA最新文献

{"title":"Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV","authors":"Matthew A. Spinelli, Kenneth Ngure, Monica Gandhi","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.16984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.16984","url":null,"abstract":"This JAMA Insights discusses the expanding PrEP options for preventing HIV, including the considerations for initiation and follow-up and implementation challenges of these medications.","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Oral and Injectable HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Prescriptions in the US, 2013-2023.","authors":"Laura M Mann,Weiming Zhu,Ya-Lin A Huang,Athena P Kourtis,Robyn Neblett Fanfair,Karen W Hoover","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.21493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.21493","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approach to Hospital Preparedness for Acute Surge Events Due to Emerging Infectious Diseases-Reply.","authors":"Rahi Abouk,David Powell","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.17703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.17703","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142436048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mpox Clinical Presentation, Diagnostic Approaches, and Treatment Strategies: A Review.","authors":"Boghuma K Titanji,Aniruddha Hazra,Jason Zucker","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.21091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.21091","url":null,"abstract":"ImportanceA global outbreak of clade IIb Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections spread rapidly across at least 118 countries resulting in a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) from July 2022 to May 2023. This outbreak affected more than 99 000 persons worldwide and caused more than 33 000 infections and 60 deaths in the US. In 2024, there have been approximately 200 new infections per month in the US. On August 14, 2024, the World Health Organization declared mpox a PHEIC for a second time due to a rapid increase in infections with clade I MPXV in Central Africa.ObservationsMpox is primarily acquired through direct skin to skin contact with MPXV. With clade IIb MPXV, infections are most commonly associated with sexual activity among individuals who are gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. After a median incubation period of 7 to 10 days, prodromal symptoms include fever (62%-72%), lymphadenopathy (56%-86%), myalgias (31%-55%), malaise (23%-57%), and headache (25%-55%). Skin lesions progress through 4 well-defined stages (macules, papules, vesicles, and pustules) over 2 to 4 weeks. Clade IIb MPXV is typically a self-limited illness with a low mortality rate (<0.2% in the US); however, severe illness and death may occur in immunocompromised individuals, especially those with advanced HIV (CD4 count <200 cells/μL). Mpox should be suspected in patients with potential exposure to MPXV who have skin lesions, and the diagnosis is confirmed with polymerase chain reaction testing of lesions. Management is supportive and focuses on skin care and symptom relief with analgesics. While no antiviral treatments are currently approved for mpox by the US Food and Drug Administration, several therapeutics, such as tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and vaccinia immune globulin intravenous, are available through expanded access programs or clinical trials. Vaccination with the 2-dose Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic vaccine is recommended for high-incidence populations and has an efficacy of 66% to 86%.Conclusions and RelevanceMpox is a viral infection transmitted primarily through close skin to skin contact that typically causes a self-resolving illness but can result in severe illness and death in immunocompromised individuals. First-line therapy is supportive care, although patients with severe mpox infection may be treated with advanced therapeutics. Mpox vaccination is effective and, if available, should be offered to individuals at risk of exposure to mpox.","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"208 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic Nudges to Increase Influenza Vaccination in Patients With Chronic Diseases","authors":"Niklas Dyrby Johansen, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Ankeet S. Bhatt, Daniel Modin, Safia Chatur, Brian L. Claggett, Kira Hyldekær Janstrup, Carsten Schade Larsen, Lykke Larsen, Lothar Wiese, Michael Dalager-Pedersen, Lars Køber, Scott D. Solomon, Pradeesh Sivapalan, Jens Ulrik Stæhr Jensen, Cyril Jean-Marie Martel, Tyra Grove Krause, Tor Biering-Sørensen","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.21060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.21060","url":null,"abstract":"ImportanceDespite strong worldwide guideline recommendations, influenza vaccination rates remain suboptimal among young and middle-aged patients with chronic diseases. Effective scalable strategies to increase vaccination are needed.ObjectiveTo investigate whether electronically delivered letter-based nudges informed by behavioral science could increase influenza vaccination uptake among patients aged 18 to 64 years with chronic diseases.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsNationwide pragmatic registry-based randomized clinical implementation trial conducted between September 24, 2023, and May 31, 2024, enrolling all Danish citizens aged 18 to 64 years who met criteria for free-of-charge influenza vaccination in light of preexisting chronic disease. All trial data were sourced from nationwide administrative health registries.InterventionRandomized in 2.45:1:1:1:1:1:1 ratio to no letter (usual care) or 6 different behaviorally informed electronic letters.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary end point was receipt of influenza vaccination on or before January 1, 2024, assessed in 7 prespecified coprimary comparisons (all intervention groups pooled vs usual care and each individual intervention group vs usual care). Absolute risk difference in proportions and a crude relative risk were calculated for each comparison.ResultsA total of 299 881 participants (53.2% [159 454] female, median age, 52.0 [IQR, 39.8-59.0] years) were randomized. Compared with usual care, influenza vaccination rates were higher among those receiving any intervention letter (any intervention letter, 39.6% vs usual care, 27.9%; difference, 11.7 percentage points; 99.29% CI, 11.2-12.2 percentage points; &lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &amp;amp;lt; .001). Each individual letter type significantly increased influenza vaccination with the largest effect sizes observed with a repeated letter sent 10 days after the initial letter (repeated letter, 41.8% vs usual care, 27.9%; difference, 13.9 percentage points; 99.29% CI, 13.1-14.7 percentage points; &lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &amp;amp;lt; .001) and a letter emphasizing potential cardiovascular benefits of vaccination (cardiovascular gain, 39.8% vs usual care, 27.9%; difference, 11.9 percentage points; 99.29% CI, 11.1-12.7 percentage points; &lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &amp;amp;lt; .001). Vaccination rates were improved across major subgroups.Conclusions and RelevanceIn a nationwide randomized clinical implementation trial, electronically delivered letter-based nudges markedly increased influenza vaccination compared with usual care among young and middle-aged patients with chronic diseases. The results of this study suggest that simple, scalable, and cost-efficient electronic letter strategies may have substantial public health implications.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: &lt;jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06030739\"&gt;NCT06030739&lt;/ja","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome","authors":"Maria Isabel Angulo","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.9716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.9716","url":null,"abstract":"This JAMA Patient Page describes cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, a gastrointestinal condition associated with frequent and long-term use of cannabis.","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"So Visibly a Mother","authors":"Emily Pinto Taylor","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.17993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.17993","url":null,"abstract":"In this narrative medicine essay, an internal medicine physician reflects on her intentional and visible efforts to model for young physicians the balance between career and parenthood.","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disability Rights to Accessible Virtual Health Care","authors":"Jessica L. Roberts","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.16528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.16528","url":null,"abstract":"This Viewpoint discusses the new federal regulations that require health care institutions to develop virtual care technologies that are accessible to patients with disabilities.","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The VA Was an Early Adopter of Artificial Intelligence to Improve Care—Here’s What They Learned","authors":"Roy Perlis","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.20563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.20563","url":null,"abstract":"This Medical News story is an interview about the US Department of Veterans Affairs’ pioneering work in using artificial intelligence to improve patient care.","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CDC Reports Human Case of Bird Flu Not Linked to Animals.","authors":"Samantha Anderer","doi":"10.1001/jama.2024.19684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.19684","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":518009,"journal":{"name":"JAMA","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}