Chinese Journal of Polymer Science最新文献

{"title":"Overcoming the Trade-off between Toughness and Stiffness of Fully Polymer-based Alloys by Elastomeric Salami Particles through Reactive Blending","authors":"Yan Xia,&nbsp;Ming-Hui Sang,&nbsp;Xiao Wang,&nbsp;Ning He,&nbsp;Heng-Ti Wang,&nbsp;Yong-Jin Li","doi":"10.1007/s10118-025-3541-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-025-3541-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rubber-toughened thermoplastic materials have become ubiquitous in modern society owing to their lightweight nature and desirable combination of advantageous performances. Despite the ever-increasing demand, the development of polymer alloys that are lightweight, high-strength, and high-toughness remains an ongoing challenge. Inspired by the unique “salami” microstructure from commercial acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS) and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), a facile approach was developed to overcome the trade-off between enhancing the toughness and rigidity of fully polymer-based alloys by virtue of elastomeric salami particles. This strategy entails pre-grafting rigid poly(lactic acid) (PLLA) chains with glycidyl methacrylate-grafted octene ethylene copolymer (POE-<i>g</i>-GMA) using complementary reactive groups. It can be envisaged that the PLLA grafts featuring strong incompatibility with polypropylene (PP) remain fixed in elastomer phase upon the subsequent melt compounding, facilitating the <i>in situ</i> formation of “hard core (PLLA)-soft shell (polyolefin elastomer, POE)” particles in polypropylene (PP) matrix. The all-polymer alloys containing elastomeric salami particles demonstrated unprecedented performance combinations, including upper notched impact strengths (56.8 kJ/m²), even higher tensile strength (36.8 MPa), and Young’s modulus (0.93 GPa) than that of the PP matrix. Furthermore, these materials are lightweight without the incorporation of reinforcing nano-fillers, which is competitive with industrial engineering plastics. It is highly anticipated that this universal and highly efficient protocol will be appropriate for arbitrary rubber toughened/reinforced systems, offering a paradigm in the design of advanced all-polymer alloys.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"44 3","pages":"675 - 687"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inorganic Thermoplastic Flame Retardant as a Basic Component of Low-combustible Polymer Blends","authors":"Viktor A. Novikov,&nbsp;Elena V. Stegno,&nbsp;Andrey V. Grachev,&nbsp;Ali D. Aliev,&nbsp;Victor Yu. Bychkov,&nbsp;Irina O. Plyusnina,&nbsp;Uliana V. Nikulova,&nbsp;Aleksey V. Shapagin,&nbsp;Alexander Yu. Shaulov,&nbsp;Alexander A. Berlin","doi":"10.1007/s10118-025-3528-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-025-3528-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new principle for producing fire-resistant polymer materials with increased deformation properties using a flame retardant not as a heterogeneous additive, but as a thermoplastic flame retardant in a hybrid polymer mixture with a polyhydrocarbon is considered. Hybrid polymer blends of low-molecular ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) with an APP content of 80 wt% with enhanced deformation properties were obtained by extrusion mixing at various temperatures in the range from 200 °C to 250 °C. A chemical scheme for the transformations of the components during the formation of the composite is proposed. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the formation of new crystalline structures of APP. The phase structure of the systems corresponding to the model of a dispersed-filled composite in which EVA plays the role of a matrix, determining the deformation of the mixture, and the filler is ammonium polyphosphate, was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The method of FTIR microscopy showed chemical interactions between EVA and APP with the formation of amide groups. The conditions for obtaining compositions characterized by heat resistance of 210 °C, oxygen index of 55 and ultimate elongation at drawing of 213% were established.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"44 3","pages":"894 - 904"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong and Tough Composite Hydrogels with Crack-deflecting Ability Enabled by a Viscoelastoplastic Mixing Strategy","authors":"Xiang Li,&nbsp;Bei Jiang,&nbsp;Bin Wang,&nbsp;Ya-Rong Yang,&nbsp;Gui-Ming Zhao,&nbsp;Li-Li Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10118-025-3547-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-025-3547-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The weak interfacial bonding and significant modulus mismatch between the reinforcement phase and the hydrogel matrix greatly limit the reinforcing efficiency in conventional composite hydrogels. To address these issues, we propose a novel design strategy based on dynamic mechanical control, summarized as “blending reinforcement in the viscoelastoplastic state and fixing the structure in the viscoelastic state.” This approach utilizes a unique poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel matrix featuring an amorphous/strong hydrogen-bonding hierarchical architecture, which undergoes a thermal-induced transition from a viscoelastoplastic to a viscoelastic state, enabling effective filler dispersion and subsequent structural stabilization. The method effectively suppresses filler aggregation through mechanical mixing in the viscoelastoplastic matrix, while the high polymer chain density and abundant physical interactions reduce modulus mismatch between dual phases. This synergy, together with enhanced interfacial strength achieved through strong physical bonding and structural reorganization during the cooling-induced mechanical transition, creates a robust interface that promotes crack deflection and tortuous crack propagation. As a result, we successfully fabricate PVA/silica composite hydrogels with outstanding mechanical properties and long-term stability. Moreover, by leveraging the salt-responsive nature of the system, the mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels can be reversibly and broadly modulated <i>via</i> a salt solution exchange strategy. This work establishes a fundamental principle and a practical pathway for the design and fabrication of advanced hydrogel composites.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"44 3","pages":"768 - 780"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147558935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasticizer Enhanced Chain Orientation and Dynamics for Printed Stretchable Conjugated Polymer Films","authors":"Fei-Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Zhao-Min Gao,&nbsp;Yu Chen,&nbsp;Jia-Yi Hua,&nbsp;Yu-Lin Han,&nbsp;Ning-Xin Wang,&nbsp;Ming-Hui Wang,&nbsp;Bi-Ying Wang,&nbsp;Guang-Tao Zhao,&nbsp;Kui Zhao,&nbsp;Zi-Cheng Ding,&nbsp;Yan-Chun Han","doi":"10.1007/s10118-025-3526-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-025-3526-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The scalable fabrication of stretchable conjugated polymer films <i>via</i> solution printing is essential for their practical application in large-area wearable electronics. However, the printed conjugated polymer films typically exhibit high crystallinity, limiting their mechanical deformability. Herein, we propose a plasticizer-assisted printing strategy to simultaneously enhance the stretchability and electrical performance of films based on the conjugated polymer poly(3-(5-(5-methylselenophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-6-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-2,5-bis(4-octyltetradecyl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione) (P(TDPP-Se)). The incorporation of a plasticizer trioctyl trimellitate (TOTM) promotes P(TDPP-Se) aggregation in initial solution, facilitates chain alignment under flow field, and shorten solidification process, thereby restricting randomly polymer crystallization. Consequently, a low-crystallinity film with favorable edge-on orientation, strong chain alignment and improved chain dynamics is realized, which effectively alleviates crystallites fragmentation and crack propagation under large strain. The TOTM-plasticized film exhibits approximately 2-fold improvements in fracture strain and charge mobility, along with superior mobility retention under 100% strain in comparison to the neat film. This study provides a feasible approach for microstructure control in printed stretchable conjugated polymer film.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"44 4","pages":"959 - 969"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Bridging” Structure Polymer Strategy for Morphology Regulation and Performance Optimization of Organic Solar Cells Based on the Ternary-component Polymer","authors":"Wan-Peng Zhang,&nbsp;Miao-Miao Liu,&nbsp;Meng-Ran Fu,&nbsp;Die Gao,&nbsp;Qiao-Qiao Zhao,&nbsp;Biao Xiao,&nbsp;Ting-Xing Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10118-025-3524-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-025-3524-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a polymer acceptor named BT-Cl with a “bridging” structure, which contained a benzodithiophene unit analogous to that of donor D18, and cyano (CN) groups and heterocyclic structures similar to those in acceptor N3, was synthesized. The “bridging” structure ensured good compatibility of BT-Cl with both D18 and N3, and effectively helped to reduce the large phase separation size of D18/N3 binary blend film when added as a third component. Meanwhile, the addition of BT-Cl to the D18/N3 blend can improve the crystallinity and enhance the light absorption efficiency to some extent. The “bridging” structure also resulted higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of BT-Cl than that of N3, which effectively improve the open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i>_OC) of the ternary device and consequently the power conversion efficiency (PCE). This work showed that the polymer with “bridging” structure as the third component was an effective strategy to decrease the large phase separation size.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"44 3","pages":"813 - 820"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving Simultaneous High Thermal Stability and Rapid Seawater Degradation in Poly(butylene succinate-co-glycolide) Copolyesters","authors":"Yu-Hao Wang,&nbsp;Jie Wang,&nbsp;Shi-Hong Gong,&nbsp;Dian-Hao Li,&nbsp;Bao-Jun Luo,&nbsp;Chao Wei,&nbsp;Chun-Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10118-025-3535-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-025-3535-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ocean-degradable polyesters incorporating hydrophilic and rapidly degradable glycolide (GL) units into the polymer chain are the most promising for addressing marine plastic pollution, however, it is challenging to obtain high-molecular-weight copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions. Herein, we prepared a novel biodegradable material, poly(butylene succinate-<i>co</i>-glycolide) (PBSGL), through ring-opening copolymerization using glycolide, succinic anhydride, and 1,4-butanediol as raw materials, providing a new solution strategy for marine pollution. GL could be polymerized according to the pre-designed composition by ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results, indicating controlled polymerization with the synthesized PBSGLs having a weight-average molecular weight of up to 12.30×10⁴ g/mol and a narrow molecular weight distribution (1.33–1.65). Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that <i>T</i>_g of PBSGLs increased from −32.5 °C to −26.5 °C with the increase of GL content from 0% to 40%, while <i>T</i>_m (&gt;76 °C) was much lower than <i>T</i>_d,5% (&gt;314 °C), which indicated that PBSGLs had good thermal stability and expanded the processing window and application range of the original poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) materials. Under simulated difficult conditions, PBSGL copolyesters could degrade faster with increasing GL content, where PBSGL40 degraded by 22.6% in 12 days, showing good biodegradability. Currently, most biodegradable polyesters with good performance slowly degrade in seawater. In a 30-day artificial seawater degradation test, the amorphous PBSGL40 copolyester showed a about 15-fold (2.33% weight loss) improvement in degradation ability compared to pure PBS, demonstrating rapid seawater degradation capability.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"44 3","pages":"653 - 663"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline Derivatives as Photoredox Catalysts for Photoinduced Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (O-ATRP) at ppm-Level Loading","authors":"Wen-Zhe Xu,&nbsp;Wan-Chao Hu,&nbsp;Bei Liu,&nbsp;Chang-Li Lü","doi":"10.1007/s10118-025-3540-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-025-3540-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (O-ATRP) is a pivotal technique for the synthesis of polymers with well-defined structures that are devoid of metallic residues. A major challenge in this area is the reduction of catalyst loading while maintaining precise control over polymer architecture and properties. Herein, we systematically evaluate the efficacy of six pyrazino[2,3-<i>f</i>][1,10]phenanthroline (pyzPhen)-based photoredox catalysts in photoinduced O-ATRP. Experimental results indicate that the introduction of various substituents markedly influences the photophysical properties and redox behavior of the catalysts, thereby resulting in differing catalytic efficiencies in the O-ATRP of methyl methacrylate (MMA). Following additional optimization, two highly efficient O-ATRP photocatalysts capable of exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) were successfully identified. Under visible light irradiation, TADF catalysts effectively mediated the controlled polymerization of MMA at a low loading level of 50 ppm, particularly when used in conjunction with the initiator DBMM. The catalytic systems demonstrate excellent temporal control, broad monomer applicability, and favorable compatibility with various initiators and solvent systems. This work offers new insights into the development of efficient, low-catalyst-loading, metal-free ATRP systems.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"44 3","pages":"664 - 674"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147558914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-swelling Zwitterionic Gels with High Stretchability, Conductivity for Wireless Underwater Strain Sensing","authors":"Hai-Yan Du,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Qing Xu,&nbsp;Yi-Chang Cao,&nbsp;Hui Jia,&nbsp;Ying Li","doi":"10.1007/s10118-025-3527-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-025-3527-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gel-based flexible wearable sensors have attracted considerable interest in aquatic environments. However, the development of underwater conductive gel sensors with outstanding anti-swelling, mechanical, and sensing capabilities faces significant challenges. The aim of this study is to develop anti-swelling and conductive zwitterionic gels and investigate their applications in wireless underwater strain sensing. Multi-functional zwitterionic gels were fabricated by copolymerizing [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide (SBMA) and acrylic acid (AA) in a mixed solution of aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) under ultraviolet light (360 nm). PSBMA was switched from a neutral polymer to a positively charged polymer because of the combination of Al³⁺ with the negative groups SO₃⁻. The water molecules were eliminated because of electrostatic repulsion. The gels exhibited anti-swelling properties (swelling ratio &lt;11%), high stretchability (600% strain), and toughness (2451 kJ/m³). The PPAS-Al³⁺ gel was integrated with a wireless Bluetooth system to construct underwater wearable strain sensors that could accurately capture the signals caused by human joint movements and speech recognition even in water. Antibacterial activity (&gt;98.9% inhibition) and stable wireless sensing have potential applications in the fields of wearable sensors, underwater communication, and intelligent healthcare.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"44 3","pages":"792 - 802"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Properties of Poly(ethylene succinate)-b-poly(butylene carbonate) Multiblock Copolymers","authors":"Xu-Cheng Du,&nbsp;Zhen-Chao Li,&nbsp;Ai-Min Mao,&nbsp;Pei-Xian Wang,&nbsp;Jun Ma,&nbsp;Zi-Qing Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10118-025-3532-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-025-3532-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a series of poly(ethylene succinate)-<i>b</i>-poly(butylene carbonate) (PES-<i>b</i>-PBC) multiblock copolymers were prepared through the chain-extension reaction of hydroxyl-terminated PES (PES-OH) and hydroxyl-terminated PBC (PBC-OH) prepolymers with 1,6-hexmethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as a chain extender. The effects of the prepolymer molecular weight and content on the structure and application properties of the PES-<i>b</i>-PBC copolymers were systematically investigated using various techniques. It was found that the compatibility of PES and PBC blocks in PES-<i>b</i>-PBC copolymers can be greatly enhanced by lowering the length of the prepolymers, and the amorphous phase of the PES and PBC chain segments in the PES-<i>b</i>-PBC copolymer would transform from immiscibility and partial miscibility to miscibility when the number-average molecular weight (<i>M</i>_n) of the PES-OH and PBC-OH prepolymers is less than 2000 g/mol. Only the crystal structure of bare PES can be observed in the wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) spectrum of the PES-<i>b</i>-PBC copolymers, but their crystallinity degrees were found to decrease with increasing PBC fraction. The thermal behavior, crystallization performance, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and degradation properties of the PES-<i>b</i>-PBC multiblock copolymers can be easily modulated by altering the block length and composition of the prepolymers, offering potential applications in biodegradable materials.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"44 3","pages":"743 - 755"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust Skin-adaptable Bioelectronics with Self-adhesive Polysaccharide Hydrogel Conductors for Multimodal Physiological Signal Acquisition","authors":"Shan Xia,&nbsp;Lei Yang,&nbsp;Ming Wang,&nbsp;Qi Wang,&nbsp;Yu-Jiao Bi,&nbsp;Guang-Hui Gao","doi":"10.1007/s10118-025-3533-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-025-3533-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The currently reported conductive hydrogels are mainly used to detect the mechanical signals of human movement, whereas the application of detecting weak electrophysiological signals in epidermal electrodes is still limited by a low signal-to-noise ratio and motion artifacts. In this study, a one-pot method was used to prepare a hydrogel conductor with excellent flexibility, self-adhesiveness, and compliance by introducing chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HAAC) and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) into the polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel network. By adjusting the AMPS and HAAC contents, the hydrogel showed skin-like mechanical properties and surface adhesion, successfully eliminating the gap with the skin surface. The self-adhesive hydrogel showed a lower impedance (approximately 190 kΩ) than commercial Ag/AgCl electrodes. Notably, the hydrogel electrodes exhibited a significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than the commercial electrodes at the same level of muscle contraction. The hydrogel electrodes could accurately detect dynamic weak EMG signals and successfully drive the prosthetic hand to grasp without errors. Importantly, the combination of hydrogel strain sensors and epidermal electrodes can quantify the mode, frequency, and intensity of human movement, which has broad application prospects in data acquisition for daily exercise, fitness, and rehabilitation.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"44 3","pages":"882 - 893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147558934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}