{"title":"Photostabilization of Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) Films with Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers: Performance Evaluation and Mechanistic Insights","authors":"Yang Wang, Wen-Qing He, Su-Nan Tian, Yue Wang, Run-Hao Bai, Aurore Richel, Qiu-Yun Liu, Jia-Lei Liu, Cai-Bin Li, He-Qing Cai, Zhi-Chao Zhen, Qi Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10118-026-3554-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-026-3554-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The application of poly(butylene adipate-<i>co</i>-terephthalate) (PBAT) biodegradable plastics has long been constrained by insufficient light aging resistance. Hindered amine light stabilizers (HALSs), known as eco-friendly additives, can scavenge free radicals to enhance polymer durability. However, rough choices have resulted in wastage of resources and environmental pressure. Based on the application of plastic films as the background for use, this study systematically evaluates application effects of five HALSs. The films underwent accelerated aging for various durations and were further investigated by a combination of experiments and molecular simulation. Results showed that all HALSs mitigated PBAT light aging, with Chimassorb-944 (UV-944) and Tinuvin-770 (UV-770) performing the best for real applications. Quantum chemical calculation results showed that UV-944 had stronger anti migration ability. After 300 h of aging, films with UV-944 and UV-770 retained superior tensile strength and elongation at break in the transverse direction compared to neat PBAT films. Polymeric HALSs provided better long-term stability than small-molecule ones. Further spectra analysis indicated that stronger C—O bonds in HALS/PBAT composites correlated with improved photostability. This study offers valuable insights into improving weather resistance of PBAT biodegradable films and optimizing the real application of HALSs.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"44 4","pages":"1046 - 1058"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electropolymerized Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Films as Hole-injection Layers for Organic Light-emitting Diodes","authors":"Biao Chen, Ying Wang, Ming-Liang Xie, Jiang-Bo Liu, Ling-Yu Wang, Wei Chang, Ling Lin, Yu-Long Li, Meng-Ming Sun, Bo-Han Wang, Yu-Guang Ma","doi":"10.1007/s10118-026-3566-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-026-3566-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrodeposited organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology requires a spin-coating-free hole-injection layer that simultaneously provides smooth surface morphology, stable energy levels, and compatibility with high-resolution pixel architectures. In this study, electropolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) in poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS<sup>−</sup>) surfactant-solubilized colloidal media is shown to afford poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films with robust surface uniformity and stable energy levels suitable for application as hole-injection layers in OLEDs. Systematic investigation reveals that the hole-injection properties of these films are governed primarily by the colloidal chemistry of EDOT/PSS<sup>−</sup> surfactant-solubilized systems, rather than by conventional electrochemical parameters. This colloidal regulation modulates the film work function over a practically useful range. Incorporation of optimized films into OLEDs leads to enhanced hole injection and improved device performance, with external quantum efficiency increasing from 2.2% to 7.4% and minimal roll-off. Overall, this work demonstrates a feasible example of realizing spin-coating-free hole-injection layers, offering a potential direction for the development of electrodeposited injection layers for OLEDs.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"44 4","pages":"996 - 1006"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao-Da Pan, Yun-Kui Song, Chong-Zhi Sun, Chao-Yang Yuan, Zong-Min Zhu, Jia-Ran Wang, Xian-Ze Yin, Hong-Tao Liu, Li Liu, Long Zheng
{"title":"Synergistic Bioinspired Interface and Segregated Graphene Oxide Networks Enabling Enhanced Mechanical Strength and Chemical Resistance in Natural Rubber Latex Composites","authors":"Xiao-Da Pan, Yun-Kui Song, Chong-Zhi Sun, Chao-Yang Yuan, Zong-Min Zhu, Jia-Ran Wang, Xian-Ze Yin, Hong-Tao Liu, Li Liu, Long Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s10118-026-3580-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-026-3580-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural rubber (NR) latex is a renewable colloidal dispersion used in medical gloves, coatings, and flexible products. It is known for its excellent elasticity and film-forming ability but is limited by insufficient mechanical robustness and chemical resistance. Incorporating nanofillers, such as graphene oxide (GO), is an effective approach to enhance its performance; however, achieving strong interfacial compatibility between hydrophilic GO and the nonpolar rubber matrix remains challenging. To overcome this issue, a multifunctional interfacial design inspired by mussel adhesion chemistry was developed to construct a hierarchical and cohesive GO network within the NR latex matrix. A tannic acid-based modifier (TM) bearing catechol and thiol groups was synthesized and anchored onto latex particles <i>via</i> hydrogen bonding with surface proteins and phospholipids, enabling subsequent <i>π</i>–<i>π</i> interactions and hydrogen bonding with GO nanosheets. This guided the selective self-assembly of GO into a continuous segregated network along the latex particle boundaries. Hierarchical interface reinforcement was achieved through Eu<sup>3+</sup> ligand coordination. The incorporation of GO and enhancement of interfacial interactions promoted strain-induced crystallization, resulting in increased crystallinity and improved load transfer. The resulting composite film containing 0.5 part per hundred rubber GO and the bioinspired interface exhibited a tensile strength that was 107.8% higher than that of the pure NR latex film, while maintaining an elongation at break of 915%. Tear strength increased by 118.5%, toughness reached 61.7 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>, nitrogen permeability decreased by 20.1%, and antibacterial efficiency against both <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> reached 99.9%. The films also exhibited enhanced resistance to organic solvents, acids, and alkalis. This study provides a green and scalable strategy for fabricating high-performance NR latex-based products suitable for medical, protective, and engineering applications.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"44 4","pages":"1186 - 1198"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mei Feng, Nan Wang, Yan Wang, Bi-Jun Xu, Xiao-Gang Wang, Ting-Ting Sun
{"title":"Length-dependent Nanopore Transport and Surface-induced Unfolding of Polyglutamine Chains","authors":"Mei Feng, Nan Wang, Yan Wang, Bi-Jun Xu, Xiao-Gang Wang, Ting-Ting Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10118-026-3568-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-026-3568-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by the abnormal expansion of polyglutamine (polyQ) repeats encoded in exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene, with neurotoxicity typically emerging when the repeat length exceeds 36 glutamine residues. Increasing the polyQ length promotes hypercompact conformations; however, how such compact chains mechanically unfold under nanoconfinement remains insufficiently understood. In this study, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the nanopore transport and surface-induced unfolding of polyQ chains of different lengths (Q22, Q36, Q40, and Q46) through graphene nanopores under controlled pulling velocities. By quantitatively analyzing the transport dynamics, as characterized by the pulling force, radius of gyration, center-of-mass distance, interaction energies, number of transported residues, and pulling energy, we demonstrated that polyQ chains of all investigated lengths can successfully translocate through the nanopore and undergo progressive unfolding on the graphene surface over a wide range of pulling velocities. Longer polyQ chains exhibit a higher resistance to unfolding, characterized by enhanced force peaks and increased pulling energy, reflecting stronger intramolecular interactions. Moreover, slower pulling velocities reduce the force fluctuations and lower the overall pulling energy. These results provide molecular-level mechanistic insights into the length-dependent transport and surface-mediated unfolding of polyQ, offering a physical basis for understanding polyQ conformational regulation relevant to Huntington’s disease.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"44 4","pages":"1165 - 1172"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thiadiazoloquinoxaline-based Donor-Acceptor Type Copolymers towards Ultrabroadband Optical Limiting","authors":"Jiang Wang, Pei-Ran Wang, Xiao-Wei Cheng, Shu-Yun Zhou, Shuai Han, Shi-Zhuo Xiao, Ji-Bin Sun, Cheng-Hua Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10118-026-3560-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-026-3560-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Construction of electron donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated system is an established strategy for achieving reverse saturable absorption (RSA) and broadband optical limiting (OL). Nevertheless, organic materials exhibit OL ability across the visible to near-infrared-II spectra range remain scarce. Herein, a series of D-A type <i>π</i>-conjugated copolymers with ultra-narrow bandgaps (0.62–0.76 eV) and strong ICT absorption were synthesized by coupling electron-withdrawing block [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-<i>g</i>]quinoxaline (TQ) with various electron-donating groups (thiophene, selenophene, bithiophene, di(thiophen-2-yl)ethene, and thienothiophene for <b>P1–P5</b>, respectively). <i>Z</i>-scan experiments reveal that all copolymers exhibit RSA behaviours at both 532 and 1064 nm, while <b>P1, P3</b> and <b>P4</b> maintain RSA performance extending to 1600 nm. Among all copolymers, <b>P5</b> exhibits the strongest RSA performance upon both 532 and 1064 nm laser pulses, with the highest nonlinear absorption coefficient (<i>β</i><sub>eff</sub>) of 51.5 and 49.4 cm·GW<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, and the lowest OL onset fluence (<i>F</i><sub>on</sub>) of 0.31 and 0.38 J·cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. In contrast, <b>P4</b> shows optimal RSA property at 1600 nm laser pulse, with <i>β</i><sub>eff</sub> of 13.1 cm·GW<sup>−1</sup> and <i>F</i><sub>on</sub> of 1.43 J·cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. Combining the results of <i>Z</i>-scan and UV-Vis-NIR experiments, it can be speculated that moderate ground-state absorption, rather than excessively strong absorption, favors superior RSA properties. This work offers valuable insights for designing copolymers with excellent RSA behavior, as well as presents a class of candidate material systems for ultrabroadband optical limiting.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"44 4","pages":"1017 - 1026"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on the Differences in Crystallization Behavior of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Induced by Amide-based and Hydrazide-based Nucleating Agents","authors":"Jiang-Hua Lin, Wen-Hao Xiao, Jing-Bo Wu, Jia-Le Wu, Rui-Jie Xu, Cai-Hong Lei","doi":"10.1007/s10118-026-3575-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-026-3575-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although amide- and hydrazide-based nucleating agents have been extensively used to enhance the crystallization performance of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), structurally similar nucleating agents exhibit significant differences in their crystallization-promoting efficiency, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, a series of nucleating agents, including <i>N,N</i>-diphenylterephthalamide (DPTA), <i>N,N,N</i>-triphenyl-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide (TPTA), <i>N,N</i>-diphenyl terephthalohydrazide (DBTA), and <i>N,N,N</i>-tribenzoyl-1,3,5-benzenetricarbohydrazide (TBTA), were designed and synthesized to investigate the differences in their effects on the crystallization performance of PLA. Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that DBTA had a smaller electrostatic potential difference (66.2 kcal/mol). During the cooling process, DBTA could stably form more intermolecular hydrogen bonds with PLA and exhibit a higher interaction energy, thus theoretically enabling more efficient promotion of PLA crystallization. Further differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results revealed that at a 0.5 wt% loading of DBTA, the crystallization peak temperature of the PLA-DBTA composite reached 118.1 °C during cooling, whereas no distinct crystallization peak was observed for pure PLA under identical conditions. The crystallinity of the composite was significantly increased to 58.4% compared to 14.6% of pure PLA. Moreover, under isothermal crystallization at 130 °C, DBTA reduced the half-crystallization time of PLA to 2.9 min, while the half-crystallization time for pure PLA was 27.4 min. Time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results also confirmed that DBTA promoted the formation of gt conformational isomers of PLA during the crystallization process. This study elucidates the mechanism behind the performance differences between structurally similar nucleating agents in regulating PLA crystallization from the perspective of molecular electrostatic potential and hydrogen bonding interactions, providing a theoretical basis for the molecular design of efficient nucleating agents.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"44 4","pages":"1173 - 1185"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of Polydicyclopentadiene Thermosets with High Stretchability and Self-healing Properties via Ring-opening Metathesis Polymerization","authors":"Wu Li, Cheng-Yang Ban, Yu-Hao Xiong, Da-Wei Zhang, You-Gui Li, Meng-He Xu, Gui-Fu Si","doi":"10.1007/s10118-026-3577-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-026-3577-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermosetting polymers exhibit outstanding mechanical properties, thermal stability, and chemical resistance due to their permanently cross-linked network structures. However, the irreversible nature of covalent cross-linking renders these materials non-reprocessable and non-recyclable, posing significant environmental challenges. Although healable polymers based on dynamic covalent bonds and supramolecular interactions have emerged as promising alternatives, a broadly applicable strategy utilizing metal-ligand coordination in thermoset systems remains underexplored. In this work, we present a robust and healable thermoset system fabricated <i>via</i> ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of commercially available chelating norbornene comonomers. Cross-linking is accomplished through O-donor coordination to Lewis acidic metal centers, yielding polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD)-based networks that demonstrate high mechanical strength (up to 60.8 MPa) and effective self-healing performance. This methodology offers a simple and scalable approach to developing high-performance, sustainable thermosetting materials.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"44 4","pages":"1083 - 1089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min Wang, Xiao Zhang, Li-Yao Liu, Ye Zou, Chong-An Di
{"title":"Engineering Process of Polymer for Thermoelectric Applications","authors":"Min Wang, Xiao Zhang, Li-Yao Liu, Ye Zou, Chong-An Di","doi":"10.1007/s10118-026-3622-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-026-3622-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermoelectric (TE) materials, which are capable of direct conversion between heat and electricity, offer a promising solution for sustainable energy harvesting. Conjugated polymers have emerged as compelling candidates for flexible TE devices owing to their intrinsic flexibility, low cost, and low thermal conductivity. The performance of polymer-based organic thermoelectrics (OTEs) is profoundly influenced by the processing methods, which dictate molecular packing, crystallinity, and film morphology. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in polymer processing techniques for TE applications, including solution processing, patterning techniques, and large-area fabrication. We discuss the interrelationships among processing techniques, polymer microstructure, and TE performance, concluding with the current challenges and future perspectives for industrializing high-performance OTE devices.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"44 4","pages":"906 - 921"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Cui, Li Shao, Hao-Zhe Wang, Cheng-Ran Du, Jing Zhang
{"title":"Investigation of Durable Wettability of Polyethylene Separators via Continuous Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment with Ar/O2/Tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane","authors":"Jie Cui, Li Shao, Hao-Zhe Wang, Cheng-Ran Du, Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10118-026-3569-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-026-3569-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid decay of the surface wettability of plasma-treated polymers remains a critical limitation for their practical application in advanced materials. This study introduces a continuous atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) technique for fabricating polyethylene (PE) separators with durable wettability, and elucidates the underlying mechanism. A systematic comparison of APP treatments with non-deposition and deposition gases, including Ar, Ar/O<sub>2</sub>, Ar/tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (TMCTS), and Ar/O<sub>2</sub>/TMCTS, revealed the key impact factors in achieving durable wettability. Owing to the synergistic interactions of SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>C<sub><i>y</i></sub>H<sub><i>z</i></sub> nanoparticulate deposition, physical etching, and oxidative functionalization, the PE separator treated by Ar/O<sub>2</sub>/TMCTS exhibited a 17.5-fold electrolyte wetting area compared to the original one. The improved surface energy and roughness of the SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>C<sub><i>y</i></sub>H<sub><i>z</i></sub> nanoparticle coating enhanced its electrochemical performance. The ionic conductivity increased by 1.9 times, while the charge transfer resistance decreased by 73.7%. Remarkably, owing to further oxidation of the SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>C<sub><i>y</i></sub>H<sub><i>z</i></sub> nanoparticle coating and the increase in its silica-like structure, the wetting area of the Ar/O<sub>2</sub>/TMCTS-treated separator was still over 14-fold larger than that of the original separator after aging for 90 days. This study demonstrates an eco-friendly and scalable approach for fabricating high-performance battery separators and provides mechanistic insights into durable wettability by APP.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"44 4","pages":"1126 - 1141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10118-026-3569-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}