Energy Industry and Industrial Design (Innovations in Energy Utilization and Equipment Design)最新文献

Modelling and Optimisation of Cooling-slope Parameters of Magnesium AZ91D using Improvement Multi-Objective Jaya Approach for Predicted Feedstock Performance 使用改进型多目标 Jaya 方法对 AZ91D 镁冷却坡参数进行建模和优化，以预测原料性能

Energy Industry and Industrial Design (Innovations in Energy Utilization and Equipment Design) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.2.06

Rahaini Mohd Said, R. Sallehuddin, Norhaizan Mohamed Radzi, W. W. Wan Ali, Mohamad Ridzuan Mohamad Kamal

{"title":"Modelling and Optimisation of Cooling-slope Parameters of Magnesium AZ91D using Improvement Multi-Objective Jaya Approach for Predicted Feedstock Performance","authors":"Rahaini Mohd Said, R. Sallehuddin, Norhaizan Mohamed Radzi, W. W. Wan Ali, Mohamad Ridzuan Mohamad Kamal","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"The cooling-slope (CS) casting technique is one of the simple semi-solid processing (SSP) processes a foundryman uses to produce the feedstock. This study attempts to develop mathematical regression models and optimise the CS parameters process for predicting optimal feedstock performance, which utilises tensile strength and impact strength to reduce the number of experimental runs and material wastage. This study considers several parameters, including pouring temperature, pouring distance, and slanting angles for producing quality feedstock. Hence, multi-objective optimisation (MOO) techniques using computational approaches utilised alongside the caster while deciding to design are applied to help produce faster and more accurate output. The experiment was performed based on the full factorial design (FFD). Then, mathematical regression models were developed from the data obtained and implemented as an objective function equation in the MOO optimisation process. In this study, MOO named multi-objective Jaya (MOJaya) was improved in terms of hybrid MOJaya and inertia weight with archive K-Nearest Neighbor (MOiJaya-aKNN) algorithm. The proposed algorithm was improved in terms of the search process and archive selection to achieve a better feedstock performance through the CS. The study’s findings showed that the values of tensile and impact strengths from MOiJaya_aKNN are close to the experiment values. The results show that the hybrid MOJaya has improved the prediction of feedstock using optimal CS parameters.","PeriodicalId":517913,"journal":{"name":"Energy Industry and Industrial Design (Innovations in Energy Utilization and Equipment Design)","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140283993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smart Hydroponic Farming System Integrated with LED Grow Lights 集成 LED 种植灯的智能水培农业系统

Energy Industry and Industrial Design (Innovations in Energy Utilization and Equipment Design) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.2.11

Primadiyanti Nirbita, K. Chan, Gregory Soon How Thien, C. Lee

{"title":"Smart Hydroponic Farming System Integrated with LED Grow Lights","authors":"Primadiyanti Nirbita, K. Chan, Gregory Soon How Thien, C. Lee","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical farming, including hydroponics, is a growing trend in the agricultural sector due to the increasing demand for food and urbanisation. Thus, hydroponics can save space and achieve faster plant growth compared to traditional farming methods. The concept of smart farming has been applied in this study to improve the ease of control and monitoring of hydroponic systems. The effects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), light distance, and colour (purple and white) on water spinach growth in a hydroponic system were investigated. Additionally, an Internet of Things (IoT) controller was developed and implemented to facilitate the use of the system in an indoor hydroponic-based environment system. Based on the results, the distance between the LED light of 15 cm and the plants and the colour of the LED light (white) can positively impact plant growth in a hydroponic system. Using an IoT controller also allows for continuous monitoring and control of factors that influence plant growth. Hence, this research would catalyse the local smart hydroponic farming system for improved deliverables.","PeriodicalId":517913,"journal":{"name":"Energy Industry and Industrial Design (Innovations in Energy Utilization and Equipment Design)","volume":" 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physical Properties of Full-ripe Dabai (Canarium odontophyllum miq. Variety Song) at Different Fractions 完全成熟的大白（Canarium odontophyllum miq.

Energy Industry and Industrial Design (Innovations in Energy Utilization and Equipment Design) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.2.13

Nur Afiqah Hani Abdul Rashid, R. Shamsudin, S. H. Ariffin, W. Z. @. Zainol @ Abdullah, Puteri Nurain Megat Ahmad Azman

引用次数: 0

Loss-of-Life Analyses Based on Modified Arrhenius and Relative Aging Rate for Non-Thermally Upgraded Paper in Oil-Immersed Transformer 基于修正阿伦尼乌斯和相对老化率的油浸式变压器中非热升华纸张寿命损失分析

Energy Industry and Industrial Design (Innovations in Energy Utilization and Equipment Design) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.2.09

Naji Saleh, N. Azis, J. Jasni, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir, M. Talib

{"title":"Loss-of-Life Analyses Based on Modified Arrhenius and Relative Aging Rate for Non-Thermally Upgraded Paper in Oil-Immersed Transformer","authors":"Naji Saleh, N. Azis, J. Jasni, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir, M. Talib","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the Loss-of-Life (LOL) based on the modified relative aging rate of an Oil Natural Air Natural (ONAN) transformer with voltage and power ratings of 132/33 kV and 60 MVA. The study’s methodology included the determination of the Hotspot Temperature (HST) based on the differential equation in IEC 60076-7. The loading and ambient temperature profiles for HST determination are forecasted based on the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA). Next, a new relative aging rate was developed based on the Arrhenius equation, considering the pre-exponential factors governed by oxygen, moisture in paper, and acids at different content levels. The LOL was computed based on the new relative aging rate. The study’s main aim is to examine the impact of pre-exponential factors on the LOL based on modified Arrhenius and relative aging rate. The results indicate that the LOLs for different conditions increase as the oxygen, moisture, low molecular weight acid (LMA), and high molecular weight acid (HMA) increase. The LOLs are 46 days, 1,354 days, and 2,662 days in the presence of 12,000 ppm, 21,000 ppm, and 30,000 ppm of oxygen. In 1%, 3%, and 5% moisture, the LOLs are 477 days, 2,799 days, and 7,315 days. At 1% moisture, the LOL is 1,418 days for LMA, while for HMA, it is 122 days. The LMA has the highest impact on the LOL compared to other aging acceleration factors.","PeriodicalId":517913,"journal":{"name":"Energy Industry and Industrial Design (Innovations in Energy Utilization and Equipment Design)","volume":" 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Utilization of Aluminum Dross as a Cement Replacement Material for Sustainable Concrete Development 利用铝渣作为水泥替代材料促进混凝土的可持续发展

Energy Industry and Industrial Design (Innovations in Energy Utilization and Equipment Design) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.2.15

Nur Hidayah Mohd Zahari, Ali Salmiaton, S. Sobri, N. A. Mohd. Nasir, Nor Shafizah Ishak

{"title":"Utilization of Aluminum Dross as a Cement Replacement Material for Sustainable Concrete Development","authors":"Nur Hidayah Mohd Zahari, Ali Salmiaton, S. Sobri, N. A. Mohd. Nasir, Nor Shafizah Ishak","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"The recovery of aluminum from aluminum dross waste involves intensive cost and energy. Therefore, there is a need for its utilization as an engineering material by using it as a filler material in concrete production. The cement industry is battling numerous difficulties due to the shortage of raw materials and sustainability issues related to the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. On this basis, the present study aims to utilize aluminum dross as a replacement material for cement to develop sustainable concrete. In this study, the results of control concrete samples were compared to the results of concrete samples containing aluminum dross by 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight of cement. The mechanical and chemical analysis of the M40 grade concrete employing aluminum dross as a replacement material in cement was analyzed. It was noticed that the best percentage of aluminum dross was 10%, providing better results compared with conventional concrete. It recorded the highest strength of 41.3MPa. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted in which weight loss, decomposition of hydration compounds, and percentage of calcium hydroxide from concrete were determined. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the density of concrete increased owing to the presence of ettringite needles and calcium silicate hydrate in the matrix. Moreover, the toxicity analysis revealed that the ammonia content and the leachability of trace elements from the concrete were both low and within acceptable ranges. The findings indicate that aluminum dross has positive results as an additional cementitious material in concrete to overcome environmental problems related to dross management and reduce cement utilization, producing more sustainable concrete.","PeriodicalId":517913,"journal":{"name":"Energy Industry and Industrial Design (Innovations in Energy Utilization and Equipment Design)","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microencapsulation of Citrus Hystrix Essential Oil by Gelatin B/Chitosan Complex Coacervation Technique 用明胶 B/Chitosan 复合物共凝胶技术微囊化 Citrus Hystrix 精油

Energy Industry and Industrial Design (Innovations in Energy Utilization and Equipment Design) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.2.07

Siti Afiqah ‘Aisyah Murtadza, N. A. Md Zaki, Junaidah Jai, Fazlena Hamzah, Nur Suhanawati Ashaari, D. S. Fardhyanti, Megawati Megawati, Nadya Alfa Cahaya Imani

{"title":"Microencapsulation of Citrus Hystrix Essential Oil by Gelatin B/Chitosan Complex Coacervation Technique","authors":"Siti Afiqah ‘Aisyah Murtadza, N. A. Md Zaki, Junaidah Jai, Fazlena Hamzah, Nur Suhanawati Ashaari, D. S. Fardhyanti, Megawati Megawati, Nadya Alfa Cahaya Imani","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"Complex coacervation is an encapsulation technique used to preserve the bio functionality of essential oils as well as provide controlled release. In this present work, encapsulation of Citrus Hystrix essential oil (CHEO) was formed by a complex coacervation technique with Gelatin-B (Gel B) and Chitosan (Chi) as the capping materials. The suitable encapsulation formulation was investigated as a function of pH and wall ratio using Zeta Potential analysis. Turbidity measurement and coacervate yield were carried out to confirm the suitable condition. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) was used to obtain the encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of the process. Results show that the suitable condition for coacervate formation between Gel B and Chi ratio of 5:1 was at pH 5.8, which produced a high encapsulation efficiency of 94.81% ± 2.60. FTIR analysis validates the formation of coacervate as well as the encapsulated CHEO. The encapsulates obtained were spherical and dominated by 194.557 um particles. The CHEO was successfully encapsulated by a complex coacervation method.","PeriodicalId":517913,"journal":{"name":"Energy Industry and Industrial Design (Innovations in Energy Utilization and Equipment Design)","volume":" 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microencapsulation of Acalypha indica Linn. Extracts Using Chitosan-Polycaprolactone Blends 用壳聚糖-聚己内酯混合物微胶囊化 Acalypha indica Linn.使用壳聚糖-聚己内酯混合物的提取物微胶囊技术

Energy Industry and Industrial Design (Innovations in Energy Utilization and Equipment Design) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.2.14

Maizatul Akmal Johari, Fathilah Ali, A. S. Azmi, H. Anuar, J. Jamaluddin, R. Hasham

{"title":"Microencapsulation of Acalypha indica Linn. Extracts Using Chitosan-Polycaprolactone Blends","authors":"Maizatul Akmal Johari, Fathilah Ali, A. S. Azmi, H. Anuar, J. Jamaluddin, R. Hasham","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer encapsulation is commonly adopted in drug delivery systems to form encapsulation that can assist in delivering active compounds to the targeted area. Acalypha indica (AI) crude extract was obtained from AI plants through ultrasound-assisted extraction. It is naturally unstable in the external environment and, thus, needs to be encapsulated to protect against volatility. Herein, this study emphasized the development of the encapsulations of AI extracts using a chitosan-polycaprolactone (PCL) blend by emulsion-solvent evaporation and freeze-dried methods. Four parameters for Al encapsulation were studied by fixing one parameter at a time. The percentage of encapsulation efficiency (EE%) was recorded as a response for each parameter. The study proceeded with central composite design (CCD) as the response surface methodology (RSM) optimization tool to study the interactions between the factors. Central points were taken from the preliminary data obtained in one-parameter experiments. The validation was carried out with two data of the highest and lowest EE% suggested by CCD. The highest EE% recorded was 98.70%, and the lowest EE% was 87.80%. The results showed a difference between predicted and experimental values at a percentage lower than 7.5%. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size analyzer, and zeta potential were used to analyze the properties of selected microencapsulated samples. Overall, the encapsulation of AI extracts was successful and has the potential to be used in drug delivery.","PeriodicalId":517913,"journal":{"name":"Energy Industry and Industrial Design (Innovations in Energy Utilization and Equipment Design)","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current Insight on Siraitia grosvenorii Flavonoids Extraction Process and its Bioactivity Characteristic: A Review 目前对 Siraitia grosvenorii 黄酮提取工艺及其生物活性特征的认识：综述

Energy Industry and Industrial Design (Innovations in Energy Utilization and Equipment Design) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.2.08

ZhaoJing ZhaoJing, Douglas Law, A. Najm, Cheah Yew Hoong, S. Fazry

引用次数: 0

Performance of Waste Cooking Oil Esterification for Biodiesel Production Using Various Catalysts 使用各种催化剂生产生物柴油的废食用油酯化性能

Energy Industry and Industrial Design (Innovations in Energy Utilization and Equipment Design) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.2.10

Indah Thuraya Herman, Khairuddin Md Isa, Naimah Ibrahim, Saiful Azhar Saad, Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah, M. A. Abd Aziz, Muhammad Auni Hairunnaja

{"title":"Performance of Waste Cooking Oil Esterification for Biodiesel Production Using Various Catalysts","authors":"Indah Thuraya Herman, Khairuddin Md Isa, Naimah Ibrahim, Saiful Azhar Saad, Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah, M. A. Abd Aziz, Muhammad Auni Hairunnaja","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, waste cooking oil (WCO) with high free fatty acid (FFA) content was esterified to produce biodiesel, and the catalysts’ performance was investigated. Two deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were employed as the liquid catalysts (K2CO3-Gly and KOH-Gly), while the solid heterogeneous catalysts used were spent bleaching earth (SBE), KCC-1, and Na/KCC-1. DESs were prepared by mixing at reaction temperature and time of 80°C and 120 min, respectively. The American Standard Testing Method (ASTM) D974 determined the acid value. The catalysts were first screened for their catalytic activity in WCO esterification. The parameters investigated in this study were oil-to-methanol molar ratio, catalyst loading, reaction time, and temperature. The highest conversion (94.7%) was obtained using Na/KCC-1. The performance of solid and liquid catalysts was evaluated using KOH-Gly and SBE for the reduction of FFA in WCO under different conditions of oil-to-methanol molar ratio (1:6–1:10), catalysts loading (0.2–2.0 g), reaction time (30–60 min), and temperature (40–100°C). The highest reduction of FFA in the esterification process for KOH-Gly and SBE as catalysts was 97.74% and 84.2%, respectively. Transesterification of the esterified oil shows a promising result (97%), and the process can potentially be scaled up. The GC-MS result shows that the produced oil has the highest percentage of hexadecanoic acid and methyl ester.","PeriodicalId":517913,"journal":{"name":"Energy Industry and Industrial Design (Innovations in Energy Utilization and Equipment Design)","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural Deformation and Displacement of a Disc Winding Due to Standard Switching Impulse Voltage via Finite Element Method 通过有限元法计算标准开关冲击电压引起的圆盘绕组结构变形和位移

Energy Industry and Industrial Design (Innovations in Energy Utilization and Equipment Design) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.47836/pjst.32.2.16

Nurul Farahwahida Md Yasid, N. Azis, J. Jasni, Mohd Fairouz Mohd Yousof, M. Talib, Avinash Srikanta Murthy

{"title":"Structural Deformation and Displacement of a Disc Winding Due to Standard Switching Impulse Voltage via Finite Element Method","authors":"Nurul Farahwahida Md Yasid, N. Azis, J. Jasni, Mohd Fairouz Mohd Yousof, M. Talib, Avinash Srikanta Murthy","doi":"10.47836/pjst.32.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"Switching operations in a power system network can lead to transient overvoltage in the high voltage (HV) winding of distribution transformers that causes high-stress build-up. This paper presents the relationship between electromagnetic force due to a standard switching impulse (SSI) and mechanical deformation/displacement behaviours for a disc-type transformer. The analysis was carried out based on a three-dimensional (3D) modelling of a continuous HV disc winding configuration whereby it is subjected to the switching transient voltage and force excitations through the finite element method (FEM). The electric transient solver analysed the static and dynamic aspects of the electromagnetic forces associated with the variation of forces versus time. The transient structural solver evaluated the structural behaviours of the disc winding related to the axial height and radial width of the winding under electromagnetic forces. It is found that the positively dominant axial force generated in the winding with a magnitude of 8.7 N causes the top and bottom layers of disc winding to tilt and displace. In addition, the positive average radial force of 1.4 N causes the circumference of the winding to experience hoop tension and outwardly stretch.","PeriodicalId":517913,"journal":{"name":"Energy Industry and Industrial Design (Innovations in Energy Utilization and Equipment Design)","volume":" 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0