Frontiers in insect science最新文献

{"title":"A universal artificial diet for corn rootworm (<i>Diabrotica</i> spp.) larval biopesticide assays.","authors":"Khanh-Van Ho, Bruce E Hibbard, Thu T H Do, Adrian J Pekarcik, Man P Huynh","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1392198","DOIUrl":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1392198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We identified a single diet formulation that can be used for three <i>Diabrotica</i> species including southern (SCR), western (WCR), and northern corn rootworm (NCR) by evaluating the performance of these pests on specialized diets (F9800B diet for SCR, WCRMO-2 diet for WCR, and NCRMO-1 diet for NCR) and a larval diet (F9772 diet) widely used for lepidopteran species. After 10 days of rearing, the WCRMO-2 diet yielded better or equal larval growth and development of all three rootworm species compared to other diets. For SCR larvae, the WCRMO-2 diet outperformed other diets. Larval fresh weight, percent molt to 2nd instar, and percent molt to 3rd instar on the WCRMO-2 diet were 12-fold, 2.7-fold, and 14-fold increases, respectively compared to that of the F9800B diet. Significantly more SCR larvae survived on the WCRMO-2 diet (98.9%) than on the F9800B diet (90.6%). The WCRMO-2 diet supported WCR and NCR larvae equal to the NCRMO-1 diet and better than other diets. The F9772 diet was the worst diet of all examined species. The availability of a universal diet (the WCRMO-2 diet) for the three <i>Diabrotica</i> species would facilitate research programs to monitor resistance development and develop new control tactics targeting these important pests.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"4 ","pages":"1392198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11249545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141629647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of specific reference gene for normalization of RT-qPCR data in rhythmic gene expression studies of the effect of developmental hormone antagonist in postembryonic development in <i>Bombyx mori</i>.","authors":"Minurani Dalai, Anita Jagota","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1362473","DOIUrl":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1362473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Bombyx mori</i> is a lepidopteran holometabolous insect with distinct developmental stages: egg, larvae, pupae, and adult. The lepidopteran insect undergoes major modifications in the central nervous system (CNS) so as to adapt to the lifestyle of these distinct stages with specific habitats and functions from voraciously feeding larval stages to flying reproductive adults via dormant pupal stages. Such transitions are linked to transcriptional, epigenetic, and translational complexities. Therefore, studying rhythmic gene expression in CNS of various developmental stages and the effects of antagonists on developmental hormones requires a very stable reference gene (RG). To facilitate rhythmic gene expression studies using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in <i>B. mori</i> and the effect of developmental hormone juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxy ecdysone hormone (20 HE), antagonists Precocene 1 and testosterone, respectively, were used. Eight candidate RGs, namely, <i>Translational initiation factor 3 subunit 4</i> (TI3S4), <i>Translational initiation factor 3 subunit 5</i> (TI3S5), <i>Ribosomal protein subunit 7</i> (RPs7), <i>TATA-binding protein association factor</i> (TAF13), <i>Translational initiation factor 4 A</i> (TI4A), <i>Ribosomal protein</i> (RPL32), <i>Elongation factor</i> 1 (EF1), and <i>Arginine kinase</i> (AK), were assessed in the CNS of <i>B. mori</i>. The postembryonic developmental (PED) stages used were the fifth late larval instar, early pupa, mid pupa, late pupa, and adult. The assessments were done at four different time points, Zeitgeber time (ZT) 0, 6, 12, and 18, to find stability towards 24-h rhythmic expression. RefFinder, geNorm, and Ct value analysis were performed. RefFinder and geNORM studies suggested stability order as TI3S4 > TI3S5 > RPs7, but Ct value evaluation showed stability order as TI3S5 > TI3S4 > RPs7. We therefore demonstrated that TI3S4, TI3S5, and RPs7 can be used as RG in various PED stages in CNS of <i>B. mori</i> (Strain: CB-hybrid, PM×CSR2) towards studies with effects of JH and 20 HE antagonists.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"4 ","pages":"1362473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11239437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lablab (<i>Lablab purpureus</i> L.) genotypes and field margin vegetation influence bean aphids and their natural enemies.","authors":"Joseph M Karimi, Jane G Nyaanga, Richard M S Mulwa, Joshua O Ogendo, Philip K Bett, Erick K Cheruiyot, Sarah E J Arnold, Steven R Belmain, Philip C Stevenson","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1328235","DOIUrl":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1328235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lablab (<i>Lablab purpureus</i> L.) is an important food and livestock feed legume that can also enhance soil fertility. However, its production is limited by insect pests, notably the black bean aphid (<i>Aphis fabae</i>). The present field study was conducted to determine the difference in the contribution of lablab genotypes and natural field margin vegetation (FMV) to the abundance and diversity of natural enemies and the damage, incidence, and abundance of bean aphids. Eighteen lablab genotypes were planted in the presence or absence of FMV in a randomized complete block design experiment replicated four times. Data on aphid abundance, incidence, and severity of damage were collected at four growth stages of the crop. Lablab genotypes significantly influenced aphid incidence, suggesting some level of tolerance to aphid colonization. Findings showed that lablab genotypes were a significant influence on natural enemy species richness with no statistical difference for abundance and natural enemy species diversity. However, the genotypes did not vary significantly in their influence on the number of aphid natural enemies. FMV was associated with low bean aphid damage. Overall, the presence or absence of FMV did not influence the number of natural enemies caught on the crop. This concurs with recent work that shows a similar number of natural enemies with field margin plants but may reflect the reduced number of pest insects. Cropping seasons influenced aphid abundance and damage severity, with the populations developing at the early stages of lablab development and decreasing as the crop advanced. This pattern was similar both in the presence or absence of FMV. The findings of this study highlight the important contribution of crop genotype together with the presence of field margin species in the regulation of aphids and their natural enemies in lablab.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"4 ","pages":"1328235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11240140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Diet, nutrition and insect responses to environmental change.","authors":"C Ruth Archer, Christopher W Weldon","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1415809","DOIUrl":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1415809","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"4 ","pages":"1415809"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11082436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140913659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Acute imidacloprid exposure alters mitochondrial function in bumblebee flight muscle and brain.","authors":"Chloe Sargent, Brad Ebanks, Ian C W Hardy, T G Emyr Davies, Lisa Chakrabarti, Reinhard Stöger","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1415939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2024.1415939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2021.765179.].</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"4 ","pages":"1415939"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11072180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140874298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turmeric shortens lifespan in houseflies.","authors":"Sophie Laurie, Leah Ainslie, Sharon Mitchell, Juliano Morimoto","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1376011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2024.1376011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change poses a significant threat to food security and global public health with the increasing likelihood of insect pest outbreaks. Alternative ways to control insect populations, preferably using environmental-friendly compounds, are needed. Turmeric has been suggested as a natural insecticide with toxicity properties in some insect groups. However, empirical evidence of the effects of turmeric - and their interaction with other ecological factors such as diet - on insect survival has been limited. Here, we tested the effects of turmeric and its interactions with diets differing in protein source in the common housefly, <i>Musca domestica</i>. We found that turmeric shortened lifespan independent of diet and sex. Females in turmeric diets were heavier at death, which was likely driven by a combination of relatively lower rates of body mass loss during their lifetime and a higher percentage of water content at death. Each sex responded differently to the protein source in the diet, and the magnitude of the difference in lifespan between sexes were greatest in diets in which protein source was hydrolysed yeast; individuals from both sexes lived longest in sucrose-milk diets and shortest in diets with hydrolysed yeast. There was no evidence of an interaction between turmeric and diet, suggesting that the toxicity effects are independent of protein source in the diet. Given the seemingly opposing effects of turmeric in insects and mammals being uncovered in the literature, our findings provide further evidence in support of turmeric as a potential natural insecticide.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"4 ","pages":"1376011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11040687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization, localization, and physiological roles of ITP and ITP-L in the mosquito, <i>Aedes aegypti</i>.","authors":"Farwa Sajadi, Jean-Paul V Paluzzi","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1374325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2024.1374325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The insect ion transport peptide (ITP) and its alternatively spliced variant, ITP-like peptide (ITP-L), belong to the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone family of peptides and are widely conserved among insect species. While limited, studies have characterized the ITP/ITP-L signaling system within insects, and putative functions including regulation of ion and fluid transport, ovarian maturation, and thirst/excretion have been proposed. Herein, we aimed to molecularly investigate <i>Itp</i> and <i>Itp-l</i> expression profiles in the mosquito, <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, examine peptide immunolocalization and distribution within the adult central nervous system, and elucidate physiological roles for these neuropeptides. Transcript expression profiles of both <i>AedaeItp</i> and <i>AedaeItp-l</i> revealed distinct enrichment patterns in adults, with <i>AedaeItp</i> expressed in the brain and <i>AedaeItp-l</i> expression predominantly within the abdominal ganglia. Immunohistochemical analysis within the central nervous system revealed expression of <i>Aedae</i>ITP peptide in a number of cells in the brain and in the terminal ganglion. Comparatively, <i>Aedae</i>ITP-L peptide was localized solely within the pre-terminal abdominal ganglia of the central nervous system. Interestingly, prolonged desiccation stress caused upregulation of <i>AedaeItp</i> and <i>AedaeItp-l</i> levels in adult mosquitoes, suggesting possible functional roles in water conservation and feeding-related activities. RNAi-mediated knockdown of <i>AedaeItp</i> caused an increase in urine excretion, while knockdown of both <i>AedaeItp</i> and <i>AedaeItp-l</i> reduced blood feeding and egg-laying in females as well as hindered egg viability, suggesting roles in reproductive physiology and behavior. Altogether, this study identifies <i>Aedae</i>ITP and <i>Aedae</i>ITP-L as key pleiotropic hormones, regulating various critical physiological processes in the disease vector, <i>A. aegypti</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"4 ","pages":"1374325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11035804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140875101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation of <i>shibire</i> and <i>RpII215</i> temperature-sensitive lethal mutations between <i>Drosophila</i> and <i>Bactrocera tryoni</i>.","authors":"Thu N M Nguyen, Amanda Choo, Simon W Baxter","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1249103","DOIUrl":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1249103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sterile insect technique can suppress and eliminate population outbreaks of the Australian horticultural pest, <i>Bactrocera tryoni</i>, the Queensland fruit fly. Sterile males mate with wild females that produce inviable embryos, causing population suppression or elimination. Current sterile insect releases are mixed sex, as the efficient removal of unrequired factory-reared females is not yet possible. In this paper, we assessed the known <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> temperature-sensitive embryonic lethal alleles <i>shibire</i> (G268D, <i>shi^ts1</i>) and <i>RNA polymerase II 215</i> (R977C, <i>RpII215^ts</i>) for potential use in developing <i>B. tryoni</i> genetic sexing strains (GSS) for the conditional removal of females. Complementation tests in <i>D. melanogaster</i> wild-type or temperature-sensitive genetic backgrounds were performed using the GAL4-UAS transgene expression system. A <i>B. tryoni</i> wild-type <i>shibire</i> isoform partially rescued <i>Drosophila</i> temperature lethality at 29°C by improving survivorship to pupation, while expressing <i>B. tryoni shi^ts1</i> failed to rescue the lethality, supporting a temperature-sensitive phenotype. Expression of the <i>B. tryoni RpII215</i> wild-type protein rescued the lethality of <i>D. melanogaster RpII215^ts</i> flies at 29°C. Overexpressing the <i>B. tryoni RpII215^ts</i> allele in the <i>D. melanogaster</i> wild-type background unexpectedly produced a dominant lethal phenotype at 29°C. The <i>B. tryoni shibire</i> and <i>RpII215</i> wild-type alleles were able to compensate, to varying degrees, for the function of the <i>D. melanogaster</i> temperature-sensitive proteins, supporting functional conservation across species. <i>Shibire</i> and <i>RpII215</i> hold potential for developing insect strains that can selectively kill using elevated temperatures; however, alleles with milder effects than <i>shi^ts1</i> will need to be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"4 ","pages":"1249103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10926519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140103075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Bt corn expressing <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Berliner insecticidal proteins on the growth and survival of <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> larvae in Colombia.","authors":"Jairo Rodriguez-Chalarca, Sandra J Valencia, Alejandra Rivas-Cano, Francisco Santos-González, Diana Patricia Romero","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1268092","DOIUrl":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1268092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioassays were conducted under controlled conditions to determine the response of <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (J. E. Smith) larvae fed with corn materials expressing <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt) insecticidal endotoxins: (1) VT Double Pro^® (VT2P) expressing Cry1A.105-Cry2Ab2 proteins and (2) VT Triple Pro^® (VT3P) expressing Cry1A.105-Cry2Ab2-Cry3Bb1 proteins. The parameters assessed were: (i) mortality rate, and (ii) growth inhibition (GI) with respect to the control. To conduct this study, larvae were collected from commercial non-Bt corn fields, in four agricultural sub-regions in Colombia, between 2018 and 2020. Fifty-two populations were assessed from the field and neonate larvae from each of the populations were used for the bioassays. The study found that mortality rates in the regions for larvae fed with VT2P corn ranged from 95.1 to 100.0%, with a growth inhibition (%GI) higher than 76.0%. Similarly, mortality rate for larvae fed with VT3P corn were between 91.4 and 100.0%, with a %GI above 74.0%. The population collected in Agua Blanca (Espinal, Tolima; Colombia) in 2020, showed the lowest mortality rate of 53.2% and a %GI of 73.5%, with respect to the control. The population that exhibited the lowest %GI was collected in 2018 in Agua Blanca (Espinal, Tolima, Colombia) with a 30.2%, growth inhibition, with respect to the control. In recent years, the use of plant tissue to monitor susceptibility to fall armyworm has proven to be useful in the resistance management program for corn in Colombia determining that the FAW populations are still susceptible to Bt proteins contained in VT2P and VT3P.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"4 ","pages":"1268092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10926427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140103154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate identification of <i>Helicoverpa armigera-Helicoverpa zea</i> hybrids using genome admixture analysis: implications for genomic surveillance.","authors":"Dario Trujillo, Thiago Mastrangelo, Consuelo Estevez de Jensen, Jose Carlos Verle Rodrigues, Roger Lawrie, Steven E Massey","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1339143","DOIUrl":"10.3389/finsc.2024.1339143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>, the cotton bollworm moth, is one of the world's most important crop pests, and is spreading throughout the New World from its original range in the Old World. In Brazil, invasive <i>H. armigera</i> has been reported to hybridize with local populations of <i>Helicoverpa zea</i>. The correct identification of <i>H. armigera-H. zea</i> hybrids is important in understanding the origin, spread and future outlook for New World regions that are affected by outbreaks, given that hybridization can potentially facilitate <i>H. zea</i> pesticide resistance and host plant range via introgression of <i>H. armigera</i> genes. Here, we present a genome admixture analysis of high quality genome sequences generated from two <i>H. armigera-H. zea</i> F1 hybrids generated in two different labs. Our admixture pipeline predicts 48.8% and 48.9% <i>H. armigera</i> for the two F1 hybrids, confirming its accuracy. Genome sequences from five <i>H. zea</i> and one <i>H. armigera</i> that were generated as part of the study show no evidence of hybridization. Interestingly, we show that four <i>H. zea</i> genomes generated from a previous study are predicted to possess a proportion of <i>H. armigera</i> genetic material. Using unsupervised clustering to identify non-hybridized <i>H. armigera</i> and <i>H. zea</i> genomes, 8511 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) were identified. Their relative frequencies are consistent with a minor <i>H. armigera</i> component in the four genomes, however its origin remains to be established. We show that the size and quality of genomic reference datasets are critical for accurate hybridization prediction. Consequently, we discuss potential pitfalls in genome admixture analysis of <i>H. armigera-H. zea</i> hybrids, and suggest measures that will improve such analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"4 ","pages":"1339143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10926370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140103153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}