Frontiers in insect science最新文献

{"title":"Tracking sustainability in crop pest management in the United States using an eco-efficiency index.","authors":"Madison Love, Roger D Magarey, Brian L Holderman, Danesha Seth Carley, Federico Maggi, Naomi Singer","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2025.1582496","DOIUrl":"10.3389/finsc.2025.1582496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While agricultural pesticides are considered essential for global food security, their use poses significant environmental and human health risks. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) offers a science-based framework to minimize these risks by integrating multiple pest management strategies. However, IPM adoption and funding in the United States have been limited, partly due to a 2001 government report highlighting the lack of measurable reductions in pesticide use. To address this challenge, we propose an index based on eco-efficiency, the ratio of agricultural productivity to environmental impacts, to quantify, track, and incentivize IPM adoption. Using crop production and pesticide use data, including both the mass and toxicity of active ingredients, eco-efficiency scores were calculated for ten major U.S. crop groups from 1992 to 2018. The results demonstrate the potential of this index to monitor progress over time and identify shifts in pesticide use relative to crop production. This approach offers a practical, data-driven tool to evaluate pesticide risk reduction, prioritize IPM research and Extension efforts, and support future policy and funding decisions aimed at promoting more sustainable agricultural practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"5 ","pages":"1582496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12130631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical analysis, repellent, larvicidal, and oviposition deterrent activities of plant essential oils against <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, <i>Anopheles gambiae</i>, and <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i>.","authors":"Muhammad Ghazanfar Abbas, Muhammad Binyameen, Muhammad Azeem, Shahid Majeed, Zahid Mehmood Sarwar, Abdul Nazir, Mahar Muhammad Imran Sharif, Amna Parveen, Raimondas Mozūratis","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2025.1582669","DOIUrl":"10.3389/finsc.2025.1582669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-based essential oils have gained attention as a natural alternative for controlling mosquitoes due to their repellent, larvicidal and oviposition deterrent properties. We tested repellent, larvicidal, and oviposition deterrent effects of essential oils (EOs) of <i>Mentha</i> sp<i>icata</i> (L.), <i>Ocimum basilicum</i> (L.), and <i>Abutilon indicum</i> (L.) against three mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) including <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (L.), <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> s. l. Giles, and <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> Say by using contact-based technique. In screening bioassays, <i>M.</i> sp<i>icata I</i>, <i>M.</i> sp<i>icata II</i>, <i>O. basilicum I</i>, <i>O. basilicum II</i>, and <i>A. indicum</i> EOs showed higher repellency against <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i> as compared to <i>Ae. aegypti</i> and <i>An. gambiae</i> when tested at 33.3 μg/cm². In time-span bioassays performed at 33.3 μg/cm², EO of <i>M.</i> sp<i>icata I</i> exhibited 100% repellence up to 45, 30, and 75 min against <i>Ae. aegypti</i>, <i>An. gambiae</i>, and <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i>, respectively. Interestingly, at this tested dose, <i>M.</i> sp<i>icata I</i> and <i>M.</i> sp<i>icata II</i> showed higher repellence compared to DEET against <i>Ae. aegypti</i> and <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i> after 45 and 75 min, respectively. Their repellency was observed up to 150 and 210 min against <i>Ae. aegypti</i> and <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i>, respectively. In larvicidal bioassays, <i>M.</i> sp<i>icata I</i> EO proved more toxic against 2^nd instar larvae of <i>Ae. aegypti</i>, <i>An. gambiae</i>, and <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i> (LC₅₀ = 11.0, 42.9, and 12.6 mg/L, respectively) compared to other tested EOs. In oviposition bioassays, <i>M.</i> sp<i>icata I</i> exhibited the highest activity, showing 60%, 46%, and 79% oviposition deterrence against <i>Ae. aegypti</i>, <i>An. gambiae</i>, and <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i>, respectively, tested at a dose of 600 µg/cm². Major compounds of <i>M.</i> sp<i>icata I</i>, <i>M.</i> sp<i>icata II</i>, <i>O. basilicum I</i>, and <i>O. basilicum II</i> EOs were piperitenone oxide (38.8%), piperitone oxide (35.4%), estragole (55.3%), and linalool (43.8%), respectively. In conclusion, <i>M.</i> sp<i>icata</i> EO could be used to control mosquitoes and their bites.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"5 ","pages":"1582669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12120851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular identification of immature stages of medically important fly species, Puducherry, South India: a preliminary study.","authors":"Sudha Bhuvaneshwaran, Visa Shalini Padmanaban, Ranjana Devi Radja, Gayathri Anandan, Shakila Venkatesan, Janani Semalaiyappan, Ashwani Kumar, Vijesh Sreedhar Kuttiatt","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2025.1551807","DOIUrl":"10.3389/finsc.2025.1551807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flies and maggots are of medical importance, and it is often necessary to identify them at species level. Conventionally, this is carried out based on morphological features using taxonomic keys. However, identification of maggots based on morphology is difficult and required entomological expertise is often lacking in clinical settings. Molecular methods can be an alternative to morphology-based identification and find special application when only tiny pieces of specimens are available especially in cases of human myiasis. In this preliminary study, we explored the utility of mitochondrial COI gene based molecular method, for identifying immature stages of certain medically important flies captured from the field in Puducherry, India. Maggots were captured from different locations in Puducherry using rotten fish and kitchen waste as baits and a 700 bp segment of the COI gene was amplified and genetic relationship was assessed by performing haplotype network analysis. High quality sequences were available for 11 specimens and were subjected to BLAST analysis to identify matches from the database for identification of the species. The identified maggots belonged to <i>Sarcophaga peregrina</i> (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), <i>Hemipyrellia ligurriens</i> (Wiedemann, 1830) and <i>Chrysomya megacephala</i> (Fabricius, 1794). This study generated representative molecular sequence data for two less studied fly species of medical importance, <i>S. peregrina</i> and <i>H. ligurriens</i> from South India. In future, there is a need for further detailed molecular studies on flies in the diverse epidemiological and geographic settings in India with a view to identify cryptic species and new haplotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"5 ","pages":"1551807"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric trends and patterns in Tasar silkworm (<i>Antheraea mylitta</i>) research: a data report (1980-2024).","authors":"J Komal, R Gowrisankar, Vishaka G V, H Nadaf, Ipsita Samal, Pasumarthi Venkata Dinesh Kumar, C Selvaraj, B Thirupam Reddy, T Selvakumar, Deepak Kumar Mahanta, Tanmaya Kumar Bhoi","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2025.1533267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2025.1533267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a bibliometric analysis of publication trends in Tasar silkworm (<i>Antheraea mylitta</i>) research from 1980 to 2024. A comprehensive search was conducted using the Scopus database with keywords related to Tasar silkworm. A total of 741 relevant articles were identified and analyzed using VOSviewer, Bibliometrix, and Biblioshiny in R to examine statistical patterns. Over the decades, research focus has transitioned from fundamental silk characterization to biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, biodegradation studies, and antioxidant properties. Publication trends indicate peak research activity between 2007 and 2010, followed by a decline post-2018, likely due to shifting priorities toward commercially dominant silkworm species. Indian institutions have been the primary contributors, reflecting strong domestic expertise, while global collaborations remain limited. Keyword analysis highlights the growing interdisciplinary nature of Tasar silk research, extending into biomaterials and sustainable technology. Future research directions emphasize biotechnological advancements, biomedical applications, eco-friendly processing, climate resilience, and commercialization strategies. Strengthening international collaborations and integrating innovative technologies will be crucial for advancing Tasar silk research in both scientific and industrial domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"5 ","pages":"1533267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential RNAi efficacy of siRNA and dsRNA targeting key genes for pest control in <i>Spodoptera litura</i>.","authors":"Yu-Chun Lin, Yun-Heng Lu, Yun Liu, Yu-Juan Su, Yu-Hsien Lin, Yueh-Lung Wu","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2025.1574585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2025.1574585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising gene-silencing technique for pest control that targets essential genes. We assessed the potential of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence <i>mesh</i> or <i>iap</i> genes in the midguts of <i>Spodoptera litura</i> larvae. Despite the theoretical promise of RNAi approaches, our findings revealed that dsRNA did not induce significant gene silencing or impact larval growth, whereas siRNA exhibited clear insecticidal effects, likely by disrupting intestinal osmoregulation and impairing larval fitness. Detailed analysis indicated that dsRNA could not be efficiently converted into functional siRNA in the midguts of <i>S. litura</i>, possibly due to the low expression levels of Dicer-2 and the rapid degradation of dsRNA within the gut environment. Furthermore, while dsRNA demonstrated greater environmental stability than siRNA under soil conditions, the inability of <i>S. litura</i> to process dsRNA effectively limits its viability as a pest control agent. These findings indicate the critical role of Dicer-2 in RNAi-mediated gene silencing and highlight the challenges and limitations of employing dsRNA-based genetic pesticides in lepidopteran species.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"5 ","pages":"1574585"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Areawide pest management and agroecosystem resilience to suppress invasive insects.","authors":"Michael J Brewer, Seth J Dorman","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2025.1605737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2025.1605737","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"5 ","pages":"1605737"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aphid wing polyphenism and conspecific egg cannibalism affect the developmental and reproductive performance of <i>Chrysoperla carnea</i>.","authors":"Ahmed A Rashed, Marwa M Ramadan, Mona M Shalaby, Amged El-Harairy, Mohamed H Bayoumy","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2025.1562606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2025.1562606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aphid polyphenism and egg cannibalism may have nutritional consequences for the development, survival, and reproduction of predatory insects. Although predators have the same probability of attacking winged and wingless morphs in natural conditions, an increment in the proportion of winged morphs dispersed under predation risk may have a negative effect on predator feeding by reducing the size of the wingless form available on the plant. However, the wingless aphids may be richer in nutritional value than the dispersed winged aphids. Therefore, the nutritional consequences of aphid morphs and egg cannibalism for development, survival, 10-clutch fecundity and fertility, and the time needed for 10 clutches of eggs <i>Chrysoperla carnea</i> were addressed via a series of experiments. Wingless aphids accelerated the total development and increased the survival of <i>C. carnea</i> compared to the winged aphids. Furthermore, feeding with the wingless form increased the 10-clutch fecundities and fertilities, and reduced the days needed for 10 clutches of eggs. Neonate larvae of <i>C. carnea</i> that devoured two conspecific eggs took a shorter time with an acceleration in the overall development of <i>C. carnea</i>. Immature mortality was higher in controls than in the cannibalism treatment. Reproductive benefits were obvious in females permitted to consume two conspecific eggs during their first instar compared to those that did not. However, the time needed for 10 ovipositions did not differ between both groups. These findings are ecologically significant because <i>C. carnea</i> females are able to adapt to the stresses imposed by nature without needing winged aphid prey to distribute their eggs widely, as their larvae can grow on their own eggs and gain developmental and reproductive benefits from such behavior when prey availability or quality is low.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"5 ","pages":"1562606"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting the <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> spittlebug vector <i>Neophilaenus campestris</i> in the olive cover crops with the entomopathogenic fungus <i>Metarhizium brunneum</i>.","authors":"Juan Carlos Conde-Bravo, María Fernández-Bravo, Inmaculada Garrido-Jurado, Meelad Yousef-Yousef, Enrique Quesada-Moraga","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2025.1579244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2025.1579244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Neophilaenus campestris</i> (Fallén) (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) is among the most abundant, highly dispersible, and widely distributed <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> Wells (Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae) vectors to olive tree in Europe, with emphasis in Andalucía. The development of efficient and environmentally friendly vector management strategies is greatly needed. Entomopathogenic ascomycetes are among the few alternatives for the microbial control of pierce-sucking spittlebugs due to their unique contact mode and ability to endophytically colonize crops. These characteristics allow for several strategic uses aimed at reducing vector populations and/or their disease transmission potential. This study included a two-year field experiment to evaluate the <i>Metarhizium brunneum</i> Petch. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) strain EAMa 01/58-Su sprayed onto <i>N. campestris</i> population naturally present in the olive grove cover in Cordoba (Spain).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Experiments were conducted in early spring, and efficacy was evaluated using the Henderson-Tilton formula, as well as by analyzing changes in the relative population density of both nymphs and adults.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The fungus was detected in the soil and endophytically in the natural cover throughout the 8 days monitoring period, in which the fungal treatment significantly reduced both the nymph and the adult populations. Notably, the efficacy of the fungal treatment was 100.0% and 85.0% for foams and adults in 2023, and 62.5% and 72.0% for foams and adults in 2024, respectively. Results indicate a significant reduction in the population density of both vector developmental stages, highlighting the potential of this fungal strain for managing <i>X. fastidiosa</i> vectors in olive cover crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"5 ","pages":"1579244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12051512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of dopamine in foraging decisions in social insects.","authors":"Dajia Ye, J Frances Kamhi, Deborah M Gordon","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2025.1581307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2025.1581307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animals often need to make decisions about whether to confront risks, and climate change is making these decisions even more critical by increasing environmental stress. Biogenic amines are crucial for modulating behavior in all animals and may contribute to behavioral adaptations to changing environments through supporting decision-making involving risk. Our review focuses on the neuromodulator dopamine in insects because of its role in risk-related behavioral choices, particularly in the context of ant foraging activity. In ants, individual decisions contribute to the collective regulation of foraging activity. We consider the role of dopamine in the regulation of collective foraging activity to manage water loss in the desert red harvester ant, <i>Pogonomyrmex barbatus</i>, in the southwest US that is undergoing severe drought. We discuss dopaminergic circuitry and its involvement in decisions about foraging risk, drawing from both the vertebrate and invertebrate literature, to outline areas of future research in the role of dopamine in collective decision-making in response to changing environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"5 ","pages":"1581307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12043631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> strains on <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> (Hübner).","authors":"Rachid Boulamtat, Karim El Fakhouri, Hassna Jaber, Ali Oubayoucef, Chaimae Ramdani, Nabil Fikraoui, Muamar Al-Jaboobi, Meryem El Fadil, Ilyass Maafa, Abdelhalem Mesfioui, Seid Ahmed Kemal, Mustapha El Bouhssini","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2025.1552694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2025.1552694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The destructive pest of chickpeas, <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> (Hübner), is difficult to control using synthetic insecticides. The current research examined the entomopathogenic and endophytic colonisation effects of three fungal strains of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> (HASS; RFSL10; SP-IR-566) against <i>H. armigera</i> larvae under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions. Four inoculation methods were used in the greenhouse: Root Dipping (RD), Leaf Spraying (LS), Stem Injection (SI), and Seed Coating (SC), while spray application was used for laboratory and field treatments. Under laboratory conditions, the highest entomopathogenic effect was recorded by HASS and RFSL10 strains applied as a direct spray at 10⁸ conidia mL^-1 with 100% mortality, followed by SP-IR-566 with 96%, 12 days after treatment. Furthermore, foliar application in the field reduced larval population by an average ranging from 82 to 100%, confirming the significant effects of the three tested strains. In terms of endophytic colonisation under greenhouse setting, both stem injection and root dipping methods expressed low to moderate mortality rates ranging from 32 to 40%, 15 days after application. These findings suggested that <i>B. bassiana</i> strains, investigated as foliar application, had a potential as an effective strategy to control <i>H. armigera.</i> This study also offers new insights into the potential of the endophytic entomopathogens approach as a viable and safe alternative to chemical pesticides.</p>","PeriodicalId":517424,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in insect science","volume":"5 ","pages":"1552694"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}