The American Journal of Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A Systematic Video Analysis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Professional Female Basketball Players","authors":"Kristian Heder Ternell, Filippo Tosarelli, Matthew Buckthorpe, Kristian Samuelsson, Eric Hamrin Senorski, Francesco Della Villa","doi":"10.1177/03635465251330007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465251330007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in female basketball players, who have a 2 to 3 times higher risk for an ACL injury than their male counterparts. Improving our understanding of the situations and biomechanics that result in an ACL injury in basketball players may support the design of more effective programs to mitigate the injury risk. Purpose: To describe the injury mechanisms, situational patterns, and biomechanics of ACL injuries during matches in professional female basketball players. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 105 ACL injuries in professional female European basketball leagues from the 2018 to 2023 seasons were identified. There were 41 (39%) injury videos analyzed for injury mechanisms and situational patterns, while biomechanical analysis was possible in 33 cases. There were 3 independent reviewers who rated each video. Data according to player position, phase of the match, and location on the court were also evaluated (n = 41). Analysis regarding neurocognitive perturbation was assessed in 41 cases (100%). Results: Most injuries (n = 28 [68%]) occurred during offensive possession. Indirect contact injuries were more prevalent (n = 23 [56%]) than noncontact injuries (n = 18 [44%]). Overall, 3 main situational patterns constituted 95% of injuries: offensive cut (n = 20 [49%]), defensive cut (n = 12 [29%]), and landing from a jump (n = 7 [17%]). Injuries involving a knee-dominant pattern with valgus were identified in 64% of cases. Injuries were evenly distributed between the first (53%) and second (47%) halves of a game. Half (50%) occurred within the first 10 minutes of effective playing time, and the most frequent months of injury were October and November (44%; early season). Nearly half (46%) of the injuries occurred in small forwards, with 59% of injuries occurring in zone 5. Neurocognitive errors were seen in 56% of injuries, while 92% of defensive injuries showed signs of neurocognitive errors. Conclusion: ACL injuries in professional female basketball players were caused by indirect contact or noncontact, involving offensive and defensive cuts as well as landing from a jump. Biomechanical analysis confirmed a multiplanar mechanism with a knee-dominant pattern and valgus. Most injuries occurred early in the season and within the first 20 effective minutes played (89%), making accumulated fatigue an unlikely risk factor for ACL injuries in basketball players.","PeriodicalId":517411,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomic, Functional, and Mechanical Risk Factors for Elbow Injury in the Throwing Athlete: A Prospective Cohort Study of 128 High School Baseball Players","authors":"Ryosuke Nishi, Takahisa Ogawa, Yuki Obokata, Kozo Furushima, Kunio Kamatani","doi":"10.1177/03635465251326579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465251326579","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Among high school baseball players, elbow injury is a significant career-threatening problem. Although structural abnormalities of the elbow joint, poor physical function, and faulty pitching mechanics have been identified as potential risk factors for this disorder, their relationship has not been fully elucidated. Purpose: To determine the interaction among these risk factors and, in particular, to examine whether structural abnormalities of the elbow joint are an important risk factor for elbow injury. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 128 new members of a high school baseball team were evaluated for structural abnormalities of the elbow joint using ultrasound, physical function tests, and an analysis of pitching motion. Follow-ups were then conducted for 6 months to monitor the occurrence of elbow injury. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the data. Results: Twenty-three participants (18%) developed elbow injury within 6 months. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that irregularity of the medial epicondyle, hypertrophy of the medial epicondyle, and increased external rotation of the shoulder were significantly associated with elbow injury within 6 months, with odds ratios of 5.42 ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; .001), 3.17 ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .03), and 1.04 ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .01), respectively. Conclusion: Irregularity and hypertrophy of the medial epicondyle and increased external rotation range of motion of the shoulder joint were identified as risk factors for elbow injury. Further research is needed to determine whether early identification of these factors and appropriate countermeasures can reduce the incidence of elbow injury.","PeriodicalId":517411,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes of Primary Versus Revision Hip Arthroscopic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Muzammil Akhtar, Daniel Razick, Mustafa Jundi, Jamal Zahir, Sonia Aamer, Anand Dhaliwal, Trevor Shelton, Dean Wang","doi":"10.1177/03635465251324944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465251324944","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As the incidence of primary hip arthroscopic surgery has increased, the incidence of revision hip arthroscopic surgery has also increased. Although many factors have been reported that predict clinical failure of hip arthroscopic surgery, the outcomes of primary versus revision hip arthroscopic surgery are unknown. Purpose: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the outcomes of primary versus revision hip arthroscopic surgery. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A search following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines was performed in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Studies were included if they compared the outcomes of primary versus revision hip arthroscopic surgery and had a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Data regarding study characteristics, patient characteristics, radiographic parameters, patient-reported outcomes, and adverse events were recorded. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. Results: There were 11 studies included, with 6437 patients (56.1% female; mean age, 37.1 years) and 1151 patients (65.3% female; mean age, 35.2 years) undergoing primary and revision hip arthroscopic surgery, respectively. Preoperative and postoperative radiographic parameters were not clinically different between the primary and revision groups. Postoperative scores for the Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living, Hip Outcome Score–Sports-Specific Subscale, modified Harris Hip Score, International Hip Outcome Tool–12, and Non-Arthritic Hip Score were significantly lower (all <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; .001), and the visual analog scale for pain ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; .001) score was significantly higher, after revision hip arthroscopic surgery. For the primary versus revision group, the rate of achieving the minimal clinically important difference ranged from 66.7% to 92% versus 47.4% to 90%, respectively, and the rate of achieving the Patient Acceptable Symptom State ranged from 52.6% to 79.4% versus 20% to 64%, respectively. The risk of complications ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .04) and conversion to total hip arthroplasty ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; .001) was significantly higher after revision hip arthroscopic surgery. Conclusion: Patients undergoing revision hip arthroscopic surgery were less likely to achieve clinically significant improvements in postoperative patient-reported outcomes and exhibited a higher risk of complications and conversion to total hip arthroplasty compared with patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopic surgery. These findings suggest that outcomes are optimized in the primary setting, and surgeons should appropriately counsel patients regarding expectations after revision hip arthroscopic surgery.","PeriodicalId":517411,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safe Sawing Conditions to Prevent Popliteal Artery Injury in Various Distal Femoral Osteotomies: Three-dimensional Simulation Analysis","authors":"Se-Han Jung, Min Jung, Kwangho Chung, Hyun-Soo Moon, Junwoo Byun, So-Heun Lee, Sung-Hwan Kim","doi":"10.1177/03635465251326589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465251326589","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) use is increasing in popularity, and popliteal artery injury during DFO can be devastating. Purpose: To determine the safe sawing angles in DFO to prevent popliteal artery injury by analyzing the artery's course and the distances from key structures within the osteotomy plane. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Three-dimensional images of the healthy popliteal artery and femur were reconstructed from computed tomography angiography scans of 27 patients, and medial and lateral closing-wedge DFO (MCW-DFO and LCW-DFO) was simulated. Specifically, after formation of the osteotomy plane that passes the designated hinge point and primary cutting start point, the plane was rotated by 5° and 10° to create the 0°, 5°, and 10° osteotomy planes. Minimal distances to the popliteal artery from the posterior cortex and posterior cortical line (dPA-PC, dPA-PCL) were measured in each osteotomy plane. A distance &lt;10 mm was defined as “at risk.” Frontal safe sawing index (FSSI), maximal safe sawing angles (MSSAs), and maximal safe osteotomy angles (MSOAs) were analyzed to evaluate the safety margin. Results: The FSSI was significantly higher in MCW-DFO than LCW-DFO across all osteotomy planes ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; .001). In MCW-DFO, FSSI decreased with higher-degree upper cuts ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; .001), while in LCW-DFO, it was maintained. The mean minimal distance to the popliteal artery from the posterior cortex ranged from 13 to 14 mm in all DFO simulations. MCW-DFO and LCW-DFO showed a decrease in dPA-PC with higher-degree cuts ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; .001), and dPA-PCL was consistently shorter than dPA-PC ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; .001). The at-risk ratio of dPA-PCL was higher than that of dPA-PC in all conditions, favoring cutting along the normal curvature of the cortex over cutting straight. The MSSA for MCW-DFO was around 5°, with no significant variation between osteotomy planes. LCW-DFO had a smaller safety margin when compared with MCW-DFO, considering the 95% confidence interval of MSSAs. However, MSOA values were higher in LCW-DFO than MCW-DFO ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; .001). The dPA-PC was correlated with height, weight, body mass index, and transepicondylar distance ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; .05). Conclusion/Clinical Relevance: The safety margin during osteotomies in various DFO scenarios may vary. When DFO is performed, it is essential to be aware of safety tips related to the course of the popliteal artery and the normal curvature of the femoral posterior cortex.","PeriodicalId":517411,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Novel Therapeutic Agents for Modulation of the Inflammatory Response in Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy Utilizing a Mouse Model of Subacromial Impingement","authors":"Claire D. Eliasberg, Camila B. Carballo, Vincent J.H. Yao, Alexander Piacentini, Leonardo Albertini Sanchez, Thomas M. Li, Janice Havasy, Edward G. Bowen, Marjan Khan, Scott A. Rodeo","doi":"10.1177/03635465251330008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465251330008","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rotator cuff disease is prevalent and can cause significant disability. Local subacromial corticosteroid injections (CSIs) have been a mainstay of nonoperative management despite concerns regarding their potential for adverse effects on tendon and muscle tissue. We identified 3 potential molecular targets that could be inhibited by alternative, currently available treatments. Purpose: To compare the effects of losartan (LOS), anakinra (AK), and alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), not previously utilized in the treatment of rotator cuff disease, with CSI-treated and nontreated controls in a murine model of rotator cuff tendinopathy. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 90 twelve-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were placed into 6 different groups (n = 15 mice per group). Group 1 underwent a sham procedure with no treatment (sham controls). Group 2 underwent placement of a metal clip in bilateral shoulders to induce impingement on the rotator cuff but received no further treatment. All mice receiving treatments (groups 3-6) underwent bilateral clip impingement surgery on day 0. On day 21, subacromial injections of CSI, AK, or A2M were performed, and LOS was administered via drinking water. All mice were sacrificed at 6 weeks after the initial impingement surgery. The supraspinatus tendons and muscles were harvested. Histology, biomechanical testing, flow cytometry, gene expression, and gait analysis were performed. The significance level was set at <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .05 for all statistical analyses. Results: Flow cytometry demonstrated that treatment groups exhibited individual stromal cell marker profiles more similar to sham controls than to the impingement control groups, with significantly higher percentages of CD51+, CD73+, CD90.2+, CD105+, and CD146+ cells compared with the impingement control group. Gene expression analysis demonstrated significantly decreased pathway scores for cytokine signaling, inflammasome, phagocytic cell function, oxidative stress, and proteotoxic stress in the treatment groups compared with the impingement control group. Conclusion: These novel therapeutic agents may have utility in promoting a favorable environment for stromal progenitor cells and decreasing cytokine signaling, inflammatory responses, and stress pathways associated with subacromial impingement. Clinical Relevance: Further investigation into these agents and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation may allow for the utilization of alternatives to CSIs.","PeriodicalId":517411,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Year Follow-up of a Group-Sequential, Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of a Subacromial Balloon Spacer for Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears of the Shoulder (START:REACTS)","authors":"Aminul Haque, Helen Parsons, Nick Parsons, James Mason, Iftekhar Khan, Nigel Stallard, Martin Underwood, Charles Hutchinson, Tom Lawrence, Steve Drew, Rebecca Kearney, Andrew Metcalfe","doi":"10.1177/03635465251326891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465251326891","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The best management of irreparable rotator cuff tears remains uncertain, with multiple new techniques introduced over the past 2 decades. Two options for treatment are arthroscopic debridement and biceps tenotomy, or the subacromial balloon spacer. Early trial results favored the former option, but the 2-year results have not yet been reported. Purpose: To report the 2-year follow-up outcomes of the START:REACTS trial, investigating the use of a subacromial balloon spacer for irreparable rotator cuff tears of the shoulder. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Eligible participants had an irreparable rotator cuff tear, intrusive symptoms requiring surgery, and previous unsuccessful nonoperative care. Participants were randomized 1:1 to debridement of the subacromial space with biceps tenotomy (debridement only) or the same procedure with the addition of the subacromial balloon spacer (debridement with device). The 12-month primary outcome was previously reported; this article presents the 24-month results. Linear regression models were used to analyze the 24-month data. Results: Recruitment stopped early at the preplanned interim analysis, with 117 participants in the trial. A total of 99 (85%) participants out of 117 were followed up to 24 months. At 24 months, a significant difference in the Oxford Shoulder Score was not found (95% CI, –7.9 to 0.4; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .08). The Western Ontario Rotator Cuff score (mean difference, –10.1; 95% CI, –19.5 to −0.8; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .04) and Patient Global Impression of Change (odds ratio, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.8; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .015) were found to significantly favor debridement only. The EQ-5D-5L (mean difference, −0.009; 95% CI, −0.107 to 0.088; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .85) and satisfaction scores (odds ratio, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3 to −1.2; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .14) were not significantly different. Complications were evenly matched between groups over 24 months. Conclusion: Participants continued to show better results in the debridement-only group compared with the group who had debridement with the InSpace balloon. Therefore, we do not recommend the subacromial balloon spacer for the treatment of irreparable rotator cuff tears.","PeriodicalId":517411,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction on Performance in Major League Baseball Pitchers: A 2-Year Analysis of Advanced Pitching Statistics, Velocity, and Spin Rate","authors":"Matthew Quinn, Jonathan Ge, Joseph Ham, Benjamin Ahn, Albert Wu, John D. Milner, Nicholas J. Lemme, Brett D. Owens, Nikhil N. Verma","doi":"10.1177/03635465251326907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465251326907","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) is a common procedure for Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers, with a rising incidence and significant financial and performance implications. However, the effect of UCLR on postinjury pitching performance remains controversial, particularly regarding advanced metrics such as spin rate and velocity. Purpose: To evaluate changes in pitching performance after UCLR and the association between pitch velocity, spin rate, and performance. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 43 MLB pitchers who underwent UCLR between 2017 and 2021 were compared with 86 uninjured age-matched controls. Pitching metrics, including fielding independent pitching, skill-interactive earned run average, and walks plus hits per inning pitched, as well as pitch-specific velocity and spin rate were analyzed for 2 seasons before and at least 1 season after UCLR. Principal component analysis was used to assess overall performance. Results: Pitchers showed a significant decline in overall performance during the first season after UCLR ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .032) but returned to preinjury levels by the second season ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .287). There was a significant decrease in the off-speed pitch spin rate observed in the first season ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .041), but all other pitches demonstrated no significant change throughout the study period. Increases in fastball velocity ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .046), fastball spin rate ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .019), and off-speed pitch velocity ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .016) were associated with superior overall performance. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that while pitchers experienced a significant decline in performance during the first season after UCLR, most of those who returned for a second season returned to their baseline preinjury performance. Additionally, increased velocity and spin rate were associated with improved performance in both injured and healthy pitchers, highlighting the value of these metrics in evaluating overall pitching performance.","PeriodicalId":517411,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical Shape Modeling of an Experimental, Induced Cam–Femoroacetabular Impingement Deformity in a Rabbit Model: A Platform to Study Mechanism of Hip Disease","authors":"Deniz C. Ince, Tomoyuki Kamenaga, Kenichi Kikuchi, John C. Clohisy, Regis J. O’Keefe, Catherine Yuh, Markus A. Wimmer, Steven P. Mell, Cecilia Pascual-Garrido","doi":"10.1177/03635465251326888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465251326888","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common determinant of hip pain in young adults and an established risk factor in the subsequent development of osteoarthritis (OA). The mechanism of hip OA secondary to FAI is unknown. Small-animal models are critical translational tools to understand mechanisms of disease and develop interventional therapies. Kamenaga and colleagues proposed a novel animal model to mimic cam-FAI; however, 3D morphology of the induced deformity has not been objectively investigated. Purpose: To use statistical shape modeling to quantitatively describe the induced proximal femoral head-neck deformity in order to take the necessary step in validating this animal model as a translational model for human cam-FAI. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Six-week-old immature New Zealand White rabbits (n = 13) were subject to right femur physis injury, with left femurs serving as controls. Micro–computed tomography images of femurs were taken at minimum 4 weeks after injury. 3D reconstructions were aligned and underwent statistical shape modeling with 2048 particles placed on each femur. Differences between mean shapes were calculated and analyzed using the Hotelling <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> test. Principal component analysis was used to describe shape variation, and parallel analysis was used to determine the statistically significant modes. Results: Hotelling <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> test demonstrated significant differences between cam-FAI and control mean shapes ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; .01). The cam-FAI mean shape protruded above the control mean by a maximum of 0.8 mm in the anterolateral head-neck junction with sustained protrusions of ~0.6 to 0.8 mm over the anterosuperior aspect and anteroposterior midline of the femoral head-neck junction. Maximum deviations between individual cam-FAI femurs and the mean control femur ranged between 0.1 and 1.6 mm in the same region. The first 6 modes explained 92.1% of the cumulative variation, and the first 13 modes were statistically significant, confirming the deformity. Conclusion: The proposed model resulted in a head-neck cam deformity similar to human cam-FAI. Clinical Relevance: This proposed animal model creates a cam-type deformity similar to that observed in human FAI, helping validate the model as a platform to study mechanisms of hip FAI OA and develop future interventional therapies for this disease.","PeriodicalId":517411,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SCOI Row Technique Versus Double-Row Suture Bridge Technique for Repairing Rotator Cuff Tears: A Biomechanical and Histological Study in Rabbits","authors":"Han-Yu Lu, Yi-Xin Yang, Wen-Jun Li, Min Du, Shi-Long Lin, Qi-Jie Sun, Yue-Lin Liu, Mu Gao, Xiao-Fei Zheng, He-Bei He","doi":"10.1177/03635465251326529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465251326529","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The double-row suture bridge (SB) is an effective technique for rotator cuff repair. However, because of high-tension sutures and tendon vascular insufficiency, nonunion or retearing of the rotator cuff after SB repair is common. The low-tension suture and microfracture features of the SCOI Row (SR) technique may help address these issues. Purpose: To compare the biomechanical and histological outcomes of SR and SB techniques in treating rotator cuff tears in rabbits. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: The study utilized a model of acute bilateral supraspinatus tendon tears in the shoulders of 42 New Zealand rabbits. The tear was randomly repaired using either the SR or SB technique on the left or right shoulder. Twelve rabbits were euthanized at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. Six rabbits were assigned for histological evaluation, while the other 6 were designated for biomechanical testing. Six of the original 42 animals were exclusively allocated for preliminary biomechanical testing at the 0-week time point. Results: At 8 weeks after surgery, all mended tendons were successfully attached to the footprint region of the greater tubercle without any postoperative complications. In comparison with the SB group, the SR group exhibited superior histological tendon-bone healing characterized by enhanced fibrocartilage regeneration, collagen composition, and fibrous tissue structure. The biomechanical results of the SR group exhibited superior performance compared with the SB group at both the 0- and 8-week postoperative assessments. Conclusions: Both repair techniques have demonstrated effectiveness in the rabbit rotator cuff tear model. Nevertheless, when compared with SB, SR demonstrates superior advantages in enhancing biomechanical properties and histological tendon-bone healing. Clinical Relevance: This study proposes that the SR technique could serve as a viable treatment alternative for rotator cuff tears in humans, as it can improve tendon-bone healing and decrease the incidence of failed healing.","PeriodicalId":517411,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair Augmented With a Polyethylene Terephthalate Band Supports Biomechanical Stability During the Early Healing Phase in a Rabbit Model","authors":"Han Gao, Luyi Sun, Chengxuan Yu, Mingru Huang, Sijia Feng, Dandan Sheng, Michael Tim Yun Ong, Fu Sai Chuen Bruma, Xing Yang, Yuefeng Hao, Christer Rolf, Shiyi Chen, Yunxia Li, Jun Chen","doi":"10.1177/03635465251325407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465251325407","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Augmented repair is an alternative strategy for the treatment of acute ligament and tendon injuries that imparts time-zero biomechanical strength to allow early loading, thereby protecting the repaired structures during the early healing process. Purpose: To investigate the biomechanical properties and biological healing process after suture repair of acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) augmentation and compare the findings with those obtained without PET augmentation. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 48 rabbits were assigned to 3 groups: a PET-augmented group, a nonaugmented suture repair group, and a natural (control) group. All 3 groups were evaluated at 4, 12, and 16 weeks after surgery. Biomechanical performance was assessed using tensile strength testing, and ACL healing and maturation were assessed using histological assessments. Results: The PET-augmented group showed less anterior knee laxity at 30° of knee flexion and superior structural continuity compared with the suture group. ACL repair with PET augmentation yielded recovery of the maximum tensile load as early as 4 weeks compared with that of the natural group (110.5 ± 6.5 vs 129.0 ± 8.6 N, respectively; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .29) and a gradual improvement in linear stiffness from 4 weeks (58.4 ± 3.9 N/mm) to 16 weeks (83.1 ± 5.1 N/mm; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .04), approaching that of the natural group (106.7 ± 5.8 N/mm). Furthermore, histological analyses revealed that in the PET-augmented group, the ACL healed back to the proximal insertion as early as 4 weeks with angiogenesis and collagen regeneration, and the increased ligament maturity score indicated a gradual healing process from 4 to 16 weeks. Conclusion: Compared with nonaugmented repair, repair augmented with a PET band enhanced early ACL stability and supported healing of ACL tears in a rabbit model. Clinical Relevance: The biomechanical and histological findings support subsequent clinical investigations using PET augmentation in patients with acute ACL tears.","PeriodicalId":517411,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}