Journal of Physics: Photonics最新文献

{"title":"Challenges in photocatalysis using covalent organic frameworks","authors":"Shuyan Jiang, T. Senftle, R. Verduzco","doi":"10.1088/2515-7647/ad5777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad5777","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Photocatalysis is an attractive, energy-efficient technology for organic transformations, polymer synthesis, and degradation of environmental pollutants. There is a need for new photocatalysts stable in different media and that can be tailored for specific applications. Covalent organic frameworks (COF) are crystalline, nanoporous materials with π-conjugated backbone monomers, representing versatile platforms as heterogeneous, metal-free photocatalysts. The backbone structure can be tailored to achieve desired photocatalytic properties, side-chains can mediate adsorption, and the nanoporous structure provides large surface area for molecular adsorption. While these properties make COFs attractive as photocatalysts, several fundamental questions remain regarding mechanisms for different photocatalytic transformations, reactant transport into porous COF structures, and both structural and chemical stability in various environments. In this perspective, we provide a brief overview of COF photocatalysts and identify challenges that should be addressed in future research seeking to employ COFs as photocatalysts. We close with an outlook and perspective on future research directions in the area of COF photocatalysts.","PeriodicalId":517326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Photonics","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141352798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating multimodal raman and photoluminescence microscopy with enhanced insights through multivariate analysis","authors":"Alessia Di Benedetto, Paolo Pozzi, Gianluca Valentini, D. Comelli","doi":"10.1088/2515-7647/ad5773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad5773","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper introduces a novel multimodal optical microscope, integrating Raman and laser-induced photoluminescence spectroscopy for the analysis of micro-samples relevant in Heritage Science. Micro-samples extracted from artworks, such as paintings, exhibit intricate material compositions characterized by high complexity and spatial heterogeneity, featuring multiple layers of paint that may be also affected by degradation phenomena. Employing a multimodal strategy becomes imperative for a comprehensive understanding of their material composition and condition. The effectiveness of the proposed setup derives from synergistically harnessing the distinct strengths of Raman and laser-induced photoluminescence spectroscopy. The capacity to identify various chemical species through the latter technique is enhanced by using multiple excitation wavelengths and two distinct excitation fluence regimes. The combination of the two complementary techniques allows the setup to effectively achieve comprehensive chemical mapping of sample through a raster scanning approach. To attain a competitive overall measurement time, we employ a short integration time for each measurement point. We further propose an analysis protocol rooted in a multivariate approach. Specifically, we employ Non-Negative Matrix Factorization as the spectral decomposition method. This enables the identification of spectral endmembers, effectively correlated with specific chemical compounds present in samples. To demonstrate its efficacy in Heritage Science, we present examples involving pigment powder dispersions and stratigraphic micro-samples from paintings. Through these examples, we show how the multimodal approach reinforces material identification and, more importantly, facilitates the extraction of complementary information. This is pivotal as the two optical techniques exhibit sensitivity to different materials. Looking ahead, our method holds potential applications in diverse research fields, including material science and biology.","PeriodicalId":517326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Photonics","volume":"141 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141351049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of single extracellular vesicles in a double nanohole optical tweezer for cancer detection","authors":"Matthew Peters, Sina Halvaei, Tianyu Zhao, Annie Yang-Schulz, Karla C Williams, Reuven Gordon","doi":"10.1088/2515-7647/ad5776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad5776","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A major challenge in cancer prognostics is finding biomarkers that can accurately identify cancer at early stages. Extracellular vesicles are promising biomarkers because they: contain cell specific information, are abundant in fluids, and have distinguishing features between cancerous and non-cancerous types. Fluorescent labelling is commonly used to detect extracellular vesicles but has challenges including achieving the desired specificity. Here, we demonstrate a label-free approach to classification of 3 different extracellular vesicle types, derived from non-malignant, non-invasive cancerous, and invasive cancerous cell lines. Using double nanohole optical tweezers, the scattering from single trapped extracellular vesicles is measured, and using a 1D convolutional neural network, we are able to classify the time series optical signal into its respective extracellular vesicle class. This is a promising first step towards early-stage label-free detection of cancers.","PeriodicalId":517326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Photonics","volume":"120 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141351891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current state of stimulated Brillouin scattering microscopy for the life sciences","authors":"Alberto Bilenca, R. Prevedel, G. Scarcelli","doi":"10.1088/2515-7647/ad5506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad5506","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) microscopy is a nonlinear all-optical imaging method that provides mechanical contrast based on the interaction of laser radiation and acoustical vibrational modes. Featuring high mechanical specificity and sensitivity, three-dimensional sectioning, and practical imaging times, SBS microscopy with (quasi) continuous wave excitation is rapidly advancing as a promising imaging tool for label-free visualization of viscoelastic information of materials and living biological systems. In this article, we introduce the theory of SBS microscopy and review the current state-of-the-art as well as recent innovations, including different approaches to system designs and data analysis. In particular, various performance parameters of SBS microscopy and its applications in the life sciences are described and discussed. Future perspectives for SBS microscopy are also presented.","PeriodicalId":517326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Photonics","volume":"203 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing hyperspectral imaging through macro and multi-modal capabilities","authors":"Benedetto Ardini, Matteo Corti, Marta Ghirardello, Alessia Di Benedetto, LETIZIA BERTI, Cristina Cattò, Sara Goidanich, Giorgia Sciutto, Silvia Prati, Gianluca Valentini, Cristian Angelo Manzoni, Daniela Comelli, Alessia Candeo","doi":"10.1088/2515-7647/ad4cc5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad4cc5","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) has emerged as an effective tool to obtain spatially resolved spectral information of artworks by combining optical imaging with spectroscopy. This technique has proven its efficacy in providing valuable information both at the large and microscopic scale. Interestingly, the macro scale has yet to be thoroughly investigated using this technology. While standard HSI methods include the use of spatial or spectral filters, alternative methods based on Fourier-transform interferometry have also been utilised. Among these, a hyperspectral camera employing a birefringent common-path interferometer, named TWINS, has been developed, showing a high robustness and versatility. In this paper, we propose the combination of TWINS with a macro imaging system for the study of cultural heritage. We will show how the macro-HSI system was designed, and we will demonstrate its efficient capabilities to collect interferometric images with high visibility and good signal of both reflectance and fluorescence on the same field of view, even on non-flat samples. The relevance of the macro technology is demonstrated in two case studies, aiding in the analysis of biofilms on stone samples and of the degradation of dyed textiles.","PeriodicalId":517326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Photonics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140967342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MetaPhyNet: intelligent design of large-scale metasurfaces based on physics-driven neural network","authors":"Jian Lin Su, Jian Wei You, Long Chen, Xin Yi Yu, Qing Chun Yin, Guo Hang Yuan, Si Qi Huang, Qian Ma, Jia Nan Zhang, T. Cui","doi":"10.1088/2515-7647/ad4cc8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad4cc8","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Metasurfaces have garnered extensive attention across multiple disciplines owing to their profound capabilities in electromagnetic (EM) manipulation. To determine its EM characteristics accurately, full-wave EM simulations are essential. These simulations necessitate a significant amount of time and memory resources, hindering the efficiency of the design process. In this article, we propose MetaPhyNet, a novel physics-driven neural network approach based on temporal coupled-mode theory (CMT) to address the challenges of low efficiency and high memory consumption in large-scale metasurface design process. In the proposed approach, a surrogate model is developed to achieve rapid prediction of the EM response of ultra-large-scale metasurfaces. In comparison with a full-wave EM simulation, the proposed model reduces the simulation time of the ultra-large-scale metasurface by up to two orders of magnitude and the memory consumption by more than two orders of magnitude. Our proposed approach aims to enhance the efficiency and intelligence in metasurface design by leveraging the principles of CMT within a neural network framework. Through this innovative integration of physics-based modeling and machine learning, we seek to achieve significant advancements in the design efficiency of metasurfaces. We apply the proposed model to optimize the design of two metasurface absorbers to showcase the effectiveness of our proposed approach. Simulations and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the value and impact of our approach in addressing existing challenges in full-wave EM simulation-based design optimizations of metasurfaces.","PeriodicalId":517326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Photonics","volume":"39 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140970907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brillouin scattering from biomedical samples: the challenge of heterogeneity.","authors":"M. Alunni Cardinali, S. Caponi, M. Mattarelli, D. Fioretto","doi":"10.1088/2515-7647/ad4cc7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad4cc7","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Brillouin light scattering (BLS), a non-destructive and non-contact technique, offers a powerful tool for probing the micromechanical properties of biological tissues. However, the inherent heterogeneity of biological tissues can pose significant challenges in interpreting BLS spectra. In this study, we introduce a novel method that harnesses the intensity information within a single BLS spectrum to directly estimate the Voigt average of the longitudinal modulus. Additionally, we use a method to determine the ratio of the squared Pockels coefficients for photoelastically heterogeneous samples, based on global analysis of a 2D BLS map. This method is shown to effectively determine the photoelastic ratio of soft and hard components of human bone tissues, enabling the calculation of the average elastic constants. Furthermore, it has the remarkable ability to generate maps of the filling factor of the scattering volume, shedding valuable light on the intricate structure and topography of rough surfaces under BLS mapping.","PeriodicalId":517326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Photonics","volume":"58 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140970254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient nonlinear compression of mJ pulses at 2 µm wavelength to 20 fs in a gas-filled multi-pass cell","authors":"Lucas Eisenbach, Ziyao Wang, Jan Schulte, T. Heuermann, P. Russbüldt, Rudolf Meyer, P. Gierschke, M. Lenski, Muneo Sugiura, Koichi Tamura, J. Limpert, Constantin Haefner","doi":"10.1088/2515-7647/ad4cc4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad4cc4","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Within this work we demonstrate the highly efficient nonlinear spectral broadening and subsequent temporal compression of 1.49 mJ pulses at 101 kHz repetition rate from an ultrafast thulium-doped fiber laser system employing a gas-filled multi-pass cell. To achieve spectral broadening, we use a krypton and helium-filled Herriott-type multi-pass cell with highly reflective broadband dielectric mirrors. The spectrally broadened pulses are subsequently compressed using fused-silica plates, resulting in a pulse duration of 20 fs and an overall excellent transmission of 96%. Furthermore, the beam quality is preserved up to the maximum output power of 144 W. It provides, to the best of our knowledge, the highest average power with few-cycle pulses at 2 µm wavelength with almost 10 times more pulse energy and 3 times more average power than previous 2-µm multi-pass cells, enabling future secondary source experiments.","PeriodicalId":517326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Photonics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140966913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic testing, verification and validation of laser treatments for unglazed earthenware affected by lichens and fungi biodeterioration","authors":"D. Ciofini, Valentina Mazzotti, Paola Rondelli, Barbara Salvadori, R. Manganelli Del Fá, J. Agresti, C. Riminesi, S. Siano, I. Osticioli","doi":"10.1088/2515-7647/ad4c42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad4c42","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In recent years, there has been a growing interest in exploring environmentally friendly and healthy alternatives to conventional solvent cleaning and biocides in the conservation of stone artworks. Here, we focus on the potential of laser-based photonic methods for treating biodeteriorated earthenware artefacts. The investigation was conducted on Roman dolia (jars) of the International Museum of Ceramics (MIC), Faenza, Italy. Three removal methods were tested and compared: i) brushing using a soft-bristled electric brush and water, referred to as brush cleaning; ii) a combination of brushing and laser ablation; and iii) biocide and brushing. Four laser systems with different wavelengths and optimized pulse durations in nanosecond or microsecond regimes were used in the tests. Systematic irradiation tests were conducted to determine the damage thresholds and define safe laser irradiation levels. The characterizations of the surfaces under treatment were carried out pre- and post-laser irradiation using optical microscopy, 3D photogrammetry, and Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated Chlorophyll-Fluorometry (CF-PAM). Furthermore, spectroscopic methods based on FTIR, Raman, and LIBS techniques were used to assess the effectiveness of the removal process and the composition of uncovered surfaces. Results have indicated that gentle brushing and water is the most effective approach for safely removing around 60% of the bio-colonization weakly anchored to the substrate over the area under treatment. This comprised viable species, whereas the remaining 40% of the area included endolithic species, mostly thalli of Verrucaria nigrescens and rock-dwelling fungi. The eradication of the latter was the real conservation concern requiring attention. Following the experimentation, the optimal method for safely uncovering the earthenware surface was a combination of water-assisted brushing and 1064 nm laser irradiation as a finishing treatment.","PeriodicalId":517326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Photonics","volume":"83 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance electro-optic switches with compact multimode interference and Bezier S-bend waveguides","authors":"Noor Afsary, MD KOUSHIK ALAM, Karimul Hoque, Md Omar Faruk Rasel","doi":"10.1088/2515-7647/ad4c40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ad4c40","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 High-speed and energy-efficient electro-optic (EO) switches are crucial for next-generation data communication systems. This paper presents a novel EO switch utilizing a multimode interference (MMI) coupler-based approach on a Lithium-Niobate (LiNbO3) platform. The switch is designed with Bezier S-bend waveguides, leading to a significant reduction in bending loss of 0.18 dB. This Bezier-bend EO switch shows an excess loss of 0.33 dB and crosstalk of -20.44 dB for the bar port switching, while the cross port switching exhibits an excess loss of 0.64 dB and crosstalk of -13.66 dB. Applying a 3.27 V voltage achieves a balanced splitting ratio of 29:29:29 between the three outputs. The length of this EO switch is 4.09 mm, which needs 4.1V to create a phase shift, showing a voltage efficiency of 1.68 V.cm. This paper presents a promising pathway for a novel EO switch design and introduces improved signal management for next-generation computing systems.","PeriodicalId":517326,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Photonics","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}