Norberto Barroca, Fernando J. Velez, Luís M. Borges, Periklis Chatzimisios
{"title":"Performance enhancement of IEEE 802.15.4 by employing RTS/CTS and frame concatenation","authors":"Norberto Barroca, Fernando J. Velez, Luís M. Borges, Periklis Chatzimisios","doi":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0003","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>IEEE 802.15.4 has been widely accepted as the de facto standard for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, as in their current solutions for medium access control (MAC) sub-layer protocols, channel efficiency has a margin for improvement, in this study, the authors evaluate the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC sub-layer performance by proposing to use the request-/clear-to-send (RTS/CTS) combined with frame concatenation and block acknowledgement (BACK) mechanism to optimise the channel use. The proposed solutions are studied in a distributed scenario with single-destination and single-rate frame aggregation. The throughput and delay performance is mathematically derived under channel environments without/with transmission errors for both the chirp spread spectrum and direct sequence spread spectrum physical layers for the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical band. Simulation results successfully verify the authors’ proposed analytical model. For more than seven TX (aggregated frames) all the MAC sub-layer protocols employing RTS/CTS with frame concatenation (including sensor BACK MAC) allow for optimising channel use in WSNs, corresponding to 18–74% improvement in the maximum average throughput and minimum average delay, together with 3.3–14.1% decrease in energy consumption.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87395829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New approach based on Hilbert curve for energy efficient data collection in WSN with mobile sink","authors":"Khadidja Fellah, Bouabdellah Kechar","doi":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0078","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Energy is the most important resource in the design of wireless sensor networks (WSNs); as a result, most of the research work was done on this topic. It has been proven that the mobility in this kind of network plays an important role in energy conservation. The movement of the Sink is the most interesting type of mobility. In this work, the authors optimise the Sink travel in sensor field using Hilbert curve as an efficient data collection trajectory. The sensor field is organised in clusters and a virtual rendezvous point (VRP) is selected at each cluster for the sojourn of the Sink. The optimal position of the VRP is obtained using their integer linear program which takes into account the optimal transmission range between the Sink and the sensor node. The obtained results showed the supremacy of the Hilbert curve compared to other curves generated by other optimisation approaches and confirm that the solution based on clustering and Hilbert curve has performed well in terms of energy gain.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90530349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance evaluation of the wireless sensor with renewable energy, impatience, and heterogeneous energy requirements","authors":"Shun-Ping Chung, Mei-Jun Liao, Li Yang","doi":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0155","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0155","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Wireless sensors are utilised to transmit data through the wireless sensor network. The authors consider wireless sensors with a limited energy capacity that needs the energy to complete the transmission service. To extend the lifetime of the wireless sensor, it is assumed that the renewable energy resource, e.g. solar energy, is collected via the energy harvesting method. In order to provide a better bit error rate or data rate, the energy requirement of a packet may be more than one unit of energy. Furthermore, a packet may leave without finishing the service due to impatience if the patient interval is exceeded. They focus on one wireless sensor with one server and two finite queues: one packet queue and one energy queue. In the authors’ system, there are two classes of impatient customers, and each customer has to consume one or two units of energy to finish the service. First, they derive the analytical model for the considered system and find the steady-state probability distribution and performance measures of interest. Next, the impacts of different system parameters on the performance measures are studied. Last but not least, the analytical results are shown to be in good agreement with the simulation results.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87524726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Obstacle-resistant hybrid localisation algorithm","authors":"Amin Kargar-Barzi, Ali Mahani","doi":"10.1049/iet-wss.2020.0052","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-wss.2020.0052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>A wide range of wireless sensor applications need to know the position of the nodes in a network area. So, finding the location of nodes, which is known as the localisation, has become a challenge in wireless sensor networks. This study proposed Diagonal-Centroid and Diagonal-Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) methods, which are regarded as two novel anchor-based localisation techniques. In these methods, the anchor node diagonally traversed the network area and transmit broadcast packets of its position. In Diagonal-Centroid method, nodes estimated their location by the average of the received position while, in the second method, the best tree positions were selected by a heuristic algorithm to estimate the position of the nodes. In this study, the authors extend their analysis to three different scenarios including the networks with and without obstacles to investigate the effect of the obstacles in network localisation, as well as the network with different node deployments to check out the localisation coverage area and network performance. All scenarios were implemented in OMNeT++ simulator, and based on the results, the Diagonal-Centroid technique had the best accuracy, whereas Diagonal-PSO had better performance regarding the accuracy and energy consumption compared to those reported in the other related studies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-wss.2020.0052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86188146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bio-inspired routing protocol for wireless sensor network to minimise the energy consumption","authors":"Padmalaya Nayak, Ch Praneeth Reddy","doi":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0198","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0198","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The minimisation of energy consumption has become an emerging topic in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) as these networks enable a wealth of new applications. The internet of things (IoT) application is one of them and the current hype around the IoT is huge. Therefore, the development of efficient communication protocols for WSNs is a major concern. In this context, various research communities have triggered several optimisation techniques to provide energy-efficient solutions to WSNs. This study aims to apply the genetic algorithm (GA) in WSNs clustering and to evaluate its performance over another optimisation technique. The proposed protocol is analytically analysed and compared with a fuzzy logic (FL)-based routing protocol and traditional routing protocol like LEACH and <i>K</i>-means using a Java-based custom simulator. Simulation results show that there is a trade-off between GA-clustering and FL-clustering, but the overall performance of GA-clustering is very promising for obtaining optimal energy consumption.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82124003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Walaa M. Elsayed, Hazem M. El-Bakry, Salah M. El-Sayed
{"title":"Fault autonomous model handling through integrated adaptive-filters for eliminating deployment faults in wireless sensor networks","authors":"Walaa M. Elsayed, Hazem M. El-Bakry, Salah M. El-Sayed","doi":"10.1049/iet-wss.2020.0023","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-wss.2020.0023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are exposed to various data-deployment faults during the communication action. These faults may impact the behaviour of the sensors that degrade its performance and cuts its life. Therefore, we tend to implement the integration of two independent trends are self-awareness and self-adaptation capabilities along with two integrated adaptive filters, FIR and RLS. The proposed Autonomous Fault-Awareness and Adaptive (AFAA) model composed of three adaptive two-stage executed self-awareness approach to limit the impact of such faults during the propagation process. In this paper, we introduce the operational mechanism of AFAA that manages to identify the failure and aware of the lost signal values autonomously, then filter the perceptive-signals for eliminating the accompanied interference and gaining convergent values. It executed the incorporated autonomous model at the level of Cluster Head (CH) for independent fault-correction using an adaptive feedback model. Compared to the state-of-the-art methods, the proposed model achieved speed in fault diagnosis; also high-accuracy rate in the prediction of the lost signal values as much as 98.63%, thus improving the percentage of performance efficiency to 3:1 times along of duty cycle. Hence, it enhanced the overall network lifetime.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-wss.2020.0023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81635053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bidirectional hash chains generically enhances resilience of key predistribution schemes","authors":"Deepak Kumar Dalai, Pinaki Sarkar","doi":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0124","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0124","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Key predistribution is an adequate technique to solve the (symmetric) key management problem in distributed systems. Owing to the large network size and limited memory (<i>z</i>) in devices, a given key is shared by a number of nodes (<i>r</i>). This leads to a generic degradation of a network's resilience. Several works dedicate to reduce this deterioration by applications of lightweight mechanisms. Few such prominent approaches are the <i>q-</i> composite method by Chan <i>et al.</i>, hashed random preloaded subset by Ramkumar <i>et al.</i> and one-way function iterates by Cichoń <i>et al.</i> or its special case of hash chains (HCs) by Bechkit <i>et al.</i> The authors introduce the generic concepts of bidirectional HCs (2HCs) and <i>q</i> -composite 2HCs. A thorough qualitative investigations of vital system parameters indicate trade-offs between significant improvement in a network's resilience and nominal increment in space and computational overheads in constituent devices. In the process, they correct an error in resilience computations in the works of Bechkit <i>et al.</i> Instantiations of their indigenous concepts to three prominent schemes that represent individual types of key predistribution schemes (one random and two deterministic) concretely quantify their analyses.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78451263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy efficient aggregation technique-based realisable secure aware routing protocol for wireless sensor network","authors":"Adam Raja Basha","doi":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0178","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0178","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Wireless sensor network (WSN) plays a predominant role from household equipment into military applications,sometimes utilised to handle most sensitive, personalised data like body sensors report, medical purposes in those cases, all kind of prescription and decisions are taken based on the sensor data. Many algorithms and techniques have been developed for these purposes among them trust-based algorithms outperform the conventional techniques. A trust method provides ultimate security with integrity, authenticity and availability of data to all the nodes. Data overhead is the complication encountered while implementation trust-based method which leads to complications like congestion into the system. And also directly affects the data aggregation process, as a cumulative effect, the overall lifetime of the network is drastically brought down. This study proposes a realisable secure aware routing (RSAR) protocol: RSAR method to overcome the said issue. The RSAR starts with the trust factor calculation of individual sensor node. Then the values are computed by optimal trust inference model using the conditional tug of war optimisation algorithm. The data aggregation help in reducing the instantaneous data flow of the individual node to multi-hop and filters out the necessary data alone, then transmits the accumulated information to the receiving end. The energy efficiency of this proposed work is achieved through bypassing the repeated and fault data from the gathered information and in turn, it will maximise the WSN lifetime by saving its battery. Trust factor calculations introduced by this method help in identifying the attacks and mitigate by calculating the trust factors.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87016881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PI-based and anti-windup transmission power control for WirelessHART field devices","authors":"Róger W.P. da Silva, Diego Eckhard, Ivan Müller","doi":"10.1049/iet-wss.2018.5040","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-wss.2018.5040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In the last couple of decades, the industry saw an increase in the number of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in replacement of the old cabled technology due to lower deployment and maintenance costs. To keep this momentum, those industrial WSN (IWSN) must assure robustness, scalability, low power, and low maintenance, and the network protocol stack is an important piece of this puzzle. One great dilemma faced by IWSN protocols is how to sustain reliable radio links while avoiding draining too much energy from the battery. In this context, <i>Wireless</i> HART (WH) and ISA SP100.11a, for example require the hardware of the nodes to provide multiple power levels for transmission. Unfortunately, those protocols do not provide a standard procedure to choose between those levels. A simple but inefficient solution often employed simply chooses the highest level available. Seeking a better solution, this proposal presents a transmission power control (TPC) methodology that allows energy saving while sustaining the quality of the communication link employing a simple proportional–integral (PI) controller plus anti-windup. The proposed approach does not rely on special TPC-related packets, which is advantageous in comparison with other approaches from the literature by allowing this work to be fully compliant with existing IWSN protocols.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1049/iet-wss.2018.5040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84302018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wireless sensor nodes localiser based on sine–cosine algorithm","authors":"Eslam Hamouda, Abdelaziz Said Abohamama","doi":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0163","DOIUrl":"10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Wireless sensor networks are an emerging technology deployed in many fields. Knowing the positions of sensor nodes is critical for many applications to perform their tasks. Hence, accurate node localisation in wireless sensor networks is an essential issue. The node localisation problem can be formulated as a multidimensional optimisation problem. In this study, the authors propose a node localisation scheme based on a sine–cosine algorithm. The proposed scheme addresses the flip ambiguity problem, which can badly affect the localisation accuracy of the entire network. The efficacy of the proposed scheme is evaluated through intensive experimentation under different scenarios. The obtained results show the superiority of the proposed scheme against other optimisation algorithms in terms of the localisation accuracy, the number of localised nodes, and the computation time.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51726,"journal":{"name":"IET Wireless Sensor Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1049/iet-wss.2019.0163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75631011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}